The United Nations (UN) & The International Maritime Organization (IMO)
➢ Introduction to the United Nations (UN)
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in
international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and
achievement of world peace.
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When the UN was founded? And why?
The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries,
and to provide a platform for dialogue.
There are currently 193 member states, including every internationally recognized sovereign state in the world
but the Vatican City.
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The principal organs of The UN :
1. The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly)
2. The Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security)
3. The Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic and social cooperation
and development)
4. The Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN)
5. The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ)
6. The United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive)
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Other prominent UN System agencies
1. The World Health Organization (WHO)
2. The World Food Program (WFP)
3. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
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The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty
In 1956, the United Nations held its first Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) 1958 at Geneva,
Switzerland.
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3.
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"UNCLOS I" resulted in four Conventions concluded:
Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone.
Convention on the Continental Shelf.
Convention on the High Seas.
Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas.
In 1960, the United Nations held the second Conference on the Law of the Sea ("UNCLOS II"). Its aim was to
establish a uniform width for territorial waters around the world. however, the six-week Geneva conference did
not result in any new agreements.
Generally speaking, developing nations and third world countries participated only as clients, allies, or
dependents of United States or the Soviet Union, with no significant voice of their own
➢ IMO- International Maritime Organization
IMO – the International Maritime Organization – is the United Nations specialized agency with responsibility for
the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships.
formerly known as the International-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), was established in
Geneva in 1948, and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959 .
The IMCO name was changed to IMO in 1982.
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IMO Conventions
1- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974
2- International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL),
1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto and by the Protocol of 1997.
3- International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)
as amended, including the 1995 and 2010 Manila Amendments.
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The Committees of IMO
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3.
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5.
Technical Co-operation Committee (TCC).
Legal Committee (LEG).
Facilitation Committee (FAL).
Maritime Safety Committee (MSC).
Marine Environmental protection Committee (MEPC).
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IMO Sub-Committee restructuring agreed by MSC
1. Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW):
a- to address issues relating to human element training and watchkeeping, including minimum international standards for
training certification of seafarers and fishing vessel personnel.
b- technical and operational issues related to maritime safety, security, and environmental protection, to encourage a safety
culture in all ship operations.
c- the review, updating and revision of IMO model courses; and promotion and implementation of the Organization's human
element strategy.
2. Sub-Committee on Implementation of IMO Instruments (III):
a- to address the effective and consistent global implementation and enforcement of IMO instruments concerning maritime
safety and security and the protection of the marine environment, including: comprehensive review of the rights and
obligations of States emanating from the IMO treaty instruments.
b- assessment, monitoring and review of the current level of implementation of IMO instruments by States in their capacity as
flag, port and coastal States and countries training and certifying officers and crews .
c- identification of the reasons for the difficulties in implementing provisions of relevant IMO instruments consideration of
proposals to assist States in implementing and complying with IMO instruments.
d- analyses of investigations reports into marine casualties and incidents.
e- review of IMO standards on maritime safety and security and the protection of the marine environment, to maintain an
updated and harmonized guidance on survey and certification related requirements; and promotion of global harmonization
of port State control activities
3. Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR):
a- to consider technical and operational matters related to the obligations of Governments and operational measures related
to safety of navigation, including: hydrographic and meteorological services, ships' routeing, ship reporting systems, aids to
navigation, radio-navigation systems, vessel traffic services, and pilotage; operational requirements and guidelines relating to
navigational safety and associated issues, such as regulations for the prevention of collisions and groundings, bridge
procedures voyage planning, avoidance of dangerous situations, places of refuge including maritime assistance services and
relevant aspects of maritime security.
b- carriage requirements, performance standards and operational guidelines for the use of ship borne navigational equipment
and other navigational requirements; obligations of Governments and operational measures related to the Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), development.
c- maintenance of the global search and rescue (SAR) Plan and the Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system;
operational requirements and guidelines relating to radio communications and search and rescue, and, in co-operation with
the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
d- the harmonization of aeronautical and maritime search and rescue procedures .
e- carriage requirements, performance standards and operational guidelines for the use of shipborne radio communications
and search and rescue equipment; and liaison with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) on maritime mobile
radiocommunication matters.
4. Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR):
a- to consider technical and operational matters related to: prevention and control of pollution of the marine environment
from ships and other related maritime operations.
b- safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships; evaluation of safety and pollution hazards of liquid substances in bulk
transported by ships.
c- control and management of harmful aquatic organisms in ships' ballast water and sediments.
d- pollution preparedness, response and cooperation for oil and hazardous and noxious substances.
5. Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC):
to consider technical and operational matters related to: design, construction, subdivision and stability, buoyancy, seakeeping and arrangements, including evacuation matters, of all types of ships, vessels, craft and mobile units covered by IMO
instruments; testing and approval of construction and materials; load line matters; tonnage measurement matters; safety of
fishing vessels and fishermen; and survey and certification.
6. Sub-Committee on Ship Systems and Equipment (SSE):
to consider technical and operational matters related to: systems and equipment, including machinery and electrical
installations, of all types of ships, vessels, craft and mobile units covered by IMO instruments; testing and approval of systems
and equipment; life-saving equipment, appliances and arrangements; fire protection systems; and analyses of casualty and
incident records relating to ship systems and equipment.
7. Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC):
a- to consider technical and operational matters related to: effective implementation of the relevant conventions, codes and
other instruments, mandatory or recommendatory, as appropriate, dealing with cargo operations, which include packaged
dangerous goods, solid bulk cargoes, bulk gas cargoes, and containers ; evaluation of safety and pollution hazards of
packaged dangerous goods solid bulk cargoes and gas cargoes .
b- survey and certification of ships carrying hazardous cargoes; further enhancement of the safety and security culture, and
environmental consciousness in all cargo and container operations; and co-operation with other relevant UN bodies, IGOs
and NGOs on international standards related to containers and to cargo operations.
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Other conventions relating to Maritime safety and security
1- Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG), 1972
2- Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (FAL), 1965
3- International Convention on Load Lines (LL), 1966
4- International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR), 1979
5- Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA),
1988,
and Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Fixed Platforms located on
the
Continental Shelf (and the 2005 Protocols)
6- International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC), 1972
7- Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (IMSO C), 1976
8- The Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels (SFV), 1977
9- International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel
Personnel (STCW-F),
1995
10- Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement (STP), 1971 and Protocol on Space Requirements for
Special Trade Passenger Ships, 1973
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Conventions relating to Prevention of Marine Pollution
1- International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties
(INTERVENTION), 1969
2- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (LC), 1972
(and the 1996 London Protocol)
3- International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), 1990
4- Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to pollution Incidents
by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 (OPRC-HNS Protocol)
5- International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships (AFS), 2001
6- International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments,
2004
7- The Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships,
2009
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Conventions covering Liability and Compensation
1- International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969.
2- Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (PAL), 1974
3- Convention relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material (NUCLEAR),
1971
4- Protocol to the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for
Compensation
for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND 1992)
5- Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC), 1976
6- International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection
with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), 1996 (and its 2010 Protocol)
7- International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001
8- Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
Adoption: 1 November 1974 ;
Entry into force: 25 May 1980
The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all
international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships .
The first version was adopted in 1914, in response to the Titanic disaster, the second in 1929, the third in
1948, and the fourth in 1960.
Technical provisions
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The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the
construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety.
Flag States Implementation (FSI) are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply
with its requirements, and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that
this has been done .
Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other Contracting
States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially
comply with the requirements of the Convention is known as Port State Control (PSC) .
The current SOLAS Convention includes Articles setting out general obligations, amendment
procedure and so on, followed by an Annex divided into 14 Chapters.
Chapter 1 (I): Definitions
For the purpose of the present regulations, unless expressly provided otherwise:
A. Regulations means the regulations contained in the annex to the present Convention.
B. Administration means the Government of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly.
C. Approved means approved by the Administration.
D. International voyage means a voyage from a country to which the present Convention applies to a
port outside such country, or conversely.
E. A passenger is every person other than
1. the master and the members of the crew or other persons employed or engaged in any
capacity on board a ship on the business of that ship.
2. a child under one year of age.
F. A passenger ship is a ship which carries more than twelve passengers.
G. A cargo ship is any ship which is not a passenger ship.
H. A tanker is a cargo ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of liquid cargoes of an
inflammable nature.
I. A fishing vessel is a vessel used for catching fish, whales, seals, walrus or other living resources of
the sea.
J. A nuclear ship is a ship provided with a nuclear power plant.
K. New ship means a ship the keel of which is lain or which is at a similar stage of construction on or
after 25 May 1980.
L. Existing ship means a ship which is not a new ship.
M. A mile is 1,852 m or 6,080 ft.
N. Anniversary date means the day and the month of each year which will correspond to the date of
expiry of the relevant certificate.
Chapter 1 (I): General Provisions
Includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing of documents
signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention .
The Chapter also includes provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting Governments.
Chapter 2 (II)
Part-1: Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations.
Part-2: Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction.
Chapter 3 (III): Life-saving appliances and arrangements
The International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code gives specific technical requirements for LSAs and is
mandatory under Regulation 34, which states that all life-saving appliances and arrangements ( including
requirements for life boats, rescue boats and life jackets according to type of ship ) shall comply with the
applicable requirements of the LSA Code.
Chapter 4 (IV): Radio communications
The Chapter incorporates the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). All passenger ships
and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international voyages are required to carry
equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue following an accident, including satellite
emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for
the location of the ship or survival craft.
Chapter 5 (V): Safety of navigation
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Certain navigation safety services which should be provided by Contracting Governments and
sets forth provisions of an operational nature applicable in general to all ships on all voyages.
The subjects covered include the maintenance of meteorological services for ships; the ice patrol
service; routing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services.
The chapter makes mandatory the carriage of voyage data recorders (VDRs) and automatic ship
identification systems (AIS).
Chapter 6 (VI): Carriage of Cargoes
• # The Chapter covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk)
"which, owing to their particular hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special
precautions".
• The regulations include requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units
(such as containers).
• The Chapter requires cargo ships carrying grain to comply with the International Grain
Code.
Chapter 7 (VII): Carriage of dangerous goods
The regulations are contained in three parts:
Part A
• Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form - includes provisions for the
classification, packing, marking, labeling , documentation and stowage of
dangerous goods.
• # Contracting Governments are required to issue instructions at the National level.
• The Chapter makes mandatory the International Maritime Dangerous Goods
(IMDG) Code, developed by IMO, which is constantly updated to accommodate
new dangerous goods and to supplement or revise existing provisions.
Part A-1
• Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk - covers the documentation,
stowage and segregation requirements for these goods and requires reporting
of incidents involving such goods.
# Part B
• Covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid
chemicals in bulk and requires chemical tankers to comply with the
International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code).
Part C
• Covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk and
gas carriers to comply with the requirements of the International Gas Carrier
Code (IGC Code).
Part D
• includes special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear
fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships and requires
ships carrying such products to comply with the International Code for the Safe
Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level
Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code).
The chapter requires carriage of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the
relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG
Code).
Chapter 8 (VIII): Nuclear ships
• Gives basic requirements for nuclear-powered ships and is particularly concerned
with radiation hazards. It refers to detailed and comprehensive Code of Safety
for Nuclear Merchant Ships which was adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1981.
Chapter 9 (IX): Management for the Safe Operation of Ships
• The Chapter makes mandatory the International Safety Management (ISM) Code,
which requires a safety management system to be established by the ship owner
or any person who has assumed responsibility for the ship (the "Company").
Chapter 10 (X): Safety measures for high-speed craft
• The Chapter makes mandatory # the International Code of Safety for High-Speed
Craft (HSC Code).
Chapter 11 (XI): Special measures to enhance maritime safety
• Regulation XI-2/3 of the chapter enshrines # the International Ship and
Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code).
Part A of the Code is mandatory and Part B contains guidance as to how
best to comply with the mandatory requirements.
• # Regulation XI-2/8 confirms the role of the Master in exercising his
professional judgment over decisions necessary to maintain the security
of the ship. It says he shall not be constrained by the Company, the
charterer or any other person in this respect.
• Regulation XI-2/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security
alert system.
• Regulation XI-2/6 covers requirements for port facilities, providing among
other things for Contracting Governments to ensure that port facility
security assessments are carried out and that port facility security plans
are developed, implemented and reviewed in accordance with the ISPS
Code.
• Other regulations in this chapter cover the provision of information to
IMO, the control of ships in port, (including measures such as the delay,
detention, restriction of operations including movement within the port,
or expulsion of a ship from port), and the specific responsibility of
Companies.
Chapter 12 (XII): Additional safety measures for bulk carriers
• # The Chapter includes structural requirements for bulk carriers over 150 meters in
length.
Chapter 13 (XIII)
• Verification of compliance Makes mandatory from 1 January 2016 the IMO
Member State Audit Scheme.
Chapter 14 (XIV)
• The chapter include Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters makes
mandatory, from 1 January 2017, the Introduction and part I-A of the International
Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the Polar Code).
Amendments
• The 1974 Convention has been amended many times to keep it up to date .
• Amendments adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) are listed in MSC
Resolutions.
• Transport of dangerous goods needs to be regulated in order to prevent, as far as
possible, accidents to persons or property and damage to the environment, the
means of transport employed or to other goods. However, with different regulations
in every country and for different modes of transport, international trade in
chemicals and dangerous products would be seriously impeded, if not made
impossible and unsafe.
• Moreover, dangerous goods are also subject to other kinds of regulations Such as,
1.
2.
3.
4.
Work safety regulations.
Consumer protection regulations.
Storage regulations.
Environment protection regulations.
• In order to ensure consistency between all these regulatory systems,
The United Nations has developed mechanisms for the harmonization of hazard
classification criteria and hazard communication tools (GHS) as well as for transport
conditions for all modes for transport (TDG).
The UNECE administers regional agreements that ensure the effective
implementation of these mechanisms as far as transport of dangerous goods by road,
rail and inland waterways is concerned.
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
Adoption: 1973 (Convention), 1978 (1978 Protocol), 1997 (Protocol - Annex VI);
Entry into force: 2 October 1983 (Annexes I and II).
The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), since its inception in 1974, has reviewed various
provisions of MARPOL 73/78 that have been found to require clarification or have given rise to
difficulties in implementation. In order to resolve such ambiguities and difficulties in a uniform manner,
➢ ANNEXES to MARPOL
Annex
Regulations for ---
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II
III
IV
V
VI
The Prevention of Pollution by Oil.
The Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk.
The Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried at Sea in Packaged Form.
The Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships.
The Control of Pollution by Garbage from Ships.
The Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships.
Entered into force
2
2
1
27
31
19
October 1983
October 1983
July 1992
September 2003
December 1988
May 2005
➢ MARPOL General Obligations
Parties to ensure that ships flying their flag do not discharge wastes into
the sea Provision of port reception facilities
➢ MARPOL General Rights
Not being polluted by ships from other Parties and can prosecute Principle of
“not more favorable treatment”
➢ Control of disposal outside Special Areas
Obligations for coastal States:
1. Provision of adequate reception facilities in all their ports.
2. Notify IMO of such provision.
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Annex I: Covers prevention of pollution by oil from operational measures as well as from accidental
discharges. The 1992 amendments to Annex I made it mandatory for new oil tankers to have double hulls
and brought in a phase-in schedule for existing tankers to fit double hulls, which was subsequently revised
in 2001 and 2003.
Annex II: details the discharge criteria and measures for the control of pollution by noxious liquid
substances carried in bulk.
In any case, no discharge of residues containing noxious substances is permitted within 12 miles of the
nearest land .
More stringent restrictions applied to the Baltic and Black Sea areas.
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Annex IV: contains requirements to control pollution of the sea by sewage.
the discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited,
except:
1. when the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment plant.
2. when the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved system at a
distance of more than three nautical miles from the nearest land.
sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected has to be discharged at a distance of
more than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land.
➢ Special Areas under MARPOL
MARPOL defines certain sea areas as
"Special area" means a sea area where for recognized
technical reasons in relation to its oceanographic and
ecological condition and to its peculiar transportation
traffic the adoption of special mandatory methods for
the prevention of sea pollution by noxious liquid
substances is required.
In Annex I Prevention of pollution by oil, Annex II Control of pollution by noxious
liquid substances, Annex IV Prevention of pollution by sewage from ships and
Annex V Prevention of pollution by garbage from ships,
Annex VI Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships establishes
certain sulphur oxide (SOx) Emission Control Areas with more stringent controls on
sulphur emissions.
➢ Special areas under MARPOL are as follows:
Adoption, entry into force & date of taking effect of Special Areas
Special Areas
Adopted #
Date of Entry into
Force
In Effect From
✓ Annex II: Noxious Liquid Substances
Antarctic area
30 Oct 1992
1 Jul 1994
1 Jul 1994
1 Jan 2013
**
✓ Annex IV: Sewage
Baltic Sea
15 Jul 2011
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers "STCW"
Adoption: 7 July 1978;
Entry into force: 28 April 1984; Major revisions in 1995 and 2010
THE Parties to This Convention
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The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification
and watchkeeping for seafarers on an international level.
The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification and
watchkeeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.
The 1995 amendments entered into force on 1 February 1997.
One of the major features of the revision was the division of the technical annex into regulations,
divided into Chapters as before, and a new STCW Code, to which many technical regulations were
transferred.
Dividing the regulations up in this way makes administration easier and it also makes the task of
revising and updating them more simple
Another major change was the requirement for Parties to the Convention are required to provide
detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance
with the Convention.
The information is reviewed by panels of competent persons, nominated by Parties to the STCW
Convention, who report on their findings to the IMO Secretary-General, who, in turn, reports to
the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) on the Parties which fully comply. The MSC then produces
a list of "confirmed Parties" in compliance with the STCW Convention.
STCW Convention chapters
Chapter I: General provisions
Chapter II: Master and deck department
Chapter III: Engine department
Chapter IV: Radiocommunication and radio personnel
Chapter V: Special training requirements for personnel on certain types of ships
Chapter VI: Emergency, occupational safety, medical care and survival functions
Chapter VII: Alternative certification
Chapter VIII: Watchkeeping
The STCW Code
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The regulations contained in the Convention are supported by sections in the STCW Code.
Generally speaking, the Convention contains basic requirements which are then enlarged upon
and explained in the Code.
Part A of the Code is mandatory. The minimum standards of competence required for seagoing
personnel are given in detail in a series of tables.
Part B of the Code contains recommended guidance which is intended to help Parties implement
the Convention. The measures suggested are not mandatory and the examples given are only
intended to illustrate how certain Convention requirements may be complied with.
The Manila amendments
• The Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code were adopted on 25 June 2010,
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marking a major revision of the STCW Convention and Code. The 2010 amendments are set to
enter into force on 1 January 2012
Amongst the amendments adopted, there are a number of important changes to each chapter of
the Convention and Code, including:
1. Improved measures to prevent fraudulent practices associated with certificates of
competency and strengthen the evaluation process.
2. Revised requirements on hours of work and rest and new.
3. new requirements for the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse, updated standards
relating to medical fitness standards for seafarers.
4. New certification requirements for able seafarers.
5. New requirements relating to training in modern technology such as electronic charts and
information systems (ECDIS).
6. New requirements for security training, as well as provisions to ensure that seafarers are
properly trained to cope if their ship comes under attack by pirates.
Communication of information
1. The Parties shall communicate as soon as practicable to the Secretary-General:
A. The text of laws, decrees, orders, regulations and instruments promulgated on the various
matters within the scope of the Convention.
B. Full details, where appropriate, of contents and duration of study courses, together with
their national examination and other requirements for each certificate issued in compliance
with the Convention.
C. A sufficient number of specimen certificates issued in compliance with the Convention.
2. The Secretary-General shall notify all Parties of the receipt of any communication under
paragraph (1)(a) and, inter alia, for the purposes of Articles IX and X, shall, on request, provide
them with any information communicated to him under paragraphs (1)(b) and (c).
Certificates
1. Certificates for masters, officers or ratings shall be issued to those candidates who, to the
satisfaction of the Administration, meet the requirements for service, age, medical fitness,
training, qualification and examinations in accordance with the appropriate provisions of the
Annex to the Convention .
2. Certificates for masters and officers, issued in compliance with this Article, shall be endorsed by
the issuing Administration in the form as prescribed in Regulation I/2 of the Annex. If the
language used is not English, the endorsement shall include a translation into that language.