TSE 2251
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
ONLINE BUS TICKETING SYSTEM
AMIN S M ESHRAQ UL (1171303198)
ELYSSA BINTI ZULKIFLY (1181302431)
SEMESTER 1 2020/2021
FACULTY OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS
MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY
05 OCTOBER 2020
1|Page
Table of Contents:
1.
INTRODUCTION
3-7
1.1. Introduction
3-4
1.2. Problem Statement
4-5
1.3. Project Objective
6
1.4. Project Scope
7
2.
8
LITERATURE REVIEW
3. PROPOSED SOLUTION
9-17
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
18
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCE
19
6. APPENDIX
20-24
2|Page
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction:
Technological advances have immensely changed the way consumers buy products and
services. In 2019, the number of internet users worldwide was 4.13 billion, up from 3.92
billion in the previous year (J. Clement, 2020). Previously, buying a bus ticket used to be
extremely time-consuming where it could only be done manually where passengers had to
stand in the queue for a very long time to buy a bus ticket especially during peak hours. In
Malaysia, express bus is the most widely used and preferred mode of transportation due to its
convenience and affordability. The number of people using public transports, especially the
bus, is increasing every year as it is a feasible mode of transportation and it also covers short
and long distances with various routes. To meet these increasing demands it is also seen that
there are a few illegal bus operators without authorization that are operating with no
appropriate fares and policies. There are a few online ticketing systems available but not
many effects are seen to make any good changes. The number of bus operators is very less
and the portals are not so convenient for use by the users, which is the main issue for the
failure of existing systems. Passengers are not given choices to make and the availability of
tickets and bus operators is very limited. The options to make payments in the existing online
system is also not much. Sometimes passengers cannot make payments by their desired
payment method. For all these issues the existing systems couldn’t help much to make a
change.
In this project, we developed a web-based bus ticketing system (EasyBus.com) where users
can easily book and pay for bus tickets online. This system enables users to pick a destination
as well as the departure date and time. The users can then select a bus and their seats.
3|Page
Besides, users are also provided with various methods of online payments such as E-wallet,
online banking, and more. Passengers can also eliminate the risk and mishaps caused by
unauthorized bus services. The number of congestions can be decreased in the bus stations
and make the entire process completely hassle-free. Finally, users are given the option to
cancel their reservation and request for a refund. We can keep up with the era of information
technology following information systems strategies and processes.
1.2. Problem Statement:
Currently for transportation means the purchase of tickets and to check schedules are not
digitized everywhere. A bus is a transportation medium used by mass people and the manual
ticket purchase from the counter and checking bus timings and schedules is not very feasible.
By making it fall under an online system it becomes much easier for people to check
schedules for buses and also purchase tickets online. Currently, online ticketing is also
available but in comparison to purchasing over the counter, it is not the first preference for
passengers. This problem is because individual bus operators having an e-ticketing system do
not provide adequate options for the passengers such as various destinations, routines, and
schedules, and also the ticket availability is very low. There are also a lot of illegal bus
operators without authorizations. Their activities and operations without legal permits can be
eliminated by the development of a web-based online ticketing system. A few problems can
be met by an online bus ticketing system such as:
Data Mismanagement:
In most bus ticketing counters data for passengers are stored internally and there is also a
chance to make a wrong booking or ticket, generating reports, passenger details, etc. In an
4|Page
online ticketing system, passengers can choose their booking and purchase their ticket online
without such error.
Inadequate Accountability:
In traditional methods, there are possibilities of fare increase or corruption by increasing fares
as the higher officials are not directly involved. As a result, passengers can suffer from
sudden price increase or no refund policy while purchasing tickets. Illegal buses operating
during peak time without any permit or fixed fares. In an online ticketing system the pricing
of tickets can be fixed and also the policies can be given as per terms and conditions.
Time Consuming:
Normally purchasing tickets from the bus counter requires more time and passengers need to
wait in a queue for a long time to purchase tickets. In the online ticketing system, there is no
need to wait for hours at the bus counter and tickets can be purchased online without wasting
any time or energy.
Man Power:
Generally, a lot of staff are required to handle many passengers coming to purchase bus
tickets at the counter. More staff are required to book tickets and print for the passengers
regularly at the counter. In an online ticketing system, manpower can be decreased in a
counter and make it more cost-efficient for the bus company.
5|Page
1.3. Project Objective:
The objectives that we aim for in developing the system are stated below.
● To design and develop a fully integrated web-based bus ticketing system in which a
passenger can order a bus ticket online.
● To remove unnecessary public congestion and traffic in bus stations and loss of time
and energy by introducing a web platform.
● To provide several choices for the users for bus operators and routes so that they can
make any short or long-distance journeys easily.
● To enable users to check the availability and types of buses online. Users can choose a
destination as well as the departure date and time.
● To allow users to keep track of bus timings and schedules through the system so that
they can plan their travel.
● To provide various methods of online payment to ease users (eg. TouchNGo E-wallet,
Boost, etc)
● To give an option for users to cancel their booking and/or get a refund by making
policies, terms, and conditions of the system.
● To make it easier for the admins to maintain the system implementing information
systems such as management information systems decision support system.
● To allow the authority to store all details and records within the system and generate
reports based on that within the system.
6|Page
1.4. Project Scope:
The scope of this project is to analyze, review, and propose an online bus ticketing system
which is a web service approach. The main difference from the other existing systems is, this
system focuses on the feasibility of both the parties which are the customers and the
operators. The back end activities done by the operators and admins through the system, such
as additional information, update schedule, add busses and routes, generate reports can be
done through the system as it will be following all the information systems strategies and
planning. A website for the bus companies where passengers can check the availability of
buses, choose desired destinations for travel, check schedules and timings, and purchase
tickets. It will be an easy web service system that is quite a user friendly for everyone to use
and for admins to monitor and maintain. An online bus ticketing system will be a web-based
portal where all the ticketing operations will be conducted through the internet providing
benefits such as management of bus schedules, ticket bookings, sales, report generations,
travel records, and other business functions. Overall, we aim to develop and improve the
ticketing system for buses to make it more convenient for everyone by adapting information
systems tools and make the business a big measure of success.
7|Page
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The development of transportation facilities is essential as a lot of people are frequently
dependent on public transports in their day to day life. As a result digitization of these
platforms is necessary for making it a convenient method for everyone. For short travel and
long-distance travel busses are used in almost every route. So online ticketing systems for
buses are quite essential and previously a lot of researchers have also researched this.
The author Adelaja Oluwaseun in his research “Development of Online Bus Ticket Booking
System” made comparative analysis for web development, a structure of the database, and
also included rental systems to the web application. All sorts of testing such as functionality
testing, usability testing, integration testing were carried out by the author.
The article by “Online Bus Ticket Reservation System” by the authors Ifeanyi Cosmas
Nwakanma , Chukwuemeka Etus, Ikenna Ajere, Uchechukwu Agomuo proposed an
application for bus ticket reservation system in which records and files are automatically
updated, and also has automation and management of seat reservations done online.
8|Page
3. PROPOSED SOLUTION
A systematic approach is taken to accomplish the objectives of this research and to propose
the system. Through the literature review, we can see that various types of research before
this was conducted before. The Web Page of the Online Bus Ticketing Scheme is a complete
collection of Internet Ticketing Operations. The advantages of complete in-house supervision
of bus schedules, ticket reservations, distribution of fares, collection of records, cancellation,
and refund of bookings, and other business functions connected with sales of tickets. The
name of our online bus ticketing system is Easy Bus.com where people can look for bus
availability routes and schedules and purchase online tickets for their journey.
Firstly, we conducted a general analysis of bus operators and passengers to be clear about our
objectives and the steps to making further approaches. Furthermore, we have to create a
database that holds all the bus operators' detailed schedules and timings. Information such as
vehicles, drivers’ information, bus operators’ information, bus operating routes, schedules
and timings, passenger information all of it had to be stored in our database. We will use
MySQL for our database works and store all relevant information for our web portal. The
webpage will be a simple webpage with a simple user interface easy for anyone to use. To
understand the proper functionality of the system the design phase is important as to know
how we will design our system to work.
System Design:
The most basic functionality of the system can be understood from the context diagram.
Passengers buy tickets from the system where admins are responsible to keep everything
9|Page
updated in the system. The system generates tickets for the passengers and sales reports for
the admins.
Context Diagram:
Figure 3.1: Context Diagram
The total data flow of the system is represented by designing the level-0 data flow diagram.
Here all the process and flow of the system is represented serially. Passenger and admin are
the external entities and there are 3 databases for the system. Travel records stores all the
updates schedules, route, bus operators for travel, passenger records stores all the details of
each passenger. The booking record keeps all the bookings of the passengers, payments, and
invoices. Sales reports are also generated from this database for the admin.
The basic functionalities and flow such as login, register, search availability, booking tickets
all are represented in this data flow diagram.
Level 0 Data Flow Diagram
10 | P a g e
Figure 3.2: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram
11 | P a g e
The use case diagram consisting of two main actors for the system, passenger and admin
represent all important functions of the system.
Use Case Diagram
Figure 3.3: Use Case Diagram
12 | P a g e
The entity-relationship diagram represents the entities and attributes of the database. The
relations and multiplicities are also shown in the figure. Business rules for the entityrelationship diagram are:
1. One passenger makes one booking
2. One booking is made by one passenger.
3. Many booking can be made for one bus
4. One bus has one or many bookings.
5. One or many admins can process one or many payments.
6. One or many payments can be processed by one or many admins.
7. One booking has one payment.
8. One payment is for one booking.
9. One bus has one bus detail.
10. One bus details belong to one bus.
Entity Relationship Diagram
13 | P a g e
Figure 3.4: Entity Relationship Diagram
A basic interface of our web portal EasyBus.com has been designed. The GUI is kept very
simple and user friendly. The three main functionality login, booking, and payment method
screens are shown in the interface design of our web page is shown.
This is the login page for all the users of the system. By giving the credentials users will log
in to the system. The log in page is shown in figure 3.5.
14 | P a g e
Figure 3.5 Login Page
The booking page shows the time and departure and arrival. The journey can be made one
way or roundtrip that passengers can choose. After selecting the dates and locations the
availability of the buses with routines and routes is shown to the passengers. On the next
screen, passengers are also given the option to select their seats upon booking. The booking
screen is shown in figure 3.6.
15 | P a g e
Figure 3.6: Booking Page
The next interface shown is the payment method screen. Passengers can choose the method
of payment after the fares of their journey are shown. As a payment method, our system
accepts the E-Wallet payment option, credit/debit card payment, EasyBus coins payment, and
also online banking payment. Passengers can choose their preferred payment option and
finalize their bookings.The payment method screen is shown in figure 3.7.
16 | P a g e
Figure 3.7: Payment Page
After the completion of payment, the passengers will finalize their booking and book their
tickets. The tickets will be automatically sent to the passenger’s email address upon payment.
Passengers can later on print their electronic ticket for reference. The objectives which we
aimed for were fulfilled and finally, the system was designed and implemented.
17 | P a g e
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In conclusion, our online bus ticketing system is a very simple and user-friendly system that
is very much convenient for the people and much more feasible for everyone. Even in the
existing online ticket booking, in-house management is not organized. Our system follows
the information systems planning, strategies, and design and within this management
information system can be implemented as data and reports are managed by the system itself.
It also complies with the Decision support system as decisions can be made based on the
reports and data generated. Our system is a web-based service where it is an integrated web
portal that is storing details of passengers and inputs from admins for the bus operations.
Further developments can be made in the future and new features such as bus operators’
rankings and passengers’ reviews and ratings can be added to get proper feedback of the
whole system and the journey performed.
18 | P a g e
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCE
1. Clement, J. (2020, January 07). Number of internet users worldwide. Retrieved
October 03, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/273018/number-ofinternet-users-worldwide/
2. Nwakanma, Ifeanyi & Etus, Chukwuemeka & Ajere, Ikenna & Agomuo,
Uchechukwu. (2015). Online Bus Ticket Reservation System. Statistics and
Computing. Vol. 1.
3. Oloyede, M. O., Alaya, S. M., & Adewole, K. S. (2014). Development of an online
bus ticket reservation system for a transportation service in Nigeria. Development,
5(12).
4. Oluwaseun, Adelaja. (2019). DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE BUS TICKET
BOOKING SYSTEM GRADUATE QUALIFICATION WORK.
19 | P a g e
6. APPENDIX
Figure 3.1: Context Diagram
20 | P a g e
Figure 3.2: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram
21 | P a g e
Figure 3.3: Use Case Diagram
22 | P a g e
Figure 3.4: Entity Relationship Diagram
Figure 3.5 Login Page
23 | P a g e
Figure 3.6: Booking Page
Figure 3.7: Payment Page
24 | P a g e