Goal 1: I can define atoms and give examples
Atom: The atom is the basic building block for all matter in the universe. Atoms
are extremely small and are made up of a few even smaller particles. The basic
particles that make up an atom are electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Goal 2 & 3: I can identify, compare, contrast the three subatomic particles
Proton: Positively charged subatomic particle that is in the nucleus of an atom.
They make up most of the weight of an atom.
Electron: Negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached
to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom. Electrons in atoms exist in spherical
shells of various radii, representing energy levels.
Neutron: Neutral (no net charge) subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an
atom.
Goal 4: I can describe ancient greek model of matter
See your lecture notes
1.
2.
3.
4.
Goal 5: I can list the Main Points of Daltons Atomic Theory
All matter is composed of atoms. They cannot be divided and are
indestructible.
All atoms of an element are identical. But different elements are made of
different atoms of differing size and mass.
Compounds are composed of combinations of atoms in set ratios.
Chemical reactions resulted in the rearrangement of the reacting atoms.
Goal 6: Daltons evidence for atoms existence
See your lecture notes.
Goal 7: I can draw and label Daltons Model of of matter
Goal 8: I can explain Thomson's experiment in detail
(warning--boring. Video in order for this one.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xKZRpAsWL8
See lecture notes for more detail if needed.
Goal 9: I can explain Thompson's observations & Conclusions
Very simplified: He observed electrons (what he called negatively charged subparticles.)
We need to go over your lecture notes to see specific details. He wrote at length about
his observations (hundreds of pages on this experiment.)
Goal 10: I can draw and label Thompson Model (Plum Pudding lol)
Goal 10: I can explain Rutherford's Experiment in Great Detail
A) Gold foil experiment: A radioactive element that emitted alpha particles was directed
toward a thin sheet of gold foil that was surrounded by a screen which would allow
detection of the deflected particles.
(B) According to the plum pudding model, all of the alpha particles should have passed
through the gold foil with little or no deflection. Rutherford found that a small percentage
of alpha particles were deflected at large angles, which could be explained by an atom
with a very small, dense, positively-charged nucleus at its center (bottom).
Rutherford needed to come up with an entirely new model of the atom in order to
explain his results. Because the vast majority of the alpha particles had passed
through the gold, he reasoned that most of the atom was empty space. In
contrast, the particles that were highly deflected must have experienced a
tremendously powerful force within the atom. He concluded that all of the
positive charge and the majority of the mass of the atom must be concentrated in
a very small space in the atom's interior, which he called the nucleus. The
nucleus is the tiny, dense, central core of the atom and is composed of protons
and neutrons.
I can draw and Label Rutherford's Model
(this is the one we usually see today)
Goal 11: Compare and Contrast Thomson & Rutherford
Thomson
Compare
Rutherford
Discovered
electron
Both discovered atomic
Sub Particles using
chemistry and physics
Discovered proton
He thought the atom was
a positively charged
cloud with negative
particles (electrons)
Rutherford built on
Thomson's theory.
He discovered that the
positive part of the atom
is actually at the core.
He thought that electrons
were scattered about
evenly throught the
positively charged
pudding area
He thought electrons
orbited the nucleus like
planets around the sun
*Rutherford= thought electrons orbited like planets around the sun
Goal 12: I can explain how Electron, Proton, Neutron were discovered and by who
Electron
Tompson
Cathode Ray experiment
Proton/Nucleus
Rutherford
Gold foil experiment
Neutron
Chadwick
Beryllium experiment
Goal 13: I can explain Bohrs Model of the atom and the evidence for energy
levels
In the Bohr model of the atom, electrons travel in defined circular orbits around
the nucleus.
Electrons can move from one energy level to another when the atom gains/loses
energy.
Energy
Reaction
Example
Gains
Endothermic
Energy gained when heat is produced during a
(endo=inside) fireworks explosion
thermic-heat
Loses
Exothermic
(Exo=exit)
thermic-heat
Energy lost as fireworks emit light. Light is often a
sight of energy being released.
Goal 14: Electron Cloud Model:
See notes. Self explanatory. What we just learned about from Rutherford/Tompson.
Goal 15: I can distinguish the ground state from the excited state of an atom
Goal 16:Identify Excited & Ground State Based on Electron Configuration
Goal 17: Identify Excited/Ground When an atom gives off light
Bohr Diagram for Carbon 12
Atomic #
Atomic
Mass
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Energy
Levels
Valence
Electrons
6
12
6
6
6
2
4
Watch youtube videos on bohr diagrams & memorize how to find how many
protons, electrons, neutrons from looking at the periodic table. We will work on
Bohr diagram, Lewis Dot, and lab Thursday