електропостачання / power supply
ɍȾɄ 621.311
Ɋ. ɉȺȼȿɅȿɄ (ɅɈȾɁɂɇɋɄɂɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ, ɉɈɅɖɒȺ),
ɘ. Ʌ.ɋȺȿɇɄɈ (ɉȽɌɍ, ɍɄɊȺɂɇȺ)
ǫȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȣșȠȍȍ țȟȍȉȕȖȍ ȏȈȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ «ǷȘȐȈȏȖȊșȒȐȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ»,
țȓ. ǻȕȐȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȒȈȧ, 7, ǴȈȘȐțȗȖȓȤ, ǻȒȘȈȐȕȈ, 87500, Țȍȓ.: (0629) 44-65-51, ȥȓ. ȗȖȟȚȈ: yls@mail.ru
ȼɅɂəɇɂȿ ɌəȽɈȼɕɏ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɈɄ ɇȺ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ
ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋɇȺȻɀȿɇɂə
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
Ʉ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɟɬɹɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ: ɩɪɨɜɚɥɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɩɨɦɟɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɹɝɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɹɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ,
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ. ɋɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɨɤ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɧɟɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɟɧ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ [1-3]. Ɍɹɝɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɟ
ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ PKP) ɩɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 110 ɤȼ. Ɉɬ
ɲɢɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɹɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɩɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɸ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.
ɋɟɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɹɝɟ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɨ 12ɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɹɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ 110/15 ɤȼ, ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɣ 3 ɬɹɝɨɜɵɟ
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɬɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ 2 ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ 110/15 ɤȼɬ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 25 ɆȼȺ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ 15 ɤȼ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɹɝɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚɩɢɬɚɜ ɢɯ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɬɢɩɚ Fluke 1760 (ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ⱥ) [4], ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɹɝɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 110 ɢ 15 ɤȼ. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1 ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɫ 19.11.10 (0:0 ɱɚɫɨɜ) ɞɨ 26.11.10
(0:0 ɱɚɫɨɜ).
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ
110 ɤȼ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 110 ɤȼɬ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɢ 3.
20
15 ɤȼ
ɇɟɬɹɝɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
P [MW]
15
10
5
3 ɤȼ DC
0
1 9 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 0 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 1 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 2 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 3 -11 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 4 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 5 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
2 6 -1 1 -1 0
0 :0 0
t [dd-m m -r r/ g :m ]
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ
Ɍɹɝɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 2,85 Mȼɬ (ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
49
електропостачання / power supply
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ) ɞɨ 19,23 Mȼɬ (ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ), ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ 0,1 ɞɨ 4,7 Ɇɜɚɪ
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ cosij = 0,96 y 0,98
(ɪɢɫ. 4). Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ.
5,0
Q [Mvar]
4,0
3,0
2,0
1,0
0,0
19-11-10
0:00
20-11-10
0:00
21-11-10
0:00
22-11-10
0:00
23-11-10
0:00
24-11-10
0:00
25-11-10
0:00
26-11-10
0:00
t [dd -mm-rr/g:m]
Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ) ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ,
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
U L%
cosI
0,96
0,94
0,92
0,90
19-11-10
0:00
20-11-10
0:00
21-11-10
0:00
22-11-10
0:00
23-11-10
0:00
24-11-10
0:00
25-11-10
0:00
26-11-10
0:00
K 2U
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ Fluke 1760 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ PN-EN 50160
[5]. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ [6].
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ [5-7]
ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 1 ɧɟɞɟɥɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
(ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ 10-ɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ). 95% ɪɟ-
U 2s
100%,
U1s
(2)
ɝɞɟ U1s – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ,
U2s – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ.
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɵ [5] ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2 %, ɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼɬ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ [6] ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ 1 %. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
t [dd-mm-rr/g:m]
Ɋɢɫ. 4. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
(1)
ɝɞɟ Uc – ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɶɸ (ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɬɢ);
UL – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɹɯ 15 ɤȼ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɧɨɪɦɵ PN-EN 50160 [5], ɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ [5] ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
±10 % ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ:
1,00
0,98
UL
100%,
Uc
U h%
Uh
100%,
U1
(3)
ɝɞɟ Uh – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ h-ɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ (h =
=1,..., 40) ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ;
U1 – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ.
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɬɟɣ 15 ɤȼ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɵ [5] ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ [6]
– ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
40
¦ U h2
THD%
h 2
U1
100%.
(4)
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
50
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
електропостачання / power supply
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [5]
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 8%, ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
[6] 3%.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɮɥɢɤɟɪɚ
12
Plt
3
¦
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
3
Psti
i 1
12
ɝɞɟ Pst ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɣ ɮɥɢɤɟɪɚ.
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ
ɮɥɢɤɟɪɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [5] ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,
ɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ [6] ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 0,8.
,
(5)
ɋɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɢ 110 ɤȼ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.3.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ
h
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
ɇɟɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ
ɧɟɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ 3
ɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ 3
Uh% [%]
h
Uh% [%]
6,0
3
5,0
5,0
9
1,5
3,5
15
0,5
3,0
21
0,5
2,0
1,5
1,5
1,5
ɑɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ
h
2
4
6 ÷ 24
Uh% [%]
2,0
1,0
0,5
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ
h
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
25
ɇɟɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ
ɧɟɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ 3
ɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ 3
Uh% [%]
h
Uh% [%]
2,0
3
2,0
2,0
9
1,0
1,5
15
0,5
1,0
>21
0,5
1,0
1,0
0,7
0,7
0,2 0,5
>25
ɑɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ
ɧɟɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ 3
h
Uh% [%]
2
1,5
4
1,0
>4
0,5
25
h
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɹɯ 15 ɢ 110 ɤȼ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
U [%]
THDU [%]
Plt [-]
K2U [%]
L1
106,72
11,06
0,30
ɋɟɬɶ 15 ɤȼ
L2
L3
106,46
106,47
11,37
11,35
0,30
0,30
0,22
Ⱦɨɩ. ɡɧɚɱ.
110,0
8,0
1,0
2,0
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ ɜ ɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ THDU.
L1
110,47
1,41
0,31
ɋɟɬɶ 110 ɤȼ
L2
L3
110,55
110,30
1,39
1,40
0,31
0,29
0,25
Ⱦɨɩ. ɡɧɚɱ.
110,0
3,0
0,8
1,0
ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
(Pst) ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ (Plt) ɞɨɡɵ ɮɥɢɤɟɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ (K2U)
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ (15 ɢ 110 ɤȼɬ)
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
51
електропостачання / power supply
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 10-ɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɯ 110 ɤȼ.
ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɟɬɤɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɵ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɤɚ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5,
ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɡɵ L1 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6. ɋ
ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɱɟɪɱɟɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɚ.
72
240
70
200
68
160
9,3
1000
9,1
800
8,9
600
8,7
400
8,5
200
8,3
0
I [A]
ɍɪɨɜɧɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 15 ɤȼ. Ɍɚɤ ɱɟɬɤɨ
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (Ɋɉɇ), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɟ.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ Ɋɉɇ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɡɵ L1 ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɬɪɟɧɞɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ Ɋɉɇ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ.
U [V]
ɡɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ [5 ,6].
ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 3 ɠɢɪɧɵɦ
ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ) ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ.
2010-11-19 2010-11-20 2010-11-21 2010-11-22 2010-11-23 2010-11-24 2010-11-25 2010-11-26
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
t [dd-mm-rr/g:m]
Ɋɢɫ. 7. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
120
I
64
80
62
40
60
0
2010-11-19 2010-11-20 2010-11-21 2010-11-22 2010-11-23 2010-11-24 2010-11-25 2010-11-26
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
9,3
U [kV ]
U [kV]
U
66
I [A]
9,5
9,1
8,9
8,7
t [dd-mm-rr/g:m]
Ɋɢɫ. 5. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ
ɲɢɧɚɯ 110 ɤȼ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
I [A]
Ɋɢɫ. 8. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ Ɋɉɇ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
72
70
ȼɵɫɲɢɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ
68
U [V]
8,5
66
64
62
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
I [A]
60
70
80
90
100
Ɋɢɫ. 6. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ
ɗɬɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 7, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɤɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ 15 ɤȼ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ 3 ɬɹɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ 12-ɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɦɢ
ɞɢɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɗɬɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ (ɪɢɫ. 2 ɢ 3). ɋɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɵ (ɪɢɫ. 9) ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɥɟɣ 11-ɣ ɢ 13-ɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ (ɪɢɫ. 10) [8].
ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ h = 12n ± 1. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
52
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
електропостачання / power supply
ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ THDU (8%),
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɡɚɯ.
12,0
10,0
8,0
THDU [%]
ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɵɯ 6-ɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɯ ɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɫɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ 12ɩɭɥɶɫɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ɂɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ 110/15 ɤȼ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 10, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ 110 ɤȼ.
L1
L2
L3
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
19-11-10 20-11-10 21-11-10 22-11-10 23-11-10
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
a)
24-11-10
0:00
25-11-10
0:00
26-11-10
0:00
t [dd-mm-rr/g:m]
Ɋɢɫ. 11. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ THDU ɬɪɟɯ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 15 ɤȼ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ
ɂɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ 110/15 ɤȼ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 12, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ
ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 13) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɹɯ
15 ɤȼ ɢ 110 ɤȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ.
b)
a)
Ɋɢɫ. 9. Ɇɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 15 ɤȼ (ɚ) ɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 110 ɤȼ (b)
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ,
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 110 ɤȼ, ɱɟɦ ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 15 ɤȼ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɩɢɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ, ɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ.
b)
15,0
12,5
Ih [%]
10,0
Ɋɢɫ. 12. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
15 ɤȼ (ɚ) ɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ 110 ɤȼ (b) ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
7,5
5,0
2,5
sieü 15 kV
sieü 110 k V
0,0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
n umer harmon icznej h
Ɋɢɫ. 10. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ 110/15 ɤȼ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 11 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ. ɉɪɟ-
ɂɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫ. 10 ɢ 13 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
15 ɤȼ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯ (ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ) ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ 12-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧ-
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
53
електропостачання / power supply
ɧɵɯ ɬɹɝɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜ
ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ 3ɹ, 5-ɹ ɢ 7-ɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɮɨɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ
110 ɤȼ.
8,0
7,0
REFERENCES
Uh [%]
6,0
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
sieü 15 kV
sieü 110 kV
1,0
0,0
ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɹɝɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ.
ȼ ɫɟɬɢ 110 ɤȼ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ. ȼ
ɬɨɤɟ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ 11-ɹ, 13-ɹ, 23-ɹ ɢ 25-ɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ 3-ɹ, 5-ɹ ɢ 7-ɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ.
2 4 6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
nu mer h armoniczn ej h
Ɋɢɫ. 13. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ 110/15 ɤȼ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɂɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɚɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
15 ɤȼ (ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ THDU) ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɟ [1, 2] (ɬɚɛɥ. 3, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɢɫ. 11). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ:
1. ȼɵɫɲɢɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɢɡ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɜ ɫɟɬɶ 110 ɤȼ
ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɨɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ.
2. ȼ ɫɟɬɢ 15 ɤȼ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɬɨɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ 11-ɹ, 13-ɹ,
23-ɹ ɢ 25-ɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ
12-ɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɯ ɬɹɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɥɟɞɨȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɋɵɱɟɧɤɨ ȼ. Ƚ.
1. Brociek W., Wilanowicz R., Higher harmonics
and voltage flickers estimation In transformer station
supplying nonlinear load with 12-pulse converter, Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 78 (2005), nr 2, s. 29-32.
2. Dzienis W., Badanie jakoĞci energii elektrycznej
na szynach zbiorczych SN w podstacjach trakcyjnych,
Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziaáu Elektrotechniki i Automatyki
Politechniki GdaĔskiej, 2010, nr 27, s. 49-54.
3. SkliĔski R., Dzienis W., Obliczanie odksztaácenia prądu i napiĊcia na szynach zbiorczych SN podstacji
trakcyjnych z 12-pulsowymi zespoáami prostownikowymi, WiadomoĞci Elektrotechniczne, 2010. nr
8, s. 3-9.
4. EN 61000-4-30: Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) – Part 4-30: Testing and Measuring Techniques
- Power Quality Measurement Methods.
5. EN 50160: Voltage characteristics of electricity
supplied by public electricity networks.
6. Rozporządzenia Ministra Gospodarki z dnia 4
maja 2007 roku, w sprawie szczegóáowych warunków
funkcjonowania
systemu
elektroenergetycznego.
Dziennik Ustaw nr 93 z dnia 29 maja 2007 r., poz. 623.
7. ȽɈɋɌ 13109-97. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ.
ɇɨɪɦɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɧɮɨɪɦ, 1997. – 60 ɫ.
8. Zhezhelenko
I.V.,
Shidlovskiy
A.K.,
Pivnyak G.G., Sayenko Y.L. Electromagnetic compatibility in electric power supply systems. – Textbook for
institution of higher education. 2nd edition. – D.: National Mining University, 2013. – 239 p.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ 17.09.2014.
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɉɚɧɚɫɟɧɤɨ ɇ. ȼ.
ȅȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȚȧȋȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȐȗȐȟȕȣȔ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȍȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȖȏȌȈȍȚ ȗȖȔȍȝȐ Ȋ ȗȐȚȈȦȡȍȑ șȍȚȐ Ȋ ȊȐȌȍ
ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȐȑ ȚȖȒȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȑ. Ǫ șȚȈȚȤȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒ
ȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ, ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȠȐȕȈȝ 110 ȒǪ Ȑ 15 ȒǪ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌșȚȈȕȞȐȐ. ǷȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȖ
ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒ ȔȍȎȌț șȍȚȧȔȐ 15 Ȑ 110 ȒǪ, ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ
ȔȖȎȕȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȊȣȊȖȌ, ȟȚȖ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ 15 ȒǪ ȊȣȏȊȈȕȖ ȚȧȋȖȊȖȑ ȕȈȋȘțȏȒȖȑ, Ȉ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȖ ȊȣșȠȐȔȐ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒȈȔȐ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȣȔȐ Ȍȓȧ 12-ȐȔȗțȓȤșȕȣȝ ȗȘȍȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ. Ǫ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, Ȋ
șȍȚȐ 110 ȒǪ ȚȖȒȐ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȐȌȍȕȚȐȟȕȣȑ șȖșȚȈȊ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒ, ȟȚȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȐșȒȈȎȍȕȐȧȝ,
șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ Ȋȕȍ ȐșșȓȍȌțȍȔȖȑ ȗȖȌșȚȈȕȞȐȐ. ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖșȚȤ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȊ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȋȘȈȜȐȒȖȔ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒ ȚȖȒȈ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȧ ș ȖȉȍȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ
ȚȘȈȕșȜȖȘȔȈȚȖȘȈ 110/15 ȒǪ, ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ ȌȖȔȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȣșȠȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ
ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȈ, ȊȓȐȧȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȈ ȚȖȒ Ȑ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ.
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
54
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
електропостачання / power supply
DzȓȦȟȍȊȣȍ șȓȖȊȈ: ȚȧȋȖȊȈȧ ȕȈȋȘțȏȒȈ, ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȖ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȐ, ȚȖȒ, ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ, ȊȣșȠȐȍ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȐȒȐ.
ɍȾɄ 621.311
Ɋ. ɉȺȼȿɅȿɄ (ɅɈȾɁɂɇɋɖɄɂɃ ɌȿɏɇȱɑɇɂɃ ɍɇȱȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ, ɉɈɅɖɓȺ),
ɘ. Ʌ. ɋȺȯɇɄɈ(ɉȾɌɍ, ɍɄɊȺȲɇȺ)
ǬȍȘȎȈȊȕȐȑ ȊȐȡȐȑ ȕȈȊȟȈȓȤȕȐȑ ȏȈȒȓȈȌ «ǷȘȐȈȏȖȊșȤȒȐȑ ȌȍȘȎȈȊȕȐȑ ȚȍȝȕȭȟȕȐȑ țȕȭȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚ»,
Ȋțȓ. ǻȕȭȊȍȘșȐȚȍȚșȤȒȈ, 7, ǴȈȘȭțȗȖȓȤ, ǻȒȘȈȮȕȈ, 87500, Țȍȓ.: (0629) 44-65-51, ȍȓ. ȗȖȠȚȈ: yls@mail.ru
ȼɉɅɂȼ ɌəȽɈȼɂɏ ɇȺȼȺɇɌȺɀȿɇɖ ɇȺ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɂ
ȿɅȿɄɌɊɈɉɈɋɌȺɑȺɇɇə
ǭȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȕȈ ȚȧȋȈ ȫ ȚȐȗȖȊȐȔ șȗȖȎȐȊȈȟȍȔ, ȧȒȐȑ șȚȊȖȘȦȫ ȗȍȘȍȠȒȖȌȐ Ȋ ȔȍȘȍȎȭ ȎȐȊȓȍȕȕȧ ț ȊȐȋȓȧȌȭ șȗȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȤ șȚȘțȔȭȊ ȭ ȕȈȗȘțȋ. ǻ șȚȈȚȚȭ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȖ ȈȕȈȓȭȏ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȭȊ ȊȐȔȭȘȦȊȈȕȤ ȊȐȡȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒ șȚȘțȔț ȭ ȕȈȗȘțȋȐ, ȊȐȒȖȕȈȕȐȝ ȕȈ ȠȐȕȈȝ 110 ȒǪ ȭ 15 ȒǪ ȘȖȏȗȖȌȭȓȤȟȖȮ ȗȭȌșȚȈȕȞȭȮ. ǷȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȖ ȌȖșȓȭȌȎȍȕȕȧ ȘȖȏȗȖȌȭȓț ȊȐȡȐȝ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒ ȔȭȎ ȔȍȘȍȎȈȔȐ 15 ȭ 110 ȒǪ, ȗȭșȓȧ ȊȐȒȖȕȈȕȕȧ ȧȒȖȋȖ ȔȖȎȕȈ ȏȘȖȉȐȚȐ ȊȐșȕȖȊȖȒ, ȡȖ șȗȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȧ ȕȈȗȘțȋȐ ȏ ȉȖȒț 15 ȒǪ ȊȐȒȓȐȒȈȕȖ ȚȧȋȖȊȐȔ ȕȈȊȈȕȚȈȎȍȕȕȧȔ, Ȉ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȖ ȊȐȡȐȔȐ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒȈȔȐ, ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȐȔȐ
Ȍȓȧ 12-ȭȔȗțȓȤșȕȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȚȊȖȘȦȊȈȟȭȊ. ǻ șȊȖȦ ȟȍȘȋț, Ȋ ȔȍȘȍȎȭ 110 ȒǪ șȚȘțȔȐ ȭ ȕȈȗȘțȋȐ ȕȍ ȔȈȦȚȤ ȭȌȍȕȚȐȟȕȐȑ
șȒȓȈȌ ȊȐȡȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒ, ȡȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȗȘȖ șȗȖȚȊȖȘȍȕȕȧ, ȗȖȊ'ȧȏȈȕȭ ȏ șȗȖȎȐȊȈȟȈȔȐ, ȧȒȭ ȏȕȈȝȖȌȧȚȤșȧ ȗȖȏȈ ȌȖșȓȭȌȎțȊȈȕȖȦ ȗȭȌșȚȈȕȞȫȦ. ǹȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȭșȚȤ ȖȚȘȐȔȈȕȐȝ ȊȐșȕȖȊȒȭȊ ȈȘȋțȔȍȕȚțȫȚȤșȧ ȋȘȈȜȭȒȖȔ ȗȖȘȭȊȕȧȕȕȧ ȊȐȡȐȝ
ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒ șȚȘțȔț ȭ ȕȈȗȘțȋȐ ȏ ȖȉȖȝ șȚȖȘȭȕ ȚȘȈȕșȜȖȘȔȈȚȖȘȈ 110/15 ȒǪ, ȕȈ ȧȒȖȔț ȊȭȌȖȉȘȈȎțȫȚȤșȧ ȌȖȔȭȕțȊȈȕȕȧ
ȊȐȡȐȝ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒ ȗȍȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒț Ȋ ȏȈȓȍȎȕȖșȚȭ ȊȭȌ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȈ, ȡȖ ȊȗȓȐȊȈȫ ȕȈ șȚȘțȔ ȭ ȕȈȗȘțȋț.
DzȓȦȟȖȊȭ șȓȖȊȈ: ȚȧȋȖȊȍ ȕȈȊȈȕȚȈȎȍȕȕȧ, ȧȒȭșȚȤ ȍȓȍȒȚȘȐȟȕȖȮ ȍȕȍȘȋȭȮ, șȚȘțȔ, ȕȈȗȘțȋȈ, ȊȐȡȭ ȋȈȘȔȖȕȭȒȐ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɋɢɱɟɧɤɨ ȼ. Ƚ.
Ɂɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɣ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ ɉɚɧɚɫɟɧɤɨ Ɇ. ȼ.
UDC 621.311
R. PAVELEK (LODZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, POLAND),
YU. L. SAENKO (ASTU, UKRAINE)
State higher education institution «Azov State Technical University», 7 Universitetskaya Street, Mariupol,
Ukraine, 87500, tel.: (0629) 44-65-51, e-mail: yls@mail.ru
THE INFLUENCE OF TRACTION LOADS ON THE POWER
SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Electric traction is typical consumer who creates obstacles in the power supply in the form of distortion of
currents and voltages. The paper presents the analysis of the results of measurements of higher harmonics of
current and voltage performed on tires 110 kV and 15 kV distribution substation. A study of the distribution
networks of higher harmonics between 15 and 110 kV, after executing it can be concluded that the distortion of
the voltage 15 kV traction caused by stress, specifically higher harmonics characteristic of 12-pulse converters.
In turn, the network 110 kV voltage and currents have identical composition of higher harmonics, which
indicates the distortion associated with consumers beyond the investigated stations. The validity of these
findings and discusses the schedule comparison of higher harmonics of current and voltage on both sides of the
transformer 110/15 kV, which displayed the dominance of higher harmonics particular order, depending on the
factors affecting the current and voltage.
Keywords: traction load, power quality, current, voltage, higher harmonics.
Internal reviewer Sichenko V. G.
External reviewer Panasenko M. V.
© ɉɚɜɟɥɟɤ Ɋ., ɋɚɟɧɤɨ ɘ. Ʌ., 2014
ISSN 2307-4221 Електрифікація транспорту, № 8. - 2014.
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