A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION
FEBRUARY 24, 2017
I.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. Define postharvest handling;
b. Identify the various postharvest procedures; and
c. Observe proper postharvest handling to minimize losses.
II.
SUBJECT MATTER
Topic: The Postharvest Operations/Handling
References: LANTICAN,R.M.2002.
The
Science
Production.SEARCA UPLB .College, Laguna
and
Practice
of
Crop
http://eagri.tnau.ac.in/eagri50/HORT381/pdf/lec02.pdf
Materials: Visual Aid
Values: Appreciation
III.
PROCEDURE
A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
Teacher’s Activity
Students Activity
a. Prayer
“Let us pray first, anyone who wants to lead the prayer?”
(One student will lead the prayer)
b. Preparation
“Good morning class!”
Good morning Ma’am!
“Please arrange your chairs according to your row.”
Students arrange their chairs.
“You may now take your seat.”
Thank you Ma’am!
“Miss Secretary may I know who are the absent for ( The Secretary will stand and tell
today?”
the absentee)
By the way before we are going to start our lesson, let me
introduce myself, I am Jenessa Villanueva- Romanillos
from Braulio E. Dujali, and I’ll be your teacher for
Agricultural Crop Production.
B. DEVELPMENTAL ACTIVITIES
Teacher’s Activity
a. Motivation
“Okey, are you all ready for our lesson?”
Yes Ma’am!
“Who among you here have farms?”
(students will raise their hands)
Students Activity
“What crops are planted? Have you tried harvesting (students will raise their hands and
your own planted crops?”
answer)
“So I want You now to enumerate and identify the
steps you perform to your harvested crops.”
(Pick 3 students to answer)
(students will raise their hands and
answer)
“Thank you class all of your answers are correct
because we have different kinds of crops the grain
crops includes the rice and corn, and the perishables
which is the fruits and vegetables belong. So it
requires different steps after harvest to lengthen the
shelf life of that specific commodity”
b. LESSON PROPER
“Today our topic is all about the POSTHARVEST
OPERATIONS/ HANDLING. “
The teacher states the lesson objectives
“When you hear the word POSTHARVEST (students listen to the lesson objectives)
HANDLING what comes into your mind?
Anyone?”
(students will raise their hands and
(Pick 2 students to answer)
answer)
“Thank you; please listen attentively because after
the discussion we will have our short quiz.”
“POSTHARVEST HANDLING”
“Is the specific term used for the
movement of commodities and
operations
through
which
the
commodity undergoes from harvest to
possession to the fixed consumer; this
includes the technological aspects of
marketing and distribution. Different
crops undergo different steps on
postharvest. “
Why are postharvest practices done?




Vegetables/fruits are living tissues that
undergo continuous change after harvest
Rapid deterioration can occur
Can affect quality of vegetable/fruits
(Freshness and nutritional)
Safety of the vegetable/fruits (Pesticide
residues)(Microbiological organisms)
THE POSTHARVEST PROCEDURES
POSTHARVEST PROCEDURES
Harvesting
Reception
Selection,
Cleaning and
Disinfection
Pre-cooling
Drying
Grading
packing and
Packaging
other treatments
Storage
Transport
Reception or it’s is either to the packing house or
to the shaded place which is not exposed directly to
the sun and the preparatory steps for storage to
market is done.
“What is pre-cooling class?
Yes, that’s right.
Pre-cooling- Pre-cooling refers to the rapid
removal of field heat shortly after the harvest of a
crop. Field heat can be defined as the difference in
temperature between the temperature of the crop
harvested and the optimal storage temperature of
that product. In general the temperature should be
cooled down till it reaches 88% of the existing
difference in temperature and its optimal storage
temperature. Field heat should be removed as fast
as possible since, for most produce, an hour delay
at field conditions of about 35°C will lead to a loss
in shelf-life of about 1 day – even at optimal
storage conditions.
“Ma’am removal of the harvested
produce from the field Ma’am so that it
will not expose to direct sunlight/ high
temperature.”
“Then next is the Selection, cleaning and
disinfection”
It means class that in this stage of the commodity
Selection or sorting the process of classifying into
groups designated by the person classifying crops
or commodities the produce either according to set
criteria.
It means class that in this stage of the commodity
Selection or sorting the process of classifying into
groups designated by the person classifying crops
or commodities the produce either according to set
criteria. Sorting is done by hand to remove which is
not suitable to market or storage due to damage by
insects, diseases and mechanical.
Then cleaning before the commodity are marketed
various amounts of cleaning are necessary which
typically involves the removal of soil dust, adhering
debris, insects and pest residue. But we just don’t
need to clean it we need to make sure that we used
clean water for washing our commodity.
There are several types of cleaning:
−1.Washing – dunking, spraying, wiping.
−2. Dry brushing – no water, just brush.
−3. Don’t wash – washing/extra handling can
cause damage, decreasing quality. and because
washing is not enough disinfection needed to apply
to the commodity.
Chlorine in fresh water is often used to disinfect to
wash the commodity.
After that Drying to the excess moisture caused by
washing will be removed then grading will be the
next step it is the process of classifying into groups
to a set recognized criteria of quality and size, each
group bearing an acceptable name and size
grouping.
Then some of the commodities undergo other
treatments like CURING, WAXING.
Then after which the Packing or it is the act of
putting commodities in a container.
The packaging is the process to ensure adequate
protection and safe delivery of the product from the
ultimate consumer.
“Pay attention at the grocery store and at farmers “At the Grocery Ma’am since it was pack
markets class to how produce is displayed, what properly compared to the Farmers market
looks good to you?”
that was displayed directly without
packaging.”
“Yes that is right and did you know if our
commodity is directly exposed/ displayed it is “Yes Ma’am”
subject to pathogen and microorganism that can
contribute to the deterioration of our produce so it
means, it will affect the farmers income, right
class?”
Storage is the next it is the process of keeping crops
in structure designed to protect to stored products
from inclement weather and pest for a short or
longer period of time to await processing or
transport to other location. In the case of fruits and
vegetables it should be stored in specific
temperature since it perishables crops have a short
shelf life compare to the grain crops.
Lastly is the Transport during this step we need to
consider on how it is transported. Is the vehicle
clean and cool? We need to see to it that we should
not load our commodity with a very warm vehicle it
will affect the shelf life of our commodity.
c. Application
So now I will group you into 3 groups. Then
answer the following question IN 5 MINUTES
You will identify the cause of losses at the different (Students will have their group activity)
points of the system
For Group 1: During Packing
For Group 2: during STORAGE.
For Group 3: during Transport
“ok class time’s up”
“The first to present is the group 1 followed by the
group 2 the last is the group 3”
“Thank you class. All that you mention was
correct. There is a big losses on our produce during
that time.
During the PACKING;





Improper postharvest handling
Delays
Physical
(large
packaging
bags),(inappropriate packing materials)
mechanical (Inappropriate technologies)
physiological damage
(Students present their answers on the
postharvest losses during the movement
of the commodity from packaging,
storage and transport)
During STORAGE;


Physical
physiological damage caused by rough
handling,bacteria,fungus, insects, rodents
and other environmental factors
During TRANSPORT;




Delays caused Environmental conditions
Physical
(overloading).(poor
road
condition),
Yes Ma’am
mechanical
physiological damage
So, Am I understood?
IV.
GENERALIZATION
Teacher’s Activity
Students Activity
“I know you have learned a lot from this day’s (Students raise their hands)
discussion, so anyone who can summarize the
lesson?
Call 2 students to summarize the topic.
“thank you “
POSTHARVEST HANDLING specifically
involves the movement and the operations that
commodities undergo from harvest to the time
immediately before meal preparation
It main concern is to keep commodities in an
acceptable state from harvest until it reaches
the consumer since most commodities are
transported in their perishable state.
In addition, postharvest handling aims to
minimize losses at the least possible cost.
The existing postharvest environment requires
appropriate technologies to maintain quality of
commodities.
Poor handling of agricultural commodities can
result in quality deterioration and losses.
Is everything clear class?
Yes Ma’am!
V.
EVALUATION
Please get 1/4 sheet of paper for our short quiz. And answer the following questions.
1. It is the rapid removal of the field heat to the commodity._____________________
2-3 give at least 2 reasons why postharvest is done?
4. Is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning,
sorting and packing.
5. The main reason for this step is for the appearance of the commodity that will be attractive to
the consumer.
6-15 for 10 points what are the procedures in postharvest.
“Ok Class pass your paper in front.”
Answer Key:
1. Pre-cooling
2-3 Rapid deterioration can occur
Can affect quality of vegetable/fruits (Freshness and nutritional)
Safety of the vegetable/fruits
4. Postharvest HANDLING
5. Packaging
6-15 harvest-reception-precooling-selection, cleaning and disinfection-drying, grading,-other
treatments-packing and packaging-storage-transport
VI.
ASSIGNMENT
Teacher’s Activity
Students Activity
For your assignment please research on THE
STORAGE PEST AND DISEASES.
Write it in a 1 whole sheet of paper.
That’s all for today. See you all again next
meeting!
Class dismissed. Good Bye Class!
PREPARED BY: Jenessa V. Romanillos
Good bye and Thank you Ma’am!