Alter Realities: The Hidden Realities Created by the Self- Proclaimed Depressed
Students in Muñoz National Senior High School (MAIN)
A Research Proposal Submitted in a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Practical Research I
Angelo Soliven
Jeanelle Gomez
Gianne Kate Gaspar
Julia Estanislao
Benjamin Almuete
John Lloyd Listerio
Proponents
HUMMS XII 2019-2020
Muñoz National Senior High School
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to our Lord God for his guidance
throughout in our research paper to finish successfully. Second, to our family for giving
us never ending support in financial needs specially in time to make this research
successfully. Third, we would like also to express our sincere gratitude to our Practical
Research I Teacher, Sir Robinson Valenzona to his support and guidance to conduct
this research and for giving us companion. Fourth, to the researcher who conduct the
previous study we’ve based on to gain more information to our research. Lastly, to the
respondents who help us to provide information about our topic and to the researcher
of the article with important information that we used to write this study. We express
our deepest gratitude and may assist other researchers in need to our researcher.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I: Background of the Study
INTRODUCTION
Page
Background of the Study……………………………….
1-2
Objectives of the Study…………………………………
3
Statement of the Problems……………………………..
4
Assumption of the Study……………………………….
Significance of the Study………………………………..
5
Locale of the Study………………………………………
6
Conceptual Framework…………………………………
7
Operational Definition of Terms……………………….
8
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE…………………………………………..
9-14
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………
15
The Participants…………………………………………
The Sampling……………………………………………
Data Collection Techniques………………………………
16
Data Analysis Techniques………………………………..
Schedule of Activity……………………………………….
17
Budgetary Requirement………………………………….
18
CHAPTER I
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction
There comes in one’s life where they feel down in the dumps. This Things
happen because all the emotional, physical, and psychological changes come to us all
at once. For some things just past but for other it stay’s much longer.
According to American Psychiatric association, depression (major depressive
disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel,
the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes
feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a
variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to
function at work and at home. Students may be particularly vulnerable to depression,
with rates at around 14 percent according to one study in Dublin, Ireland. The
background rate among the general population is thought to be around eight to 12
percent.
Depression affects an estimated one in 15 adults (6.7%) in any given year. And
one in six people (16.6%) will experience depression at some time in their life.
Depression can strike at any time, but on average, first appears during the late teens to
mid-20s. Women are more likely than men to experience depression. Some studies
show that one-third of women will experience a major depressive episode in their
lifetime. The death of a loved one, loss of a job or the ending of a relationship are
difficult experiences for a person to endure. It is normal for feelings of sadness or grief
to develop in response to such situations. Those experiencing loss often might describe
themselves as being “depressed.”
The study of Jeff Bourget, he believed that most self-proclaimed people with
depression fall into one of two categories: there are those who are suffering from
situational depression, they are depressed but it isn't clinical depression; and there are
those whose live are depressing. But can be improve with effort. In today's 'society',
there are self-proclaimed emo people who may fake depression for the sake of it being
"cool". Those who mimic illness because they think it will make them seem fashionable
received only contempt and disgust from many people who are trying to recover from
depression due to it being viewed as a mockery and making depression much less
accepted as a real danger by many people.
Someone, usually a teenager that usually acts as they have a mental condition,
because they think it's cool. You usually can tell when it's fake, if they don't tend to get
in their feelings, don't cry or even act sad when they are around you. When they aren't
around you, you can tell, because they show it off on their story and they tend to post
quotes a lot. Most people that are actually depress will not post much about their mental
symptom called depression.
Objectives of the study
Generally, this study aims to know what will be the perceived realities created
by the self-proclaimed depressed students of MNHS-MAIN (SHS).
Specifically, it will purport to do the following:

to understand why students self-proclaiming themselves as depressed individuals;

to find out what are the factors influencing their perception about their own reality or
their personal view about the world;

to identify how they cope up about their “being” depressed;

to discern why they think they are depressed and what are the activities in dealing such;
and,

to understand what are the probable causes of why they have changed their own
perception about the reality and why they think they are depressed.
Statement of the Problems
1. Why students self-proclaiming themselves as depressed individuals?
2. What are the factors influencing their perception about their own reality or their
personal view about the world?
3. How they cope up about their “being” depressed?
4. Why they think they are depressed and what are the activities in dealing such?
5. What are the probable causes of why they have changed their own perception about the
reality and why they think they are depressed?
Assumption of the study
1. It is assumed that they think that they cannot do what they are doing or they overthink
because of too many requirements and activities specially in school.
2. It is assumed that the factors that are affecting our perceptions are our environment,
people, governance, poverty, love, and money.
3. It is assumed that they cope up by doing things that make them happy and avoiding
themselves from the things that make them depressed.
4. It is assumed that they think they are depressed maybe because of too much thinking
of their problems specially in school like paper works, activities, and so on.
5. It is assumed that the causes are their own expectations, mind set and also their over
thinking.
Significance of the study
The study will conduct to find out the Hidden Realities Created by the SelfProclaimed Depressed Students. The result of this study is beneficial to students,
parents, teacher, Future researcher and the other interested individuals.
The study will also benefits students who still are at school because it will give
them information about the self-proclaimed depression. In another this paper will guide
them to focus first their attention to their studies.
The study will also benefit the parent who have a child that has a fake
depression and it will give them information to guide their child about this topic.
This study will also benefit the teacher for they could be informed how
important is educating to development of children to manhood. These enable them to
guide and identify the hidden realities created by the self-proclaimed depression
specially Muñoz National High School -Main (SHS).
The outcome of the study is beneficial to the neither present researchers or the
future researchers. This study may be one of the basis that a new theory in learning will
arise.
Locale of the Study
The researcher conducted the study at Senior High School, MNHS Main, Villa
Pinili, Barangay Bantug, Science City of Muñoz Nueva Ecija 3119, Philippines.
Muñoz City was called before as Sitio Papaya. In 1886, the name was changed
into ‘Muñoz’ to honor Don Francisco Muñoz, the province’s alcalde mayor, and the
community’s first appointed gobernadorcillo. Muñoz was annexed as a barrio of San
Juan de Guimba Municipality.Settlers trickled in from Bulacan and the Ilocos Region.
In 1911, Factoria (now San Isidro town), the provincial capital, was totally flooded.
Muñoz was then considered a possible new capital of the province.
Map 1. Map of Science City of Muñoz
Map 2. Map of Muñoz National High School-Main (SH)
Conceptual Framework
This study will inform what are the hidden realities of self-proclaimed
depressed students of Muñoz National High School-MAIN (SH).
The perceived Realities of
Self-proclaimed depressed
Students.
Narratology

Interview
Factors Affecting Depression
of Self-proclaimed Depressed
individual
Coping Mechanism of the
students in dealing their
depression




Family
Study
Personal
Financial
Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework
The explanation of this concept is they are connected. To know what are the hidden
realities created by the self-proclaimed depressed of students.
This study need to interview the participant to know what they are feeling or what are
the experience they have.
In this study, there are people or things that is involved in this study, family,
study, personal and financial, because if you’re “depressed” the people who is
surrounded in you will be also affected to what you are feeling.
Coping Mechanism can help people adjust to stressful events while helping the
maintain their emotional well-being.
Operation of Definition of Term
Illness- a disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind
Depressed- a serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel
Fake- not true or unreal
Stress-a feeling of emotional or physical tension.
Problem- a matter or situation regarded as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be
dealt with and overcome.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review of literature is valuable guide to defining the problem, recognizing its
significance, data gathering methods, appropriately study design and source of data.
This helps to sharpen the understanding of the problem area and provides a background
for this research project. So the researcher must have up-to-date information about what
has been thought and done in the area of this research. The success of any research
work depends upon the understanding and familiarity of the investigators with the
studies and literature related to the topic. In review of literature, the researcher attempts
to explore what others have learnt about similar works and to gather information
relevant to the research problem at hand. Since effective research is based upon past
knowledge, the review of related literature helps to eliminate duplication of what has
been explored by other researchers at the same field. So review literature is an
inevitable part of any research study.
The study of adolescent depression has been the focus of interest of many
psychologists in the present century. Numerous attempts have been made to examine
the complex nature of the relationship of various causative factors to the onset,
prevalence and control of depressive reactions among young children. The present
chapter is an attempt to review the studies linking selected cognitive variables to
depression and related problems: Stress and Coping Styles, Frustration Tolerance,
Personal Belief/Self Esteem, Creative Thinking, Ideation Fluency and Originality,
Other Psycho-Social Factors, Depression Management, Postpartum Depression.
STRESS AND COPING STYLES
In a study of 40 depressed patients, Leff, Roatch, and Bunney (1970)
have found that each patient had been subjected to multiple stressful events prior to
early symptoms to a clustering of such events during the month preceding the actual
break down in functioning. Similar to the findings of Leff and her associates are those
of Paykel (1983). He studied 185 depressed patients and found the comparable stressful
events preceded the onset of the depressive breakdown. The significant events are
categorized as (a) material difficulties, (b) work moves or changes in work conditions,
(c) serious personal illness, and death or serious illness of an immediate family
member.
FRUSTRATION TOLERANCE
According into Studies on frustration tolerance report that inability to tolerance
frustration leads to mental breakdown, maladjustment and problem in interpersonal
relationship. Low frustration tolerance relates to antisocial and other maladaptive
behaviors also. It is also pointed out that most neurotics and psychotics show
deficiencies in their capacity to tolerance frustration Males are found to tolerance
frustration more than females (Rai,1997).
Ability to tolerance frustrated is affected by the quality of the stressor as well
as its intensity, duration, predictability and control (Glass and Singer,1974 Cohen and
Weinstein 1981).
Harrington (2006) investigate the relationship between a multi-dimensional
Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) and measures of depressed mood, anxiety and
anger in a clinical population. Result indicate that FDS sub-scales are differently related
to specific emotions, independent of self-esteem and negative effect. The entitlement
subscale is uniquely associated with anger, discomfort, intolerance with depressed
mood, and emotional intolerance with anxiety and depression.
PERSONAL BELIEF/SELF ESTEEM AND RELATED FACTORS
In behalf of Beck (1967) reported that the negative cognitive set is significantly
related to serve depressive reactions in people. The negative cognitive set includes
negative views of the self, the world and the future. Such a negative cognitive set results
in abnormally extreme negative effect in life and leads to depression.
Beck (1967, 1976) suggest that individuals who have negative schema about
themselves and who experience negative life events within a life domain relevant to
that negative self-schema are particularly prone to be coming depressed. It also found
that individuals who chronically do not receive positive regard from significant others
or who receive high rates of negative and critical interactions with others are likely to
develop negative view of themselves. They when confronted with stressors relevant to
their negative self- schema are at risk for becoming depressed (Rosenberg 1979).
CREATIVE THINKING, IDEATIONAL FLUENCY AND ORIGINALITY
Bhattacharya’s studies (1956, 1960a, 1960b) on creative painters revealed that
female painters are more emotional with shallow feeling for life as compared to male
painters .In a host of studies Raychaudhari (1961 a, 1961 b,1962 a,1962 b,1964,1965
a, 1965 b, 1965 c) has show that creativity is linked to well being problems and that
artistic persons including musicians are found to have feelings of depression in their
childhood. They are distinctly recognized by their emotional temperamental qualities
throw by other aspects of personality (Raychaudhuri, 1980).In their study Dabrowski
(1963) have examined the origin of emotional difficulties and neurotic behavior among
talented children. It is reported that exceptionally able individuals tend to have overall
exceptional sensitivity and greater excitability which under stress conditions can lead
to neurosis in them.
DEPRESSION MANAGEMENT
Beck (1967, 1976), Beck and young (1985), Young, Beck and Weinberger
(1993) examined the role of deep-seated negative thinking in generating depression.
The results show that negative thinking seems natural to them. Clients are taught that
errors in thinking can directly cause depression. Treatment involves correcting
cognitive errors and substituting less depressing and more realistic and more realistic
thoughts and appraisals.
Sanchoz, Lewinsohn and Larson (1980), assigned depressed out patients
(N=32) to either group assertion training or ‘traditional’ group psychotherapy. The
results show that over a relatively short period of time, assertiveness training is more
effective than traditional Psychotherapy in increasing self-reported assertiveness and
alleviating depression.
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
The most common complication after childbirth is postpartum depression
which is regarded as a form of clinical depression (lee, 2004). According to DSM-IV
criteria, postpartum depression or PPD is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD)
which has been present for at least a period of 2 weeks after giving birth. Its symptoms
can include feelings of inadequacy and failure, a sense of hopelessness, exhaustion,
emptiness, anxiety or panic, decreased energy and motivation, and a generally inability
to cope with daily routines (National Health and Medical Research Council 2002). PPD
occurs more in new mother but recent studies show that it can also happen to new
fathers. From 1980- 2002, the incidence of paternal postpartum depression has been
significantly increasing according to Goodman’s (2004) literature review.
DEPRESSION AND ITS NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON COLLEGE STUDENTS
More than 18 million adults, almost a tenth of the United States population
above the age of 17, have been found to demonstrate symptoms of a depressive disorder
each year (Rosack, 2003).
In addition of (Auerbach2015) Depression in the adolescent is a resinous public
health concern. Recent epidemiological data show that approximately 11 percent of
youth will experience depression (Avenevoli Swenden , he, Burstein & Merikangas
,2015), and these episodes are associated with downstream negative consequences later
in adolescence. Most notably, an alarming 75% of individuals experiencing depression
during adolescence will make a suicide attempt in adulthood. Despite these unsettling
statistics and associated negative consequences, the etiological mechanisms
contributing to the onset and maintenance of depression in adolescence remain unclear.
To address this key gap, my research uses a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach
to determine why depressive symptoms emerge and how self-injurious and suicidal
behaviors develop in response to depression.
Depression is one of the most commonly encountered chronic conditions in
primary care, yet it remains substantially under diagnosed and under treated. We sought
to gain a better understanding of barriers to diagnosis of and entering treatment for
depression in primary care. Depression is a common mental health problem leading to
significant morbidity and mortality and high medical and societal costs. 1-3 the world
health organization estimated that major depression caused more disability world wide
in 1990 than ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease even if diagnosed, care
for depression is frequently flawed. Many persons diagnosed with depression do not
commence treatment for it, and the majority of persons who do enter treatment do not
receive their preferred type of treatment, even though this seems to lead better
outcomes.
According to (Grohol 2017) depression is the common cold of mental disorders
most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly,
through a friend or family member. Confusion about depression is common place with
regards to what depression exactly is and what makes it different from just feeling
down.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Participants
The respondents of the study will consist of 10 students of Muñoz National Senior
High School (MAIN). The students who will be picked are the once who are willing to
share and to discuss why they say they are depressed. The researchers will scour online
what are the basics of the hidden realities created by the self-proclaimed of Muñoz
National Senior High School- MAIN
The Sampling
The method that will be used is purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a kind
of sampling that focuses in the characteristics of the population and objective of the
study. The respondents will be chosen base on the main objective of the study which is
knowing what will be the perceived realities claimed depress students of Muñoz
National Senior High School-(MAIN).
Research Design
The researcher conducted using qualitative study with descriptive design. The
aim of this study is to know the hidden realities created by the self-proclaimed depress
students of Muñoz National Senior High School-MAIN to describes the characteristics
of the population or phenomenon that is being studied.
Data Collection Techniques
The instrument will be used for data collection techniques included interview.
Guided Interview Question will serve as an instrument to ensure that the same general
information are collected from each of the participants. And also the Diaries and
Drawing will serve as secondary data that will allow them to give more information
about their experiences and the emotions that they felt. Lastly the Audio Recording will
serve as documentation of the interview that will provide the voice of the participants.
Data Analysis Techniques
The methods that are used in data analysis are discourse and framework
analysis. The methods are used to analyze the interactions with the respondents. It uses
the answers that the respondents say during the interview between the researchers and
them. The researchers will choose 10 students of Muñoz National Senior High
School(MAIN) who are self- proclaimed depress. Then after that they will ask for
permission if they are willing to answer some questions. Then they will check if the
answers that the respondents give is true. Then lastly the researchers will know the
reasons why they say there depress.
DURATION AND TABLE OF ACTIVITIES
DATE
ACTIVITIES
September 9,2019
Writing of Research Proposal
October 7-9, 2019
Submission of Research Proposal
October 10-11, 2019
November-December 2019
Research Proposal Defense
Data Collection
January 2020
Writing of Findings
February 2020
Printing of Final Paper
TABLE I. Representation of the Schedule of Activities
The table above shows the Duration and Table of Activities of the researchers
in conducting this study.
POSSIBLE COST OF IMPLEMENTATION
Possible Expenses
Possible Cost
Printing
500
Clear folder
100
Snacks
150
TABLE II. Presentation of the Possible Cost of Implementation
The table above shows the possible costs of implementation or the possible
expenses of the researchers in conducting this study.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Leff, M. J., Roatch, J. F., & Bunney, W. E. (1970). Environmental factors
preceding the onset of severe depressions. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of
Interpersonal Processes, 33(3), 293-311
Beck, A. T. (1970). Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy.
Behavior Therapy, 1, 184-200.
Auerbach, R.P., Bigda-Peyton, J.S., Eberhart, N.K., Webb, C.A., & Ho, M.-H.R.
(2011). Conceptualizing the prospective relationship between social support, stress,
and depressive symptoms among adolescents.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(4), 475-487
tt M., Boggiano A. K. (1991). Gender differences in depression in college students.
Sex Roles, 25:595-605.
Girgenti, A. A., Mills, M. J., & Brooks, P. R. (2009). Sleep patterns and
symptoms of depression in college students. College Student Journal, 43: S464 (9).
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York:
Springer.
Raunic, A., & Xenos, S. (2008). University counselling service utilisation by
local and international students and user characteristics: A review. International
Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 30(4), 262-267. doi:10.1007/s10447008-9062-0
Rosack, J. (2003). Depression most costly illness for employers. American
Psychiatry Association, 38(14), 19. Retrieved July 8, 2010 from the Academic Search
Premier database.
Swanholm, E., Vosvick, M., & Chng, C. (2009). Pessimism, trauma, risky sex:
Covariates of depression in college students. American Journal of Health Behavior,
33:309-318.
Vredenburg, K., O'Brien, E., & Krames, L. (1988). Depression in college
students: Personality and experiential factors. Journal of Counseling Psychology,
35:419-425.
Wilbert, J. R., & Rupert, P. A. (1986). Dysfunctional attitudes, loneliness, and
depression in college students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10:71-77.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
Alter Realities: The Hidden Realities Created by the Self- Proclaimed Depressed
Students in Munoz National Senior High School (MAIN)
Name:
Age:
Section:
Sex:
Direction: Answer the following Question
1.Are you Depressed?
Yes______
No______
2.Are you drinking or using drugs to cope with the depressed?
Yes______
No______
3.Do you have friends or family to talk about your problem?
Friends____
Family_____ Others_____
4.Do you know the difference between stress and depressed?
Answer:
5.What are the reason why are you depressed?
Answer:
APPENDIX II
I.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Angelo Soliven
Age: 17
Birthday: September 17,2001
Address: Purok 3A Brgy, Catalanacan Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Male
Name of Mother: Julie Soliven
Occupation: House wife
Name of Father: Antonio Soliven
Occupation: Electrician
I.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Jeanelle Gomez
Age: 17
Birthday: July 29, 2002
Address: Purok Centro, Brgy. Franza Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Female
Name of Mother: Glenda Gomez
Occupation: OFW
Name of Father: Jun Gomez
Occupation: House Husband
I.
PERSONAL INFROMATION
Name: Gianne Kate Gaspar
Age: 17
Birthday: September 09, 2002
Address: Purok Centro, Brgy.Franza Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Female
Name of Mother: Ma. Victoria Gaspar
Occupation: None
Name of Father: Jackson Gaspar
Occupation: Head Chef and Food Nutritionist of Eurotel
I.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Julia Estanislao
Age: 17
Birthday: July 8, 2002
Address: Purok Centro, Brgy. Franza Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Female
Name of Mother: Jennifer Estanislao
Occupation: Housewife
Name of Father: Rolando Estanislao
Occupation: Tricycle Driver
I.
PERSONAL INFROMATION
Name: Benjamin Almuete
Age: 18
Birthday:
Address: Maragol, Villa Sagnip Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
Sex: Male
Name of Mother: Hazel Almuete
Occupation: Housewife
Name of Father: Alvin Ducusin
Occupation: Farmer
I.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: John Lloyd Listerio
Age: 18
Birthday: January 27,2001
Address: Curva Bantug, Science City of Muñoz Nueva Ecija
Sex: Male
Name of Mother: Editha Listerio
Occupation: Housewife
Name of Father: Tirso Listerio
Occupation: Constaction Worker