Biology I Unit III Study Guide Chapter 12: Genetics and Meiosis Chapter 13: DNA Chapter 14: Protein Synthesis CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS Describe the genotypes given: In humans, brown eye color (B), is dominant over blue eye color (b). What are the phenotypes of the following genotypes? 1. DD ____________________________ 2. Dd ___________________________ 1. BB ______________________________ 3. dd ___________________________ 2. bb ______________________________ 4. ss ___________________________ 3. Bb _____________________________ 5. Yy ___________________________ 6. WW ___________________________ CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS Working Backwards: A heterozygous smooth pea pod plant is crossed with a wrinkled pea pod plant. There are two alleles for pea pod, smooth and wrinkled. Predict the offspring from this cross. 1. What is the genotype of the parents? ____________ 2. What is the predicted genotypic ratio for the offspring? ______________ 3. What is the predicted phenotypic ratio for the offspring?________________ 4. If this cross produced 50 seeds how many would you predict to have a wrinkled pod? __________ CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS Monohybrid Cross: Sometimes we only know about the offspring and we want to learn about the parents. In pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant and green seeds (y) are recessive. A pea plant with yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green seeds. The resulting offspring have about equal numbers of yellow and green seeded plants. What are the genotypes of the parents? Parent 1: ____________________ Parent 2: ____________________ CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS Dihybrid Cross: When we study two traits on different chromosomes, at one time, we call this a dihybrid cross In horses, the coat color black is dominant (B) over chestnut (b). The trotting gait is dominant (T) over the pacing gait (t). If a homozygous black pacer is mated to a homozygous chestnut, herterozygous trotter, what will be the ratios for genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation. Genotype ratios: __________________________________________ Phenotype ratios: __________________________________________ Make sure to discover the genotypes of both parents before you begin making the punnett square. Also remember to use the FOIL technique to figure out what goes on the outside of the square. CHAPTER 12: NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS Codominance: Incomplete Dominance: In chickens white feathers (ww) and black feathers (bb) are codominant traits that result in hybrids who have spotted fur (wb). Cross a white feathered hen with a black feathered rooster. In central Kentucky there is a creature known as a wildcat. It comes in three colors: blue, white, and light-blue. This trait is controlled by a single locus gene with incomplete dominance. A homozygous (BB) individual is blue, a homozygous (bb) individual is white and a heterozygous (Bb) individual is light-blue. What would the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring if a light-blue wildcat were crossed with a white one? What are the chances of having a white feathered chick? CHAPTER 12: MEIOSIS What this video for a review: 1. In your notes: Draw each stage of Meiosis and label their major events in each stage. 2. Answer the following a. How many daughter cells are created at the end of meiosis? b. What is the difference between a diploid and haploid cell? c. Where does meiosis occur in the body? d. How does the process of meiosis result in unique gametes? e. What is crossing over and what phase does it occur in? CHAPTER 13: DNA List 2 facts about Griffith’s experiment List 2 facts about Hershey and Chase’s experiment: List 2 facts about Avery’s experiment List 1 contribution from Chargaff and 1 contribution from Franklin: CHAPTER 13: DNA List the major 3 major enzymes used in DNA replication and their major function: If a sample of DNA contained 20% Adenine, then how much Thymine would there be? If one side of DNA was AGGTCAAGTTCC, then what would the other side be? If a sample of DNA contained 35% Guanine, then how much Thymine would there be? CHAPTER 13: DNA Label the figure with the following terms: A. DNA polymerase B. Phosphate C. Deoxyribose D. Replication fork E. DNA helicase F. Nitrogenous base CHAPTER 14: RNA Description Made in the nucleus Mark the box if the statement applies to that RNA molecule Used in protein production Carries in amino acids Makes up a ribosome Nucleic acid Has codons Has anticodons Made of nucleotides tRNA rRNA mRNA CHAPTER 14: Replication Vs. Protein Synthesis Describe what happens in the following including where each one takes place: REPLICATION: TRANSCRIPTION: TRANSLATION: CHAPTER 14: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Label the image to the right. It is the process of Protein Synthesis. You will have to make text boxes to put in the blank boxes for your answers CHAPTER 14: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Fill in the blanks. DNA mRNA Amino Acid TAC CTA GGT ATC GTC CHAPTER 14: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Fill in the blanks. DNA mRNA Amino Acid UAC CUA GGU AUC CAC