doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.04032012
Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance with Inlet Air Cooling
Techniques Applied to Brazilian Sites
Ana Paula Santos1, Cláudia R. Andrade2,*
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LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE
Abbreviations
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
TIT
Turbine Inlet Temperature
TIC
Turbine Inlet Cooling
Symbols
Cp
Units
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COP
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h
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Qǜ
r
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6SHFL¿FHQWKDOS\
Heat rate
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3UHVVXUH
3UHVVXUHGURS
+HDWWUDQVIHUUDWH
&RPSUHVVRUSUHVVXUHUDWLR
Temperature
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Wet-bulb temperature
Power output
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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
[kJ/kg]
[kJ/kg]
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[-]
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[kgwater/kgair]
Subscripts
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Total
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345
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100% RH
40
.020
60% RH
35
Enthalpy
30
Btu Per Pound
of Dry Air
.015
Evaporative
Cooling Process
40% RH
25
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Humidity
20% RH
20
Inlet Chilling
Process
15
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10% RH
°C 4
.000
16
27
38
Dry Bulb Temperature
49
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
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116
ISO Conditions:
T = 15 °C
I = 60 %
112
108
104
100
[%]
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LQ.DNDUDVHW aO DQG'H/XFLDHW aO 96
92
88
84
TIT = 1385 K
Heat rate
Power output
80
76
72
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
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346
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31.0
8.0
TIT = 1385 K
I = 60%
H = 0.95
H = 0.90
H = 0.85
7.0
6.5
30.5
30.0
Thermal efficiency [%]
7.5
'T [°C]
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.5
3.5
26.5
3.0
26.0
2.5
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
25.5
48
TIT = 1385 K
H = 0.90
I = 18%
I = 60%
Base-Case
27.0
4
8
12
16
Intake temperature [°C]
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24
28
32
40
44
48
WKHUPDOHI¿FLHQF\HPSOR\LQJHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJV\VWHP
40
42
41
39
32
TIT = 1385 K
Absorption chiller: I = 18% and 60%
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90 and I = 18%
38
28
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90 and I = 60%
36
40
37
24
'T [°C]
36
35
34
33
20
16
12
32
TIT = 1385 K
H = 0.90
I = 18%
I = 60%
Base-case
31
30
29
28
27
36
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temperature drop.
Power output [MW]
20
Intake temperature [°C]
4
8
12
16
8
4
0
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
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-4
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature[°C]
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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
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FKLOOHUV\VWHPZLWKKLJK&23SURYLGHVDUHOHYDQWJDVWXUELQH
SRZHULPSURYHPHQWLWUHTXLUHVDOVRDKLJKFRVWLQYHVWPHQW
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40
39
39
38
38
37
36
Power output [MW]
Power output [MW]
37
35
34
33
32
31
TIT = 1385 K
Absorption chiller: I = 18%
Absorption chiller: I = 60%
Base-case
30
29
28
27
36
35
34
33
31
30
4
8
12
16
20
TIT = 1385 K
I = 60 %
COP = 7.0
COP = 4.5
COP = 2.0
32
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
4
8
12
16
)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHJDVWXUELQH
30.5
39
30.0
38
32
36
40
44
48
37
29.0
Power output [MW]
Thermal efficiency [%]
28
&23 RQJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXW
29.5
28.5
28.0
27.5
27.0
TIT = 1385 K
Absorption chiller: I = 18%
Absorption chiller: I = 60%
Base-case
26.5
26.0
4
8
12
16
20
24
36
35
34
33
TIT = 1385 K
I = 60 %
COP = 7.0
COP = 4.5
COP = 2.0
32
31
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature[°C]
)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHJDVWXUELQH
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348
24
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25.5
20
Intake temperature [°C]
Intake temperature[°C]
30
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
)LJXUH (IIHFWRIPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUFRHI¿FLHQWRISHUIRUPDQFH
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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
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39.0
38.5
Power output [MW]
38.0
37.5
37.0
36.5
36.0
TIT = 1385 K
COP = 4.5
I = 18%
I = 60%
35.5
35.0
34.5
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHJDVWXUELQHWKHUPDO
HI¿FLHQF\HPSOR\LQJPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUFRROLQJV\VWHP
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obtained at I ,WFDQEHDOVRREVHUYHGWKDWWKHHYDSRUDWHGPDVVÀRZZDWHU
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WKHLQWDNHDPELHQWGHZSRLQWWHPSHUDWXUHLVLQIHULRUWRWKH
SUH¿[HGFRPSUHVVRULQOHWWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKHVHWZRFRROLQJ
PHWKRGVZKLFKRFFXUVDWLQWDNHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHKLJKHU
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7KH JDV 7,& PHWKRGV KDYH D FRROLQJ ORDG UHSUHVHQWHG
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E\ WKH ZHWEXOE WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH LQWDNH DLU OHDGLQJ WR D
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FRROLQJORDGVVXSHULRUWRWKHHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJPHWKRGGXH
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DQGPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRGV%HVLGHVWKLVVHQVLEOHFRROLQJORDGWKHUHLVDODWHQWKHDWWUDQVIHUSDUFHOUHJDUGLQJWRWKH
FRQGHQVHGPDVVÀRZZDWHU )LJ 1RWLFHWKDWIRUWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUWHFKQLTXHWKHFRROLQJ ORDG UHTXLUHG WR FRRO WKH LQWDNH DLU WHPSHUDWXUH XQWLO
ƒ&FRPHVIURPWKHJDVWXUELQHJDVHVH[KDXVWDQGLWLVQR
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WKDWSHQDOL]HVWKHJDVWXUELQHQHWSRZHURXWSXW
1.2
6.5
ma = 141.16 kg/s
TET = 1385 °C
I = 18%
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
1.0
Mass flow water [kg/s]
0.9
0.8
6.0
5.0
4.5
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0.2
1.0
0.1
0.5
0.0
-0.1
TIT = 1385 K
I = 18 %
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
Absorption chiller
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
5.5
Cooling load [MW]
1.1
0.0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHHYDSRUDWHG
DQGFRQGHQVHGPDVVÀRZZDWHU
-0.5
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHFRROLQJORDG
RIHYDSRUDWLYHDQGFKLOOHUVFRROLQJV\VWHPV
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
349
6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5
)LJXUH DOVR VKRZV WKDW WKH DGYDQWDJH RI FRPSUHVVRU
LQOHWFRROLQJPHWKRGLQLPSURYLQJJDVWXUELQHSHUIRUPDQFH
RQFH DOO WHVWHG FRROLQJ V\VWHPV UHVXOWV LQ SRZHU RXWSXW
DXJPHQWDWLRQ LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK %DVH&DVH FDVH ZLWKRXW
FRROLQJ $VVKRZQLQ)LJWKLVLQFUHDVHLQSRZHURXWSXW
DQGWKHUPDOHI¿FLHQF\UHVXOWVLVOHVVHIIHFWLYHZKHQWKHLQWDNH
DLUWHPSHUDWXUHHOHYDWHVIRUWKHWKUHHFRROLQJPHWKRGV
$WORZHULQWDNHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHVWKHWZRFKLOOHUWHFKQRORJLHVKDYHDVLPLODUEHKDYLRU )LJVDQG +RZHYHU
DV WKH LQOHW DLU WHPSHUDWXUH LQFUHDVHV WKH PHFKDQLFDO FKLOOHU
HI¿FLHQF\ ZKLFKLVGHWHUPLQHGE\LWV&23YDOXH LWLPSRVHVD
JDVWXUELQHUHGXFWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHZKLOHWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
SURYLGHVDFRQVWDQWSRZHURXWSXWDQGWKHUPDOHI¿FLHQF\UHVXOWV
*DV WXUELQH SHUIRUPDQFH ZDV WHVWHG IRU WZR GLIIHUHQW
JHRJUDSKLF VLWHV DV LQGLFDWHG LQ 7DEOH 7KH DQDO\VLV LV
SHUIRUPHG FRPSXWLQJ WKH DYHUDJH PRQWKO\ PD[LPXP GU\
EXOEWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDYHUDJHPRQWKO\UHODWLYHKXPLGLW\RYHU
\HDUV H[WUDFWHG IURP DXWRPDWLF PHWHRURORJLFDO
VWDWLRQDFFRUGLQJWR,10(7 $WWKLVSURFHGXUHWKH
GDLO\FROOHFWHGDFWXDOGDWD PD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDYHUDJHUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\ ZHUHWUHDWHGWRFDOFXODWHDQDYHUDJH
PRQWKO\YDOXHRYHUWKHDQDO\]HG\HDUV
Table 2. *HRJUDSKLFVLWHV
Site
&DPSRV5-%UD]LO
$OWLWXGH>P@
Latitude [°]
Longitude [°]
3UHVVXUH>N3D@
*RLkQLD*2%UD]LO
25.0
- 41.34
101.25
&DPSRV LV D FRDVW FLW\ ZLWK KLJKHU DYHUDJH PD[LPXP
WHPSHUDWXUHVRFFXUULQJGXULQJWKHVXPPHUPRQWKV ƒ& LQ'HFHPEHUWR0DUFKDQGORZHURQHVRFFXUULQJLQ-XQHWR
$XJXVW aƒ& DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHDYHUDJHUHODWLYLW\KXPLGLW\OHYHOLVKLJKGXULQJDOO\HDUUHDFKLQJDOPRVW
LQ$SULO )LJ 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG *RLkQLD LV D SODQQHG FLW\ ORFDWHG DW
WKH FHQWUDO UHJLRQ RI WKH %UD]LO ZLWK PD[LPXP DYHUDJH
42
34.0
33.5
40
33.0
32.5
Ambient temperature [°C]
Power output [MW]
38
36
34
32
TIT = 1385 K
I = 18%
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Compression chiller: COP = 4.5
Base case
30
28
26
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32.0
31.5
31.0
30.5
30.0
29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.5
32
36
40
44
27.0
48
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
Intake temperature [°C]
80
30.0
79
29.5
78
Relative humidity [%]
Thermal efficiency [%]
81
30.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
TIT = 1385 K
I = 18 %
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Compression chiller: COP = 4.5
Base-case
26.0
25.5
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
OCT
NOV
DEC
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
32
36
40
44
48
Intake temperature [°C]
)LJXUH &RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHJDVWXUELQHWKHUPDOHI¿FLHQF\
IRUHDFKVLPXODWHGFRROLQJWHFKQLTXHV
350
SEP
RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV
31.0
26.5
AUG
)LJXUH &DPSRV¶VVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH
HDFKVLPXODWHGFRROLQJWHFKQLTXHV
27.0
JUL
Months
)LJXUH &RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXWIRU
27.5
JUN
70
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV DEC
Months
)LJXUH &DPSRV¶VVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\
RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
$QDO\VLVRI*DV7XUELQH3HUIRUPDQFHZLWK,QOHW$LU&RROLQJ7HFKQLTXHV$SSOLHGWR%UD]LOLDQ6LWHV
WHPSHUDWXUHV ƒ& RFFXUULQJGXULQJ$XJXVWWR2FWREHU
)RUWKHRWKHUPRQWKVWKHWHPSHUDWXUHLVLQWKHƒ&
UDQJH DV SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ 'LIIHUHQWO\ RI &DPSRV FLW\
WKLVVLWHKDVORZHUDYHUDJHUHODWLYLW\KXPLGLW\OHYHOV )LJ )RUH[DPSOHWKHFROOHFWHGYDOXHLQ$XJXVWZDVDURXQG
DJDLQVWREWDLQHGIRUWKH&DPSRV¶VVLWH7KLVIDFWZLOOEH
LPSRUWDQWZKHQWKHFRROLQJPHWKRGVZLOOEHWHVWHGPDLQO\IRU
WKHHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJZKLFKLVVWURQJO\GHSHQGHQWIURPWKH
UHODWLYHKXPLGLW\OHYHO
$VWKHZDWHUUHVHUYRLUVOHYHOXVXDOO\GHFUHDVHVIURP-XO\WR
'HFHPEHULQWKHVHJHRJUDSKLFVLWHVWKHK\GURSRZHUJHQHUDWLRQ
DOVR LV UHGXFHG &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH %UD]LOLDQ DJHQF\ QDPHG
OpHraGRr NaFiRnaO GR SiVWHma (OpWriFR 216 GHWHUPLQHVWKH
WKHUPDOSRZHUSODQWRSHUDWLRQGXULQJWKLVSHULRG$WWKLVFRQWH[W
WKHLQFUHPHQWDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQDQGDQDQDO\VLVRIWKH
HOHFWULFLW\ FRVW ZLOO EH KHUHLQ FRQGXFWHG RQO\ IRU WKH VHFRQG
VHPHVWHU RYHUFLWHGPHWHRURORJLFDOGDWD )LJXUH DQG )LJ SUHVHQW WKH LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF
HQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGZKHQWKHFRROLQJPHWKRGVDUH
4,400
34.5
4,000
Incremental electric energy generation [MWh]
35.0
34.0
Ambient temperature [°C]
LQFOXGHG IRU WKH &DPSRV DQG *RLkQLD ORFDWLRQV UHVSHFWLYHO\1RWLFHWKDWWKHVHYDOXHVUHSUHVHQWHQKDQFHPHQWLQ
UHODWLRQWRWKHHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURGXFHGE\WKHJDVWXUELQH
ZLWKRXWDQ\FRROLQJ
(PSOR\LQJUHVXOWVRIHFRQRPLFDQDO\VLVSUHVHQWHGLQSUHYLRXVOLWHUDWXUHZRUNV $O,EUDKLPDQG9DUQKDP'H/XFLD
HW aO*DUHWDHW aO DQHFRQRPLFVWXG\ZDVDOVR
SHUIRUPHGWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHFRVWRIDGGLWLRQDOGHYLFHV
DVVRFLDWHGZLWKHDFKFRROLQJPHWKRG%HVLGHVWKHVWDWLRQDU\
SRZHUJHQHUDWLRQV\VWHPLVH[SHFWHGWRKDYHDKLJKXWLOL]DWLRQ
IDFWRULHWKLVV\VWHPLVDVVXPHGWRRSHUDWHKRXUVSHUGD\
GD\VSHU\HDUUHVXOWLQJLQKRXUVSHU\HDU
7KXVWKHWRWDOLQFUHPHQWDODQQXDOHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWKDG
EHHQ FRPSXWHG LQ &DPSRV DQG *RLkQLD FRQVLGHULQJ WKH
IROORZLQJFRQWULEXWLRQVFDSLWDOFRVWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHDFKLQOHW
DLUFRROLQJPHWKRGRSHUDWLRQDQGPDLQWHQDQFH 2 0 ¿[HG
DQGYDULDEOHFRVWVDQGLQFUHPHQWDOIXHOFRVWV7DEOHSUHVHQWV
WKHLQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQ FRPSXWHGE\VXP
RIWKHPRQWKO\FRQWULEXWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJDQG)LJ 33.5
33.0
32.5
32.0
31.5
31.0
30.5
30.0
29.5
29.0
Evaporative cooling: = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
3,600
3,200
2,800
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,200
800
400
0
JAN
FEB
MAR APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
JUL
DEC
DEC
)LJXUH &DPSRV¶V VLWH PRQWKO\ LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF HQHUJ\
RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV
JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHWHVWHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV
5,200
80
4,800
Incremental electric energy generation [MWh]
85
75
Relative humidity [%]
NOV
Months
)LJXUH *RLkQLD¶VVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
OUT
SEP
AUG
Months
Evaporative cooling: = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
4,400
4,000
3,600
3,200
2,800
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,200
800
400
0
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV DEC
JUL
AUG
SEP
)LJXUH *RLkQLD¶V VLWH 0RQWKO\ DYHUDJH UHODWLYH KXPLGLW\
RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV
OUT
NOV
DEC
Mounths
Months
)LJXUH *RLDQLD¶V VLWH PRQWKO\ LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF HQHUJ\
JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHWHVWHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
351
6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5
IXHOFRVWDQGWRWDOHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWREWDLQHGIRU&DPSRVDQG
*RLkQLD¶VVLWHVHPSOR\LQJWKHWKUHHVWXGLHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV
7KH HYDSRUDWLYH FRROLQJ SURYLGHV PRQWKO\ DXJPHQWHG
HQHUJ\ JHQHUDWLRQ OHVVHU WKDQ 0:K IRU &DPSRV¶V
VLWH )LJ UHVXOWLQJ LQ D DQQXDO FRQWULEXWLRQ RI DERXW
0:K DV VKRZQ LQ WKH WKLUG FROXPQ RI7DEOH 7KH
DEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPSURGXFHGFORVHWRIRXUWLPHVPRUH
HOHFWULFHQHUJ\WKDQWKHSRZHUSODQWZLWKHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJ
V\VWHP a0:K )RUWKHPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRG
WKH\HDUO\LQFUHPHQWDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQLVDURXQG
0:KLQWKH&DPSRVVLWH 7DEOHWKLUGFROXPQ GXH
WRSRZHUH[WUDFWLRQIURPWKHJDVWXUELQHWRGULYHWKHYDSRU
FRPSUHVVLRQHTXLSPHQW
2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG )LJ VKRZV WKDW WKH LQFUHPHQWDO
PRQWKO\HOHFWULFHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQDW*RLDQLD¶VVLWHLVKLJKHU
WKDQ&DPSRVFLW\ )LJ ZKHQWKHHYDSRUDWLYHV\VWHPLV
HPSOR\HGGXHWRWKHORZHUUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\RFFXUUHGDWWKH
¿UVWVLWH$OWKRXJKWKLVFRROLQJPHWKRGRIIHUVWKHORZHVWWRWDO
HQHUJ\XQLWFRVW 7DEOH WKHHYDSRUDWLYHRSWLRQKDVDQLQIHULRUFDSDFLW\RILQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQZKHQ
FRPSDUHGZLWKWKHRWKHUWZRFRROLQJPHWKRGV
5HVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW IRU ERWK ORFDWLRQV WKH EHVW FRROLQJRSWLRQLVWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPZKLFKSURYLGHG
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\DVXSHULRUYDOXHRIWKHLQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDO
HQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQDQGDORZHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWLQFRPSDULVRQ
ZLWKPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRG
WKHJDVWXUELQHORDGFDSDFLW\HYHQDWVHYHUHDPELHQWFRQGLWLRQV
7KHHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJPHWKRGSURYLGHGDOLPLWHGWHPSHUDWXUH
GURSEHFDXVHLWGHSHQGVRQWKHDPELHQWZHWEXOEWHPSHUDWXUH
ZKLOHWKHFKLOOHUV\VWHPVRIIHUDODUJHFRROLQJHIIHFW )LJ ,QRUGHUWRSHUIRUPDFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQHYDSRUDWLYHDQG
FKLOOHUFRROLQJV\VWHPVWKHJDVWXUELQHSHUIRUPDQFHZDVWHVWHG
XQGHUGLIIHUHQWRSHUDWLRQDOFRQGLWLRQV DPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH
DQGUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\ $WT0 ƒ&DQGI WKH%DVH
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)LJ $Q LQFUHPHQW RI 0: LV REWDLQHG ZKHQ WKH
HYDSRUDWLYHLVXVHG2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHSRZHURXWSXWLV
DXJPHQWHGLQ0:DQG0:IRUWKHPHFKDQLFDODQG
DEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPVUHVSHFWLYHO\
,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRREVHUYHWKDWDQ\FRROLQJV\VWHPUHTXLUH
DGGLWLRQDOFRPSRQHQWV)RUH[DPSOHWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
QHHGVDKHDWUHFRYHU\GHYLFHWRXWLOL]HWKHJDVH[KDXVWHQHUJ\
+RZHYHU WKHVH DGGHG FRPSRQHQWV SUHVHQW DQ LQIHULRU FRVW
ZKHQFRPSDUHGZLWKDODUJHVLPSOHF\FOHJDVWXUELQHHQJLQH
1DMMDU 7KXVWKHEHVWFRROLQJDOWHUQDWLYHPXVWWDNHLQWRDFFRXQW
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FDSDFLW\ ORDG RSHUDWLRQ W\SH VLWH ORFDWLRQ FOLPDWLF FRQGLWLRQVGHVLUHGFRROLQJSRWHQWLDODQGHFRQRPLFIHDVLELOLW\$W
WKLVFRQWH[WWKLVZRUNVKRZHGWKDWFRQVLGHULQJWZRVSHFL¿HG
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SUHVHQWHGKLJKHULQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQZLWK
DORZHUXQLWHQHUJ\FRVW
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
7KHYDULDWLRQRIWKHDPELHQWDLUWHPSHUDWXUHVKRZHGWKDWDW
,62FRQGLWLRQVDQLQFUHDVHRIƒ&LQWKHLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUH
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UHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDW7,&WHFKQRORJLHVDUHSULPRUGLDOWRHQVXUH
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Table 3. IQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOJDVWXUELQHSDUDPHWHUV
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(YDSRUDWLYH
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352
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43.28
32.02
43.24
53.00
J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
$QDO\VLVRI*DV7XUELQH3HUIRUPDQFHZLWK,QOHW$LU&RROLQJ7HFKQLTXHV$SSOLHGWR%UD]LOLDQ6LWHV
REFERENCES
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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., São José dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012
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