IPv4
• 192.168.1.1 /24 (Total 32 bits and each octect of 8 bits)
• 11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 00000001
• Last octet for the host can go from 1 – 254, being .0 is network and .255 being
the broadcast address.
• From this we knew that 24 bits are in network portion and remaining 8 bits are in
host portion and this is the default subnet mask of class C address of IPv4 which
is 255.255.255.0
IPv4 vs IPv6
• The total number of IPv4 and IPv6 address will be calculated as : • 232 = 4,29,49,67,296
• 2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
• All IPv6 addresses cannot be converted into IPv4 addresses.
IPv6
• 2001:0db8:0000:0000:a111:b222:c333:abcd (each hextet of 16 bits and Total of
128 bits)
• For each position in the hextet consists of 4 bits : • Like : - 2001 is made up of 0010 0000 0000 0001 binary digits.
• Like : - 0db8 is made up of 0000 1101 1011 1000 binary digits.
IPv6
• 2001:0db8:0000:0000:a111:b222:c333:abcd /64
• We can also write this address in short if there are zeroes in between : • 2001:0db8::a111:b222:c333:abcd /64
• If c333 is relaced with 0000, then we cannot use :: 2 times, then we will have to
write it as like this (because how computer will know from where 8 zeroes and 4
zeroes are missing):• 2001:db8::a111:b222:0:abcd /64
• Example :- 2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:1a2b
• can be abbreviated as 2001:db8:3c4d:15::1a2f:1a2b
• Example :- You can use the two colon notation to replace any contiguous fields of
all zeros in the IPv6 address. For example, the IPv6 address
• 2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:d234::3eee:0000
• can be collapsed into 2001:db8:3c4d:15:0:d234:3eee::.
• Another example :- 2041:0000:140F:0000:0000:0000:875B:131B
• Short: 2041:0000:140F::875B:131B
IPv6
• This is the Global Unicast Address (Just like IPv4 public address):• 2001:0db8:0000:0000:a111:b222:c333:abcd
• Being global prefix in red of 48 bits, 16 bits of subnet ID in green and 64 bits of
hosts ID in blue.
IPv4 to IPv6
• This is the First Method :• 192.168.25.234
• 11000000 . 10101000 . 00011001 . 11101010
• 1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 1001 1110 1010
• C
0
A
8
1
9
E
A
• The IPv6 address will be C0A8:19EA
IPv4 to IPv6
• This is the Second Method : • 192.168.99.1
• We are going to divide each octect by 16 : • 192/16 = 12 (16 * 12 = 192 and 0 left), it will be written as C.
• 168/16 = 10 (16 * 10 = 160 and 8 left), it will be written as A8.
• 99/16 = 6 (16 * 6 = 96 and 3 left), it will be written as 63.
• 1/16 = 0 (16 * 0 = 0 and 1 left) it will be written as 01.
• The IPv6 address will be C0A8:6301
IPv6 to IPv4
• C0A8:19EA
• We will first write the binary digits for the Hextets: • 1100 0000 1010 1000 0001 1001 1110 1010
• Now we have to make the pairs of 8 : • 192.168.25.234
IPv6 to IPv4
• C0A8:6301
• We can multiply with 16 to get the IPv4 address : • C =12, so 16 * 12 = 192 and 0 after C, so no value will be added to 192.
• A = 10, so 16 * 10 = 160 and 8 after A, so 160 + 8 = 168.
• 6, so 16 * 6 = 96 and 3 after 6, so 96 + 3 = 99.
• 0, so 16 * 0 = 0 and 1 after 0, so 0 + 1 = 1.
• 192.168.99.1
TYPES OF IPv6
• Global Unicast
2000::/3
Publicly Routable
• Unique Local
FC00::/7
Routable in the LAN
• Link Local
FE80::/10
Not Routable
• Multicast
FF00::/8
Addresses for groups
• Anycast
2000::/3
Shared Address
Questions
Convert these addresses to IPv6 :• Q1) 122.177.118.138
• Q2) 129.146.87.188
• Q3) 192.88.99.1
Convert these addresses to IPv4 :• Q1) c0a8:0101
• Q2) ac10:fe01
• Q3) 1e14:0a01