Chemistry Fundamental ideas – Core Questions Questions you should know from year 7 1 2 3 4 5 Question What is a particle? What is an atom? 6 7 What is a subatomic particle? What are the three subatomic particles? How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? What is between the nucleus and the shells? How can atoms be different to each other? 8 9 10 11 How many different atoms are there? What is an element? What is a chemical symbol? What is the periodic table of the elements? 12 13 What is a chemical bond? What is a compound? 14 What is a molecule? 15 What is a mixture? 16 17 What is a solution? What is a molecular substance? 18 What is a giant substance? 19 Name five molecular substances 20 What is a chemical formula? 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 What do the small numbers in a chemical formula represent? What is the chemical formula for hydrogen? What is the chemical formula for oxygen? What is the chemical formula for water? What is the chemical formula for methane? What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide? What is the chemical formula for nitrogen? What is air? 29 What is a chemical reaction? 30 What observations are proof of chemical reactions? What is a word equation? 31 Answer An incredibly tiny object A particle made of protons, neutrons and electrons A particle smaller than an atom Protons, neutrons and electrons Protons and neutrons in a nucleus, electrons are found outside the nucleus in shells Nothing – empty space In the number of protons, neutrons and electrons they have 118 A substance made up of only one type of atom A universal code which represents an element A table showing the names and symbols of all the different types of elements A strong connection between two atoms A substance made of atoms of different elements chemically bonded together Between 2 and about 100 atoms chemically bonded together Different objects together but not chemically bonded When a substance dissolves in a liquid A substance made of lots molecules which are not bonded to each other A substance made of billions of atoms chemically bonded together Hydrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and methane A combination of symbols and small numbers which tells you which atoms are in a substance The number of a certain element in a substance H2 O2 H2O CH4 CO2 N2 A mixture of molecules, mostly oxygen and nitrogen A process where atoms are rearranged into new substances Colour changes, change in temperature, release of a gas A way using the names of substances to show 32 What are reactants? 33 What are products? 34 What is a property? 35 How are the properties of a compound dependent on the properties of the elements which make them up? What is the law of conservation of mass? 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 what is occurring during a chemical reaction The substances which you start with in a chemical reaction The substances which you end up with in a chemical reaction The way something behaves, e.g. colour, magnetic They are not related at all Atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, they are just rearranged. In the reaction carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide, Because carbon dioxide is a gas, so it escapes to why does the mass decrease? the surroundings In the reaction magnesium + oxygen magnesium Because oxygen atoms are being added to the oxide, why does the mass increase? magnesium ones What is a symbol equation? Using the symbols for substances to show what is occurring during a chemical reaction What is a balanced equation? A symbol equation where all the reactant atoms have become product atoms What is a state of matter? Whether a substance is a solid, liquid or a gas What is the name of the process of turning a solid Melting into a liquid? What is the name of the process of turning a liquid Boiling into a gas? What is the name of the process of turning a gas Condensing into a liquid? What is the name of the process of turning a liquid Freezing into a solid? What is boiling point?2 The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. Or when a gas turns into a liquid. What is melting point? The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. Or when a liquid turns into a gas. What is a physical change? A change of state What is the difference between a chemical change In a physical change, the atoms are not and a physical change? rearranged to make new substances What is a solvent? A substance capable of dissolving another substance What is a solute? A substance that is capable of dissolving What is a solution? The mixture produced when a solute dissolves in a solvent What does soluble mean? It dissolves in a solvent What does insoluble mean? It will not dissolve in a solvent Chemistry Fundamental ideas – Core Questions Year 8 Question How can you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid? How can you separate a soluble solid from a liquid? How can you separate a mixture of dyes What are the key steps in distillation? Why do inks separate in chromatography? How are elements arranged in the periodic table? What are the columns called? What are the rows called? Why is it called the periodic table? Who developed the periodic table? How is the modern periodic table arranged differently to Mendeleev’s table? What is the mass of a proton? What is the mass of a neutron? What is the mass of an electron? What is an isotope? What is the charge on a proton? What is the charge on a neutron? What is the charge on an electron? What is the overall charge on an atom? Why do atoms have no overall charge? How many electrons are in each shell Which shell is filled first and why Draw the electronic configuration for lithium, sodium, potassium, fluorine, chlorine How does the group number link to electronic configuration? How does the period number link to electronic configuration? What is group 1 called? What is group 7 called? What is group 0 called? What is the middle block of the periodic table called? Name the gas produced when group 1 metals react with water Why are group 1 metals called the alkali metals? Answer Filtration Distillation Chromatography Heating, evaporation, cooling, condensing Because of their mass and solubility By increasing number of protons. groups period Because similar properties occur at regular intervals (or periods) Mendeleev The modern periodic table is arranged by atomic number, previous versions were arranged by atomic mass 1 1 0 or very small An element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons + 0 0 The number of protons equals the number of electrons 2, 8, 8 The innermost shell as it is the lowest energy level Number of electrons on the outer shell Number of shells Alkali metals Halogens Nobel gases Transition metals hydrogen Because the metal hydroxide is formed which is an What happens to the reactivity of group 1 metals as you go down the group Why do group 1 metals react in a similar way with water? What is the products formed when group 1 metals react with oxygen? What is the product formed when group 1 metals react with chlorine? What happens to the boiling points of group 1 metals as you go down the group? What happens to the mass of the atoms as you go down group 1? Why do group 7 have similar properties What happens to the boiling points of group 7 metals as you go down the group? What happens to the mass of the atoms as you go down group 7? Why are group 0 unreactive? alkali They get more reactive They all have 1 electron on the outer shell Metal oxide Metal chloride Decrease Increases They all have 7 electrons on the outer shell Increases Increases They have no tendency to lose or gain electrons as they have a full outer shell.
