Abstract:
Chemistry students must have the realization of the characteristics of liquids and
their components. The nature of liquid is usually based on the components present
inside, such as quality and quantity of solute, density, volume, and temperature. The
nature of two different solutions must be different just because they have different
components. So, the density in each solution varies depending on the constituents.
To illustrate, the experiments were performed to determine the density and
percentage of concentration through a variety of different solutions like sugar
solutions and the solutions of coke and soft drinks like diet cola and to check the
comparison in between and the other experiment was conducted to check the
relationship between these variables. This experiment concluded the direct
relationship between the concentration of sugar and density and also clinched that
sugar levels in both kinds of soft drinks (coke and diet cola) are the same.
Introduction:
In the solutions, the concentration of solutes is an essentially important
entity. Sugar density in the solution can be used to determine to compare the
solute concentration with other solutions. For this purpose, density is
considered an important variable. This laboratory aims to discover the
density of a series of sugar and water solution, determine the concentration
of it, and draw a calibration curve to analyze the relationship between both
density and concentration (Henderson, 1998).
Cold drinks are being a major part of our lives. It seems attractive but has
major side effects. Many kinds of research have been made on determining
the densities in diet soda and sugar-filled cold drinks. Students were
introduced to the purpose of the lab and the equations they will be using
during the two experiments the density equation and the concentration
equation (LaPorte, 2009). The First experiment was about measuring the
density and the concentration of sugar-water solution by ganging the amount
of solute and solvent in every solution, after all the data was recorded, we
upload it on the screen so we can get the curve and the formula of that curve.
Cold drinks are usually a mixture of many chemicals, these chemicals can be
used for investigatory purposes. Sugar concentrations are a viral entity for
determining the nature of the solution (Gipps, 2001). The second experiment
was performed by meticulous calculation and observation. by weighing the
mass and finding the cola and Diet Cola density. We rebate the weighting
part two times for each soft drink and calculate the average weight for an
accurate result, We learned that by dividing mass and volume, we can
calculate the density. We used the formula we got from the densityconcentration curve to calculate the concentration as an x value.
Apparatus/materials:
 Diestel Water
 Burette
 Drubber
 Erlenmeyer flask (100ml , 250ml)
 Graduated cylinder (10ml)
 Weighing balance
 Weighing boat
 Stirring rod

spoon
 Thermometer
 Calculator





Beakers (100ml)
Sugar
Light cola
Normal coca cola
Computer software for graphing data
Methodology:
First of all, a dry and clean beaker (100 ml) was taken and weighed accurately. Water
(47.5 ml) was taken in a graduated cylinder and poured into the beaker (100 ml) and
weighed again with water. Then sugar (2.5 gram) was added into that beaker. Sugar
was weighed accurately mass recording of sugar and measuring the difference. Sugar
was dissolved into the water present in the beaker with a stir rod while continuous
stirring unless a homogenous mixture was obtained. The temperature of this solution
was noted. A dry and clean graduated cylinder (25 ml) was taken and sugar solution
was taken out (10 ml) through it accurately. This procedure was performed from one
to five times to get accurate measurements and in every procedure, sugar and water
concentrations were changed and labeled from 1 to 5 to avoid any mistake. All these
measurements were recorded in the table given below.
The sugar-water amounts table:
Solution 1 Solution 2
Sugar (g)
2.5
5
Water (ml) 47.5
45
The temperature table:
Solution 1
Temperature 22.2
(c)
The 10ml solution:
Solution 1
mass (g)
9.57
volume
10
(ml)
Solution 2
22.3
Solution 2
9.79
10
Solution 3
6
44
Solution 3
22.4
Solution 3
9.86
10
Solution 4
7.5
42.5
Solution 5
8
41.5
Solution 4
22.4
Solution 5
22.5
Solution 4
10.06
10
Solution 5
10.13
10
Discussion on Results/Data:
Density can be defined as the ratio of mass to volume of any object. The greater the
density, the greater will be the ratio of mass to volume. Any solution’s density can
be determined by the density and its components relative components. Incase if the
solution is solvent in the solvent then the relation between density and relative
solvent/solvent volume is represented by the first equation.
Based on the first experiment results we found the directly proportional relationship
between concentration and density, as we increased the concentration of sugar the
density of the solution increased as well.
This experiment also proved a directly proportional relationship between the
concentration and temperature of the solution.
Flat soda is a type of solution in which sugar is solvent and water or flavoring is also
a solvent. Assumptions were made by using the relationship between the density of
soda and sugar percentage (Equation 1), and the calibration curve was established,
sugar density equation was given as follows.
Sugar percentage was calculated through flat soda by comparing the calculations
obtained by expected density and real density through the calibration curve of
flat soda.
Water with coke.
Calculations of experiment 1
1. The concentration of mass of sugar and water
Mass
of
Mass of water
Concentration
sugar(g)
(g)
%
Solution 1
2.5
47.5
5%
Solution 2
5
45
10%
Solution 3
6
44
12%
Solution4
7.5
42.5
15%
Solution 5
8
41.5
16.2%
Concentration % = mass of sugar(g) / (mass of sugar (g) + mass of water(g)) x
100
Solution 1
= 2.5(g)/ (2.5g + 47.5g) x 100
= 5%
Solution 2
= 5(g)/ (5g + 45g) x 100
=10%
Solution 3
= 6(g)/ (6g + 44g) x 100
=12%
Solution 4
=7.5(g)/ (7.5g + 42.5g) x 100
=15%
Solution 5
= 8(g)/ (8g + 41.5g) x 100
=16.2%
2. Density for the mass of the solution
Mass
water (g)
Volume
(mL)
Density
Solution 1
of 9.57
Solution 2
9.79
Solution3
9.86
Solution 4
10.06
Solution5
10.13
10mL
10mL
10mL
10mL
10mL
0.957
0.979
0.986
1.006
1.013
Density= mass/volume
Solution 1
=9.57g/10mL
=0.957g/mL
Solution 2
=9.79g/10ml
=0.979g/mL
Solution 3
=9.86g/10mL
=0.986g/mL
Solution 4
=10.06g/10mL
=1.006g/mL
Solution 5
=10.13g/10mL
=1.013g/mL
1. Graph of density and concentration%
Trail 1 Drink 1(Diet)
Trail 2Drink 2(Normal)
Mass of (10)mL Trail 1
9.62
10.19
Mass of (10)mL Trail 2
9.73
10.17
Average mass
9.675
10.18
Density
0.967
1.018
Concentration
7.38%
17.58%
Concentration equation y=0.005x+0.9301
4. Calculations of experiment 2
Trail 1 drink 1 (Diet)
Average mass= mass of trail 1+mass of trail 2 / 2
9.62+9.73
=19.35 /2
=9.675 g
Density=mass/volume
=9.675/10
=0.967 g/mL
Concentration%
Density =0.005x+0.9301
0.967=0.005x+0.9301
x=7.38
=7.38%
Trail 2 drink 2 (Diet)
Average mass= mass of trail 2+mass of trail 2 / 2
=10.19+10.17
=20.35/2
=10.18
Density=mass/volume
=10.18/10g/mL
=1.018g/mL
Concentration
Density =0.005x+0.9301
1.018=0.005x+0.9301
x= 17.58
=17.58%
Conclusion
In conclusion, the first experiment explains the relation of density versus
concentration, which we learn that different density in a solution depends on the
amount of sugar added to it. The more sugar adds to the solution, the higher
concentration or, the less sugar adds to the lowest the concentration. For the
second experiment, we have used two different types of commercial drinks from
the same brand (Coca-Cola) first diet and then normal. Also, this experiment was
awareness to us not to believe in any marketing. Consequently, people think they
are on the safe side, and when they are choosing diet soft drinks with less sugar,
the sugar amount is quite similar. For this reason, people should be careful to
choose the right food and drink.
References:
1: Henderson, S.K., Fenn, C.A. and Domijan, J.D., 1998. Determination of sugar
content in commercial beverages by density: A novel experiment for general
chemistry courses. Journal of chemical education, 75(9), p.1122.
2: LaPorte, M.M., Sanger, M.J. and Humphreys, T.C., 2009. Using soda cans to
teach
physical
science
students
about
density. Journal
of
Chemical
Education, 86(2), p.209.
3: Gipps, J., 2001. Cola chemistry and data logging. Australian Science Teachers
Journal, 47(1), p.57.