Alzheimer's Disease
Savaliya nirali
425-a
• Alzheimer's disease
• is progressive mental deterioration
that can occur in middle or old age,
due to generalized degeneration of
the brain. It is the commonest cause
of premature senility.
• Alzheimer's disease is a neurological
disorder in which the death of brain
cells causes memory loss and
cognitive decline.
• It is the most common type of
dementia, accounting for 60 to 80
percent of cases of dementia
SYMPTOMS
• 1. Reduced ability to take in and remember
new information.
• 2.Impairments to reasoning, complex
tasking, and exercising judgment.
• 3.poor understanding of safety risks
• inability to manage finances
• poor decision-making ability
• 4.Impaired visuospatial abilities
• 5.Impaired speaking, reading and writing.
• 6.Changes in personality and behavior
• 7.out-of-character mood changes, including
agitation, apathy, social withdrawal or a
lack of interest, motivation, or initiative.
STAGES
• ALZHEIMER'S disease have 7 stages following :
• Dementia Stage 1 – Pre-illness.
• Dementia Stage 2– Very mild signs of
cognitive decline.
• Dementia Stage 3 – Signs of decline go
from very mild to mild.
• Dementia Stage 4– Moderate cognitive
decline.
• Dementia Stage 5 – Moderately severe
signs of cognitive decline.
• Dementia Stage 6 – Severe dementia.
• Dementia Stage 7– Final stage, very
severe dementia.
DIAGNOSIS
• Doctor really can't diagnos this disease only under
microscope observation.
• But some test like:
• Neurological examinations
• By physical examination
• By behavior
• By reading, speaking
• Lab tests
• Blood tests may help doctor rule out other
potential causes of memory loss and confusion,
such as a thyroid disorder or vitamin deficiencies.
• Mental status and neuropsychological testing
• MRI, CT, FDG.
TREATMENTS
• 2 main drugs for cognitive symptoms.
• Cholinesterase inhibitors.
• Donepezil (aricept)
• Galantamine(razadyne)
• Rivastigmine(exelon)
• Memantine (Namenda)
Cholinesterase inhibitors.
• donepezil (Aricept)
• Form: oral tablet
• Dose : 5 mg, 10 mg, and 23 mg
• Form: orally disintegrating tablet
(ODT)
GALANTAMINE
(Razadyne)
• Form: Oral extended-release capsule
• Strengths: 8 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg
• Form: Oral tablet
• Strengths: 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg
• Form: Oral solution
• Strengths: 4 mg/mL, 100 mL bottle
RIVASTIGMINE
(exelon)
• Form : CAPSULES
• DOSE :1.5-6 mg
• Form : ORAL
• DOSE :Initial: 1.5 mg PO q12hr
•
2nd week - up to 6 mg not more than 6
• oralIndicated for mild-to-moderate dementia of
the Alzheimer's type
RIVASTIGMINE
(exelon)
• Form :Transdermal
• Indicated for mild, moderate, and
severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type
• DOSE : Apply 4.6 mg q24hr
MEMANTINE
(Namenda)
• FORM : TABLET
• DOSE : 5mg & 10 MG every day
• FORM : CAPSULE
• DOSE : 7mg ,14 mg, 21 mg, 28 mg
• FORM : oral solution
• DOSE : 2mg/mL
ALTERNATIVE THERAPY
• Caprylic acid and coconut oil.
• Coenzyme Q10.
• Coral calcium.
• Ginkgo biloba.
• Huperzine A.
• Omega-3 fatty acids.
• Phosphatidylserine.
THANK YOU