A+ College Ready Biology Unit 2 Summative Assessment Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. If the undersides of the leaves of a plant were coated in Vaseline, which of the following statements would explain why photosynthesis would not occur? A. Light wouldn’t reach the chloroplasts B. The leaves would be unable to take in carbon dioxide C. The roots would not be able to absorb water D. The roots would be unable to take in fertilizer 2. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes? A. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. B. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy. C. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. D. all of the above 3. Bubbles form in Test Tube A after a 20-minute exposure to light. Which of the following gases produced by the plant would most likely be found in the bubbles? A. Nitrogen B. Water C. Carbon dioxide D. Oxygen 4. During which time interval is the enzyme working at its maximum velocity? a. 0-30 sec. b. 30-60 sec. c. 60-120 sec. d. 120-360 sec. 5. If the y coordinate at 60 seconds is 4 and the y coordinate at 30 seconds is 3, what is the rate of the reaction between t=30 and t=60 seconds? a. .066moles/sec b. .033moles/sec c. 1.0 moles sec d. 4 moles/sec 6. The graph above would most likely represent which of the following animals? a. The graph would most likely represent a lizard because lizards are ectotherms and maintain a constant internal temperature regardless of the external temperature. b. The graph would most likely represent a squirrel because squirrels are endotherms and maintain a constant internal temperature regardless of the external temperature. c. The graph would most likely represent a squirrel because squirrels are ectotherms. The internal temperature of a squirrel varies with the external temperature. d. The graph would most likely represent a lizard because lizards are ectotherms. The internal temperature of a lizard varies with the external temperature. 7. If 8000 joules of energy are available to the primary producer level of a food chain, approximately how many joules of energy are transmitted to the secondary consumer trophic level? a. b. c. d. 8000 joules 800 joules 80 joules 1600 joules 8. Which of the lines shown above represents the metabolic pattern of a typical lizard and why? a. Line A best represents the metabolic pattern of a lizard because a lizard’s metabolic rate drops with increases in temperature. b. Line B best represents the metabolic pattern of a lizard because a lizard’s metabolic rate drops with increases in temperature. c. Line A best represents the metabolic pattern of a lizard because a lizard’s metabolic rate increases with increases in temperature. d. Line B best represents the metabolic pattern of a lizard because a lizard’s metabolic rate increases with increases in temperature. 9. Which of the following occurs in a normal plant? a. photosynthesis only b. aerobic cellular respiration only c. neither photosynthesis nor aerobic cellular respiration d. both photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration 10. Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae (a producer) with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups of bacteria were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? a. Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. b. Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. c. Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most available oxygen. d. Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. 11. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? a. Respiration is the reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. b. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. c. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. d. ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. 12. Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during a. photosynthesis b. respiration c. both photosynthesis and respiration d. neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 13. Most of the mass of the sugar molecules contained within a plant originated from which of the following sources? a. water b. light c. carbon dioxide d. oxygen gas 14. The products of aerobic cellular respiration are a. also the products of photosynthesis. b. also the products of anaerobic cellular respiration. c. the reactants for photosynthesis. d. the reactants for all metabolic processes within the cell. 15. Energy is ____________ through a food chain, while matter is _____________ through the food chain. a. cycled; transferred b. transferred; cycled c. used up; constructed d. constructed; used up 16. Which process is most directly driven by light energy from the sun? a. creation of a hydrogen ion gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane b. construction of glucose molecules c. movement of electrons from chlorophyll across the cytochrome complex. d. ATP synthesis 17. A 9th grade Biology student performed a lab in which 5 paper disks, soaked in varying concentrations of catalase, were placed into a solution of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is an enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. The paper disks initially sink, but as the oxygen gas builds up on the surface of the paper disks they begin to float. The student timed how long it took for all of the disks to float in each of the different concentrations. The data table below displays the collected data. What effect did the catalase concentration have on the amount of time needed for all of the disks to float and why? a. An increased catalase concentration caused the amount of time to be higher because the solution for too concentrated. b. An increased catalase concentration caused the amount of time to be lower because the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) was more likely to bind to the enzyme (catalase) when a higher concentration was present. c. An increased catalase concentration caused the amount of time to be higher because the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) was more likely to bind to the enzyme (catalase) when a higher concentration was present. d. An increased catalase concentration caused the amount of time to be lower because the solution was too concentrated. 18. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of the catalase/hydrogen peroxide reaction. What effect would the addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride have on the time needed for the 100% catalase disks to float and why? a. The amount of time would increase because hydroxylamine hydrochloride interferes with the binding of the hydrogen peroxide and the catalase. b. The amount of time would decrease because hydroxylamine hydrochloride interferes with the binding of the hydrogen peroxide and the catalase. c. The amount of time would increase because hydroxylamine hydrochloride encourages the binding of the catalase and the hydrogen peroxide. d. The amount of time would decrease because hydroxylamine hydrochloride encourages the binding of the catalase and the hydrogen peroxide. 19. Which is most similar to the process of competitive inhibition? a. When you are about to park your car in your spot, a bulldozer comes along and smashes your car away from the spot. b. When you arrive at work in the morning, you are unable to park your car in your assigned parking spot because someone has placed a giant cement block in front of the entrance to the parking lot. c. When you arrive at work in the morning, you are unable to park your car in your assigned parking spot because the car of the person next to you has taken up just enough space that you cannot fit your own car in. d. When you arrive at work in the morning, you are unable to park your car in your parking spot, because someone with a car almost exactly like yours has already taken your spot, leaving you nowhere to park your car. 20. The “lock and key” model of enzyme action illustrates that a particular enzyme molecule a. forms a permanent enzyme-substrate complex. b. may be destroyed and resynthesized several times. c. interacts only with a specific type of substrate molecule. d. reacts at identical rates under all conditions with all substrates. 21. The diagram above depicts the absorption spectrum of two slightly different forms of chlorophyll (a & b). Using this information, you can infer that plants are green because: a. Plants reflect blues and reds, therefore green is the only color left. b. Plants absorb the blue and red wavelengths well, but reflect the green light. We see the colors that are reflected off an object. c. Plants absorb green light the best. This causes the plants to appear green. d. The blue and red lights that reflect off a plant combine to appear green. 22. A florist decided to try growing his plants under only green lights. What is the most likely outcome of this attempt? a. The plants will die because they normally use the energy from the absorbed red and blue light to build sugars. b. The plants will grow very fast because they are able to efficiently use the green light to build carbohydrates. c. The plants will be unaffected. Most plants grow equally well under all different colors of light. d. It is impossible to make an educated guess. Different plants will yield very different results. 23. In both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, energy is either directly added to (photosynthesis) or taken away from (cellular respiration) sugars through the movement of which particles? a. photons b. lipids c. neutrons d. electrons 24. The oxygen gas which is released by plants during photosynthesis is generated from the breakdown of which reactant? a. carbon dioxide b. glucose c. ATP d. water 25. After the completion of aerobic cellular respiration, most of the mass of the original glucose reactant molecule is contained in which product molecule? a. ATP b. water c. carbon dioxide d. starch Short Answer FRQ: 26. A simplified carbon cycle diagram is included above. Identify the key metabolic process indicated by “I” and the key metabolic process indicated by “II”. Explain how each of the processes promotes the movement of carbon through the cycle. Focus on the role of energy in the movement of the carbon. Long Answer FRQ: 27. An experiment was conducted to measure the reaction rate of the human enzyme amylase. Ten mL of a concentrated starch solution (the substrate) and 1.0 mL of amylase solution (the enzyme) were placed into a test tube. The test tube was inverted several times to mix the solution and then incubated at 25 degrees Celsius. The amount of product (maltose) present from the breakdown of the starch was measured every 10 minutes for an hour. The results are given in the table below: a. Graph the data and calculate the rate of the reaction between t=0 and t=30 minutes. b. Explain why a change in the reaction rate was observed after 30 minutes. c. Identify two environmental factors that can change the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Discuss how each of the factors affect the reaction rate of an enzyme.
