THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF RELAPSE ON DRUG
DEPENDENCE AMONG THE AFTERCARE CLIENTS
A RESEARCH
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
Capitol University
Cagayan de Oro City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the course Research Methodology in
Guidance and Counseling
JO AUGUSTINE G. CORPUZ
VIRGIE L. REQUILMAN
MELORIE CLAIRE R. QUIRAO
May 2019
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled “THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF RELAPSE ON
DRUG DEPENDENCE AMONG THE AFTERCAE CLIENTS” prepared and
submitted by JO AUGUSTINE G. CORPUZ, VIRGIE L. REQUILMAN and
MELORIE CLAIRE R. QUIRAO in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the course Research Methodology has been examined and
recommended for oral examination.
JOSEPHINE O. OTED, PhD
Professor
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Panel of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the course Research Methodology with a grade of
Passed.
EDWIN C. DU, PhD
Chairperson
EVELYN K. MONTECALVO, PhD
Member
JOSEPHINE O. OTED, PhD
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the course Research Methodology in the degree MA Guidance and
Counseling.
EDWIN C. DU, PhD
Dean, Graduate School
iii
ABSTRACT
Recovering from drug dependence has been difficult for clients who
are already released to the community but is still undergoing a treatment
program. Thus, this study aimed to explore the contributing factors of
relapse among the aftercare clients who are undergoing continuous
treatment program in one of the rehabilitation center in Cagayan de oro
city. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the clients demographic
profile in terms of age, gender, marital status, family income, educational
level and occupation. The factors that contributes to the relapse among
clients, the clients’ perspective on the treatment procedure was also
investigated. The study used a descriptive method of research using
quantitative and qualitative technique of data collection. A researcher
made survey questionnaire was given to the purposively selected aftercare
clients to gather data.
The significant findings of the study reveals that internal factors do
not trigger the clients to use drugs again. However, external factors such
as peer pressure and the availability and accessibility of the illegal drugs
in the community contributes a lot in the relapse of the clients. Moreover,
majority of the clients are satisfied with the
treatment procedure.
Additionally, the seminars, group sharing and prayer meetings were
helpful in their rehabilitation process. Although the treatment program
was commendable, some of the clients reported disappointments on the
behavior of some of the other clients and staffs.
Therefore, the findings disclose that external factors greatly
determine the relapse among drug dependents particularly the influence
of friends and the accessibility of drugs in the community. It is therefore
recommended that, clients in the aftercare program should be put into
stricter monitoring not only by the rehabilitation facility personnel but also
by the immediate family and community of the client.
Keywords: Aftercare Program, Drug Dependence, Relapse Factors
iv
ACKNOLWEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their sincere appreciation and
gratitude to the people who helped them for the success of this endeavor.
To the researchers’ adviser, Dr. Josephine O. Oted, for her
exemplary support, expertise and patience in checking the draft to enrich
the study.
To the Dean of the Graduate School, Dr. Edwin C. Du, for his
expertise and guidance to make this study substantial.
To the researcher’s panelists, Dr. Evelyn Montecalvo, Dr.
Josephine Oted, and Dr. Edwin Du for their brilliant ideas, suggestions
and recommendations to deepen the study.
Above all, to the Almighty God, for the love, wisdom and good
health to successfully achieve and complete the study.
v
DEDICATION
The researchers would like to dedicate this work to the Almighty
Father for giving them good health, courage, patience and determination
to finish this study.
To their family and children, for the love, encouragement and moral
support in times of tiring moments felt along the study.
To their different School Administrators and Regional Head Director,
for their understanding and support.
To all their friends, and colleagues for the support and friendship.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE
i
APPROVAL SHEET
ii
ABSTRACT
iii
ACKNOLWEDGEMENT
iv
DEDICATION
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
LIST OF TABLES
ix
CHAPTER 1
1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
1
Theoretical Framework
3
Conceptual Framework
4
Schematic Diagram
7
Statement of the Problem
8
Significance of the Study
8
Scope and Limitations
9
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
10
12
vii
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
20
Research Design
20
Research Locale
20
Sampling Design
21
Research Respondents
21
Research Instrument
21
Data Gathering
22
Scoring Procedure
23
Statistical Treatment of Data
24
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND
25
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Problem 1
25
Problem 2
29
Problem 3
33
Problem 4
37
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND
39
RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
44
APPENDIXES
46
APPENDIX A
46
APPENDIX B
48
APPENDIX C
49
APPENDIX D
64
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Study
7
ix
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Scale of indicators of clients that reflects their
agreement of how certain factors affect their
urge to relapse.
24
Frequency and Percentage distribution of
respondents according to their age.
26
Frequency Distribution of Gender of the
respondents
26
Frequency distribution and percentage of the
marital status of the clients
27
Frequency distribution and percentage of the
family income of the clients
27
Frequency distribution and percentage of the
educational attainment of the Aftercare clients
28
Frequency distribution and percentage of the
occupation of the Aftercare clients
28
Mean distribution for gathering the internal
factors that affects the relapse of Aftercare
clients.
Table 9: Mean distribution for gathering the
external factors that affects the relapse of
Aftercare clients
30
32
Table
10
Frequency distribution and percentage of the
factors that made Aftercare clients decide to
use drugs again.
Table
11
Frequency and percentage of the favorable
part in the Aftercare Program
35
Table
12
Frequency and percentage of the least
favorable part in the Aftercare Program
36
33
x
Table
13
Table
14
Frequency and percentage of the part that
helped the Aftercare clients in their
rehabilitation
Frequency and percentage of the suggestions
and recommendations of the Aftercare clients
in improving the effectiveness of their
treatment program
37
38
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Substance abuse has been an enduring public issue globally (Bonn
et al., 2016). This problem was given importance by the Philippine
government during the newly appointed president assumed office.
According to the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB), there are 1.8 million
current drug users in the Philippines, and 4.8 million Filipinos report
having used illegal drugs at least once in their lives (Simbulan et al., 2019).
This suggests that there is a problem on substance dependence among
Filipinos.
As a response to the problem of substance dependence among
Filipinos, the Philippine government tried to aid the drug user surrenders
in their journey to recover. Despite the government’s efforts, there are still
others who returned to using addictive substances. Relapse can be
induced by either or both internal and external factors.
Internal factors are intrapersonal situations that triggers the person
to use the substance again. These occurs when the individuals use an
illegal drug to appease his or her craving, to intensify the feelings of
happiness or pleasure and or to test his or her capability to control his or
her self under the influence of the illegal drug. External factors on the
other hand are situations or persons that may influence the individual.
2
External factors include, using illegal drugs to appease others or to
deal with the positive or negative emotions that an individual feel towards
others. To prevent client from relapse certain rehabilitation facilities,
provide Aftercare programs.
The aftercare program, is a process in which clients who are released
back to their community after a few months of being rehabilitated inside
the institution is being monitored for eighteen months. They will undergo
constant drug tests, as well as counseling. However, despite the changes
that has been seen through the clients during the rehabilitation process
an estimate of 55% of the aftercare clients tends to relapse. Moreover,
during the clients’ random drug test during their mandatory monthly
reporting some of the clients resulted positive, this is according to the
report of one of the case managers in the rehabilitation facility (Preresearch interview, May 2019).
In line with this, the researchers would like to know the factors
contributing to the relapse among the AFTERCARE clients of one of the
rehabilitation center in Cagayan de Oro. Moreover, the researchers seek
the perspective of the clients on the favorable treatment programs and
improvements that are needed to be made.
Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored to the Cognitive Behavioral Framework of
Marlatt, et al, (1985) as cited by Marlatt & Witkiewitz (2005).
3
Relapse refers to the occurrence when an individual return in using
substance after a period of abstinence. It is considered to be natural in
most cases of drug recovering individuals. A relapse does not mean a
failure in treatment. Addiction is considered as a mental disorder, that
causes individuals to compulsively engage in drug use, despite the known
consequences. (Gonzales, 2018). Moreover, relapse has been viewed as
both an outcome of an individual’s illness and a change in behavior
resulting into a transgression of an individual in the process, (Brownwell,
et al, 1992). Hence, the Cognitive-Behavioral model of relapse was made.
Any individual who tries to change a problematic behavior, has a
high probability to reenact the discontinued behavior. These instances
then often lead to relapse, (Polivy & Herman, 2002).
The cognitive-behavioral model focuses on an individual’s response
during a situation where they are in risk of relapsing. This includes the
interaction between an individual’s thought, affect, self-efficacy, and
expectations, and their environmental factors such as social influences,
and exposure and access to the substance. An individual who lacks an
effective coping mechanisms or confidence in dealing with the situation
may give way into their temptation and urges. The decision on whether to
use or not use is then be supported by the person’s outcome expectations
of the effects of substance usage, (Jones, et al, 2001). Individuals who
indulges become vulnerable to “abstinence violation effect” (AVE), which
4
includes self-blame, guilt, and loss of control that often experience by
individuals after they violated their self-imposed rules, (Curry, et al, 1987).
The AVE encompasses both cognitive and affective components. Affective
component relates to the feelings of guilt, shame, and hopelessness,
(Marlatt, 1985), which is often triggered by the unmatched between one’s
prior abstainer identity, one’s present lapse behavior. The cognitive
component is based on attribution theory (Weiner, 1974). The theory
assumes that if the individual attributes that a lapse is a factor that is
internal, and uncontrollable, then most likely relapse risk is heightened.
However, if an individual view it as external, unstable, and controllable,
then probability of relapse is decreased, (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985).
Individuals who view lapses as a learning experience are more likely to try
and venture out other alternative coping mechanisms in the future, which
may lead to a response that are more effective in some high-risk situations.
(Laws, et al, 1995).
Conceptual Framework
Drug dependency treatment is a long process. It not only needs the
participation of the drug user but the support of his or her family and
community as well. In most cases, due to ignorance on the process or the
lack of right knowledge about it, the clients are not given the support they
need to complete the recovery process and often, relapse.
5
Relapse is considered a full blown return to the addiction (Jiloha,
R.C., 2011). Moreover, relapse is triggered by internal and external
situations. Internal contributory factors to relapse could be uncomfortable
feelings, such as being depressed, anxious, stressed or re-remembering of
certain traumas in one’s life. External factors that triggers relapse are
influence by friends and family and liquor stores and people that the
individual are associated with.
Additionally, Jiloha (2011) Internal situations or intrapersonalenvironmental determinants are the individual’s reactions to nonpersonal
environmental events. It could be classified into the individuals coping
with negative emotional state, that is dealing with emotions such as anger,
frustrations or stress. Coping with physical-physiological states, this is
when the individual relapsed to appease their “physical craving or their
“withdrawal agony”. Another is the enhancement of positive emotional
states, wherein the substance is used to amplify positive feelings such as
pleasure and joy. Testing personal control this is usually done by the client
to prove or to test his or her ability to control his or her urges by “trying it
just once”. Lastly, giving in to temptations or urges, this is when the client
uses drugs to give in to his or her own cravings without any influence from
others.
On the other hand, external or interpersonal determinants are those
that are associated with the act of relapse due to the presence or influence
of other individuals. One of which is to cope with interpersonal conflict,
6
wherein the client reverted to using drugs to suppress his or her negative
emotions towards another person. Social pressure is when the client was
urged to use drugs to appease or to respond to the influence of others
whether direct or indirectly. Additionally, enhancement of positive
emotional states, by using drugs to please another person can also trigger
the client to relapse (Jiloha, 2011).
The aforementioned information motivated the researchers to learn
the factors contributing to the relapse of the clients of one of the
rehabilitation centers in Cagayan de Oro City.
7
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Demographic Profile:






Age
Gender
Marital Status
Economic Status
Educational Level
Occupation
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
Contributing Factors:


Internal Factors
External Factors
Improvements to Increase
Treatment Effectiveness
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the study
8
Statement of the Problem
This study dealt with the factors contributing to relapse among
AFTERCARE Clients Undergoing Continuous Treatment Program of One
of the Rehabilitation Centers of Cagayan de Oro City. Specifically, it
answered the following questions.
1. What is the demographic profile of the recovering drug dependents
in terms of:
1.1
Age
1.2
Gender
1.3
Marital Status
1.4
Family Income
1.5
Educational Level
1.6
Occupation
2. What are the factors that contributes to the relapse among clients?
3. From the perspective of clients, which part of the treatment
program are favorable and what are the limitations?
4. What improvements would be suggested by the clients to increase
program effectiveness?
9
Scope and Limitation
This research sought to know the contributing factors of relapse of
the AFTERCARE clients of one of the rehabilitation centers of Cagayan de
Oro City. Moreover, the study was delimited to the current 25 drug
dependent clients of the said establishment. Additionally, the study aimed
to discover which treatment components seems favorable to the clients as
well as the improvements that they think will help in increasing the
treatment effectiveness of the program.
Significance of the Study
This study on the contributing factors of relapse of the AFTERCARE
clients of the rehabilitation centers of Cagayan de Oro City may provide a
baseline data to certain groups of people or institutions who might find
this useful in their fields of concern:
AFTERCARE Clients. This study will encourage the clients to internalize
the value of the efforts they are making in their sobriety, through
understanding and carefully considering the factors that may lead them
to relapse. This study will help to provide better treatment program to the
clients thus, helps to minimize the possibility of relapse among the clients.
The results of the study will also help them in pointing out the factors that
leads to their relapse and will made the treatment process easier for them.
The Rehabilitation Center. This study will provide insights that will be
helpful in the improvement of their treatment program. This will also help
10
in narrowing the contributing factors of relapse from which the program
should be focuses on eliminating or to minimize to prevent relapse among
their clientele. Furthermore, this study may lead the rehabilitation centers
to widen their outlook in the provision of services and programs that
conform to their clients’ preference.
Immediate Family. This study will provide information to the family or
immediate support of the clients to be aware of their tasks and roles in
their client’s sobriety. Moreover, this will help them in giving aid in the
treatment process of the client.
Future Researchers. This study can be a basis for further research and
exploration on the problems presented.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are given operational definitions in order to
facilitate understanding of the study.
AFTERCARE Clients. This refers to the rehabilitation center’s outpatient
clientele. They will also be the respondents of this study.
Drug Dependence. It is a state of psychic or physical dependence, or both,
on a drug, arising in a person following administration of that drug on a
periodic or continuous basis (Eddy, et al. 1965). In this study, it refers to
the clinical diagnosis of the client by the psychologist.
11
External Factors. Anything that triggers the client to relapse that involves
outside influence.
Internal Factors. It refers to any factors that contribute to the relapse of
the client. This only involves the internal states of the clients, such as his
or her thoughts, emotions or the feelings or sensations that he or she
experiences.
Rehabilitation center in Cagayan de Oro City. The establishment where
the study will be conducted.
Relapse. In this study, it refers to the client’s act of taking drugs after
abstinence or while the treatment process.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In this review of previous studies and related literature, information
is presented in support of the contributing factors of relapse of the
AFTERCARE clients undergoing continuous treatment program.
Substance Dependence in the Philippines
During the inauguration of our current president, he waged a war
on illegal drugs by strengthening the implementation of the Republic act
no. 9165 or the Comprehensive Dangerous act of 2002. He gave an
emphasis on getting rid of the illegal drugs in the Philippines.
According to the Command Memorandum Circular No. 16- 2016 of
the National Police Commission (2016), the Dangerous Drug Board's 2015
National Household Survey, found that there were around 1.8 million drug
users in the country wherein 38.36% of which are unemployed. Moreover,
on February 2016, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency reported that
26.91% or 11,321 out of the country's 42,065 barangays were "drug
affected" (mostly in urban areas). A drug-affected barangay is when it is
proven that there exists a drug user, pusher, manufacturer, marijuana
cultivator or drug personalities regardless of number in the area. On
record, NCR has the highest rate of affectation with 92.96% of the region's
barangays, followed by CALABARZON at 49.28%. Additionally, PDEA's
2015 arrest data suggests that methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu
13
(90%) reportedly tops the list of most abused illegal drugs, followed by
marijuana and costly party drugs like cocaine and ecstasy.
According to Raymundo (2017) as cited by Hechanova (n.d) 1.18
million illegal drug users have surrendered as of March 2017. There were
also 44, 070 arrests and 2, 206 fatalities according to Palatino, (2017).
Relapse Among Drug Dependent Clients
As the person undergoes the process of recovery he or she
encounters several barriers that often leads to relapse. Basically, in an
attempt to change a problematic behavior, there is a high probability that
an individual may encounter an initial setback (lapse). A return to the
previous problematic behavior pattern or relapse is one of the possible
outcomes following the initial setback, (Witkiewitz and Marlatt, 2004).
Relapse among clients that undergoes rehabilitation can be attributed to
either internal or external factors.
Internal Factors Contributing to Relapse
Internal contributory factors to relapse are those determinants that
elicits the individual to revert to using illegal drugs. In addition, Berzinski
and Zgierska (n.d.) identified factors such as low self-efficacy, positive
outcome expectancy related to substance use, lack of motivation for or
ambivalence to positive change; insufficient adaptive coping skills,
especially in high-risk situations, negative affect; and perhaps, the
14
occurrence of craving prompts relapse among clients. In general, selfefficacy in general is a predictor of outcomes across all types of addictive
behavior including drug use (Sklar, et al. 1999 as cited by Witkiewitz and
Marlatt, 2004).
Self-efficacy may be defined as the belief a person has to achieve a
desired outcome (Bandura, 1977). It is self-efficacy that determines the
amount of energy one puts into the process of attempting to change an
undesired behavior (Bandura, 1999). It follows that, the higher the selfefficacy of an individual the lesser he or she will relapse. Moreover, in one
study by Burling, et al., (1989) as cited by Chavarria et al. (2012), it was
found out that those who abstain from using illicit drugs have higher selfefficacy scores than persons who relapsed at a follow up assessment; other
studies also showed that higher self-efficacy scores upon discharge from a
treatment center predicted later abstinence (Goldbeck, et al., 1997;
Greenfield et al., 1998). Positive outcome expectancy can also trigger
relapse.
Positive outcome expectancy is the patient’s belief that substance
use brings positive effects, e.g., sociability, decreased anxiety (Berzinski
and Zgierska, n.d.). Depending on the strength and valence (whether the
person anticipates either a positive or a negative experience) of the belief,
these beliefs have either positive or negative influence on the behavior of
the respondent, the previous effects of a substance is also a factor
(Witkiewitz
and
Marlatt,
2004).
Positive
reinforcement
outcome
15
expectancies are associated with poorer outcomes in treatment as
demonstrated in a treatment outcome studies (Connors, et al., 1993 as
cited by Witkiewitz and Marlatt, 2004) and that negative outcome
expectancies are related to improved outcomes (Jones & McMahon, 1996).
This expectancies of the client are also related to their motivation to
improve or to get better.
Additionally, Bolles (1972) as cited by by Witkiewitz and Marlatt
expounded that based on the tenets of operant conditioning, the
motivation to use drugs in a certain situation is based on the positive or
negative reinforcement value of a specific result in that situation. The
motivation of the client reflects his or her self-control. Thus, the higher the
motivation of the client is, the higher the possibility of him or her
controlling his or her urges. However, most drug dependent clients have
difficulty maintaining sufficient adaptive coping skills.
Coping is a process where the drug dependents attempt to adopt
cognitive and behavioral measures to manage, lessen or bear situations
that are challenging or exceed their usual resources (MacNeill et al., 2016
as cited by McCann and Lubman, 2017). Specifically, adaptive coping
usually is characterized by self-help, where the client plans ahead, seek
information and enlist social support (if necessary), whereas maladaptive
coping may include avoidance and self-punishment (MacNeill et al., 2016;
Zuckerman & Gagne, 2003 as cited by McCann and Lubman, 2017).
16
Failure to adapt to certain situations may result to the client experiencing
negative affect.
Negative emotional states, such as anger, anxiety, depression,
frustration, and boredom, which are also referred to as intrapersonal highrisk situations, are associated with the highest rate of relapse (Marlatt and
Gordon, 1985 as cited by Larimer et al., 1999). aversive including feeling
of depression, loneliness, sadness, boredom, fear, anxiety, tension, worry,
apprehension, grief, loss, or emotional states other than frustration/anger
that are unpleasant and other similar dysphoric states may trigger relapse
(Jiloca, 2011). Aside from negative emotional states, the occurrence of
craving may also prompt relapse among clients.
Siegel, et al., (2000) as cited by Witkiewitz and Marlatt, (2004)
proposed that both craving and symptoms of withdrawal which are
conditioned by several exposures to drug-related stimuli (e.g., seeing an
advertisement for a desired brand of cigarettes) that is particularly if paired
with the physical effects of a drug, may act as drug-compensatory
responses. Therefore, drug cues stimulate a physiological reaction to
prepare the individual for the drug effects. On the basis of this model,
withdrawal and craving may be limited to situations in which preparatory
responses to drug effects have been learned (Siegel et al., 2000; Wenger &
Woods, 1984).
17
Aside from these internal factors that triggers relapse among the
AFTERCARE clients. There are also external factors that are needed to be
considered.
External Factors Contributing to Relapse
External factors or Interpersonal factors are elements that triggers
relapse among substance dependent clients such as the client’s social
support (i.e. friends and family of the person), the movies or anything that
represents the substance and people that are associated with that (Jiloca,
2011). Social support can either assist in the maintenance of abstinence
or foster relapse (McQuaid et al., 2018).
Additionally, according to McQuaid, et al. (2018) increased risk of
relapsing is linked with the lack of supportive social networks (e.g., most
people around you were using alcohol or other drugs), lack of programs or
supports for maintaining recovery and the costs of recovery services.
Furthermore, the undesirable repercussions of the negative social support
may add to the higher risk for relapse.
The potentially negative facets of social support are acknowledged
in the addictions literature (Tucker 1979; Reed 1985 as cited by Tims and
Leufeld, 1990). Drug dependents may receive general social support, but
it may not include support for achieving and maintaining abstinence. The
support that the network members’ offer may not be a means to cope with
apprehensions that concerns the maintenance of abstinence of the drug
18
dependent if they are unaware of, or not sensitive to, the dependents’
problem (Tims and Leufeld, 1990). Furthermore, some family relations that
look to be supportive may, in fact, promote relapse (e.g., Coleman 1980;
Stanton et al. 1982; Todd 1984 as cited by Tims and Leufeld, 1990). Aside
from the immediate support, a more disturbing factor is the undesirable
state of the family or the unsupportive household of the dependent.
The willingness of the drug dependent to undergo rehabilitation or
the recovery process of the drug dependent, rests greatly on the family
factors such as chaotic and unsupportive family conditions and strength
of the parent-child relationship (Qiu, 2016). Moreover, pressure from
families who wants the drug dependent to recover and turn immediately
made them forget the charge for the immediate pressure (Azmi, 2018).
Additionally, according to Azmi (2018), amongst other factors that have
been associated with relapsed addiction are peer pressures especially from
the old friends who still use drugs.
Furthermore, the peer pressure is seen as one of biggest
contributory factors on drug use and relapse. Especially during the
formative years of adolescence, peers influence others’ behavior through
constant association, and reinforcement (Bonn, et. al., 2016). This
association may temp the drug dependent to use illicit drug once again.
Other approach in treating drug addiction
Aside from the Cognitive Behavioral Framework that most of the
facilities follow, there is also an approach that is being followed by
19
rehabilitation centers. The 12-Steps model founded by Bill Wilson on
1983.
The basic philosophy of this model is that individuals can help each
other maintain and achieve abstinence from drug use. However, the
healing will not come about, unless the individual admits himself to a
higher power. Moreover, there are positive effects that are experienced by
individuals when they share their struggles with one another Wilson,
(1983), as cited by Thomas, (2019). The model has been adopted as a
program for a wide range of addiction group-support and self-help
programs that are designed to change the behaviors of the individuals.
The above literature and studies supports the data that is presented
in the study. This helps explain the interpretation and analysis of the data.
Its implications are supported with theories and other related literature
and studies that validate its findings.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the different components of research such as
research design, research locale, sampling design, research respondents,
research instrument, data gathering procedure, scoring procedure and
statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This study used a descriptive method of research. This method of
research is a fact finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation
of data which is represented by numbers. It describes the reasons for
relapse among the aftercare clients.
To further asses the results of the study and to give it more depth,
an interview was made.
Research Locale
The research study was conducted in one of the rehabilitation
facility in Cagayan de Oro City. This facility was facilitated by the National
Bureau of Investigation and on the later part of 2010 was turned over to
the Department of Health. The said facility caters Recovering Drug
Dependents (RRD’s) or Persons Who Use Drugs (PWUD’s). Most of which
are referred from jail with court order or those who were able to avail the
21
plea bargaining. Their clientele category is subdivided into two The InPatient and the Out-Patients. All of their clienteles have to undergo 18
months of aftercare treatment.
Sampling Design
The study used a purposive sampling design due to the community
based treatment of the clients, the availability of the respondents of the
study is unpredictable. Thus, the respondents of the study were based on
the availability and monthly follow up schedule of the AFTERCARE
program clients.
Research Respondents
The respondents of the study were the 30 AFTERCARE clients of one
of the rehabilitation centers in Cagayan de Oro city. The respondents were
purposively selected by their availability when the research was
conducted.
Research Instrument
The study used a researcher made survey questionnaire to gather
data. The questionnaire is subdivided into three parts; the first part was
utilized to gather the respondents’ profile. This includes the respondents’
gender, age, marital status, educational level and family income and
occupation. The Part II of the questionnaire focuses on the reasons of the
respondents for reusing drugs. The items consist of both internal and
22
external factors that may trigger the client to reuse drugs. The last part of
the questionnaire consists of open ended questions. This aimed to further
justify the results of the survey items on the second part of the test and to
know which part of the program are preferred by the clients. It further
sought to know the client’s perspective as to what part of the program
needs to be improved. In measuring the reliability and internal consistency
of the questionnaire the researchers utilized the Cronbach’s alpha
measurement.
Cronbach’s alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is, how
closely related a set of items are as a group. Technically speaking
Cronbach’s alpha is a coefficient of reliability (or consistency) and not a
statistical test. Theoretically, the results of Cronbach’s alpha are between
0 to 1. It is also possible to have a negative number, which indicates that
there is some trouble in the tool. A score of 0.70 above is considered as a
good and acceptable reliability.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers asked the permission of the Chief of Hospital
Psychiatrist of the rehabilitation facility to conduct the pilot testing of the
questionnaire to the In-Patient Recovering Drug Dependents (RRD’s). A
letter signed by the three researchers was given to the Chief Psychiatrist.
Upon receiving the approval of the Chief Psychiatrist, the researchers’
administered the survey questionnaire to the In-Patient RRD’s. The result
23
of the pilot testing was collated and was processed with the use of
Cronbach’s alpha to know the internal consistency of the questionnaire’s
items. After getting the coefficient alpha of the pilot test results which is
0.91, the researchers administered the questionnaire to the Out-Patient
RRD’s who are the recipient of the AFTERCARE program, and is the
targeted respondents of the study. The administration of the questionnaire
was done personally by the researchers. The researchers requested the
respondents to answer thoroughly the questionnaire. The survey
questionnaires were collected and tallied.
Scoring Procedure
The respondents were asked to indicate their responses using the
corresponding
scale
in
every
indicator
presented
in
the
questionnaire, specifically on the second part of the questionnaire.
survey
24
Table 1
Scale of indicators of clients that reflects their agreement of how
certain factors affect their urge to relapse.
Range
Description
Interpretation
3.26-4.00
Strongly Agree
Very High Effect
2.51-3.25
Agree
High Effect
1.76-2.50
Disagree
Low Effect
1.00-1.75
Strongly Disagree
Very Low Effect
Statistical Treatment
The data gathered were collated, integrated, analyzed, and
interpreted using the following statistical tools:
In analyzing and interpretation of the results gathered, frequency
count, and simple percentage were used in problem 1, and mean range
was used for problem 2, for problem 3, and problem 4 frequency and
percentage was used.
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data, analysis, and interpretation of all
the findings that were covered to answer all the problems presented in
chapter 1.
The data presented, arranged, and organized following the order of
the problems given in chapter 1.
Problem 1. What is the demographic profile of the recovering drug
dependents in terms of:
1.1
Age
1.2
Gender
1.3
Marital Status
1.4
Family Income
1.5
Educational Level
1.6
Occupation
Table 2 shows the distribution of the AFTERCARE clients according
to their age. There were 30 respondents of the study. Of the 30
respondents of this study. 9(30%) of the respondents are in between 3035 years old. Also, 7(23.33%) are in between 36-40 years old. This means
that most of the clients belong to the middle age of human development.
Additionally, as revealed, 9(36.67%) of the clients have an age between 2030 years old. This means that these clients have started using drugs while
they are young. Thus, it affected their life and development in early years.
26
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage distribution of respondents according to
their age.
Age
Frequency
Percentage
20-25
6
20.00
26-30
5
16.67
31-35
9
30.00
36-40
7
23.33
41-45
1
3.33
46-50
0
0.00
51-55
2
6.67
Total
30
100.00
According to gender as shown in Table 3, 28(93.33%) are male
clients, while only 2(6.67%) are females. As observed, there are more male
clients who are usually being taken in the program.
Table 3
Frequency Distribution of Gender of the respondents
Gender
Frequency
Percentage
Male
28
93.33
Female
2
6.67
Total
30
100
The data in Table 4 show the marital status of the participants. As
shown in the table, 12(40%) are married, while 17(56.67) are not. This
means that most of the respondents are single and do not have their own
family yet. Thus, majority of the respondents are not getting support from
their own family.
27
Table 4
Frequency distribution and percentage of the marital status of the
clients
Marital Status
Frequency
Percentage
Single
17
56.67
Married
12
40.00
Separated
1
3.33
Total
30
100.00
Table 5 shows the monthly family income of the respondents. As
observed in the table, 8(26.67%) of the respondents have no regular family
income. This means that most of the respondents are having financial
problems. However, 7(23.33%) respondents have some earnings of 9,001
pesos and above. This means that some of the clients have enough
earnings for their family and self.
Table 5
Frequency distribution and percentage of the family income of the
clients
Family Income
Frequency
Percentage
1000-3000
3
10.00
3001-5000
5
16.67
5001-7000
4
13.33
7001-9,000
3
10.00
9,001 and above
7
23.33
No Regular income
8
26.67
Total
30
100.00
According to the educational attainment of the respondents as
shown in table 6, 16(53%) of the respondents have attained High School
28
level, while only 3(10%) of them have finished a college degree. This means
that most of the respondents lack educational background that affects
their job application.
Table 6
Frequency distribution and percentage of the educational
attainment of the Aftercare clients
Education Level
Frequency
Percentage
Elementary
5
16.67
High School
16
53.33
College Level
6
20.00
College Graduate
3
10.00
Total
30
100.00
The data in table 7 shows that 21(70%) of the respondents are
currently have work, while 9(30%) currently do not have one. This means
that almost all of the respondents are working and having an income, while
some of them are dependent on their family or significant others’ income.
However, it is shown on the survey questionnaire that the occupations of
the clients were considered as blue collard jobs
Table 7
Frequency distribution and percentage of the occupation of the
Aftercare clients
Occupation
Frequency
Percentage
None
9
30.00
Working
21
70.00
Total
30
100.00
29
Problem 2. What are the factors that contributes to the relapse among
clients?
The tables visualize the corresponding factors that affects the
relapse of the respondents.
Internal Factors
The table 8 shows that all of the respondents have disagreed that
their thoughts, and affects can affect their tendency to relapse. It presents
that internal factors have a low effect in contributing to the relapse of the
clients. This implies that all of respondents’ thoughts and affect were
structured well during their rehabilitation in the facility. Moreover, it is
shown that all of the respondents do not agree that their self-efficacy
affects their reuse of drugs. This implies that the respondents believe in
their capability of controlling themselves in reusing drugs. As stated in the
study of Burling (1989), a high self-efficacy indicates that an individual
will abstain from using drugs again. Also, the respondents’ positive
expectations when using drugs are low, implying that most of the
respondents are well aware of the negative consequences that they can get
if they go back in using drugs. According to the study of Jones & McMahon
(1996), Negative outcome expectancies are related to improve the positive
outcome of the treatment. This expectations of the client are also related
to their motivation to improve and get better. In general, internal factors
such as thoughts, affects, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations have a
low effect in the relapse of the clients.
30
Table 8
Mean distribution for gathering the internal factors that affects the
relapse of Aftercare clients.
Internal Factors
Statements
Mean
Description
Interpretation
1. I think of using drugs whenever I am
bored
2.17
Disagree
Low effect
2. I use drugs when I am mentally
preoccupied (worried, anxious, stressed
etc.)
2.07
Disagree
Low effect
3. I think of using drugs to forget all my
problems.
1.97
Disagree
Low effect
4. I usually use drugs when I feel upset
(sad, angry, lonely).
2
Disagree
Low effect
5. I use drugs to feel at ease or relaxed
2
Disagree
Low effect
2.03
Disagree
Low effect
7. I can’t control myself not to use drugs
again.
1.63
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
8. I feel like using drugs is the only way for
me to live comfortably.
1.50
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
1.53
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
10. I use drugs because I remember the
pleasure of using it.
1.83
Disagree
Low effect
11. I believe that when I use drugs life will
be stress free
1.83
Disagree
Low effect
1.47
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
Thoughts
Affect
6. I use drugs to celebrate and be merry.
Self-Efficacy
9. I can’t live or function well without
using drugs
Outcome Expectation
12. I believe that using drugs makes me a
better person
31
The data in Table 9 shows that the family and friend factors do not
somehow affect their tendency to relapse. This means that their family’s
support helps the respondents in their sobriety and rehabilitation. As
stated by Qui, (2016), the willingness of the drug dependent individuals to
undergo rehabilitation, rest greatly on the family factor. Hence, majority of
the client disagree with the statement that their family can affect their
relapse. This implies that their family is aware of the clients’ situation and
is willing to help in any way that they can. Moreover, results show that
there are still drugs available, as well as drug pushers that continue to
exist, in the community of most of the respondents. This means that some
of their neighbors and friends can encourage and motivate them in using
drugs again. This implies that the anti-drug campaign from the
government is not yet fully successful. As stated by Jones (2001), exposure
and access to a drug substance could also lead to relapse. Additionally,
according to Bonn (2016), peer pressure is seen as one of the biggest
contributory factor on drug use and relapse. Hence, majority of the
respondents agreed that there are still access and existing drug substance
within their community that could affect their sobriety.
32
Table 9
Mean distribution for gathering the external factors that affects the
relapse of Aftercare clients.
EXTERNAL FACTORS
Statements
Mean
Description Interpretation
Family
13. My family doesn’t support me anyway,
so I continue using drugs.
1.50
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
14. My family, already categorized me as a
drug addict, so I don’t have any reasons to
stop using drugs.
1.83
Disagree
Low effect
15. My parents and siblings are always
fighting.
2.17
Disagree
Low effect
16. My friends are still using drugs, so I
can’t resist using again.
1.83
Disagree
Low effect
17. My friends encourage me to use again.
2.17
Disagree
Low effect
1.70
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
19. There are places in our community
where they are still using drugs.
2.83
Agree
High effect
20. A lot of our neighbors are using drugs.
2.53
Agree
High effect
21. There is no rehabilitation support
coming from our community
2.07
Disagree
Low effect
22. I am tempted to use again every time I
saw drug paraphernalia’s (lighter, foil, etc.)
1.77
Disagree
Low effect
23. Whenever I saw movies,
advertisements, news etc. related to drug
use. I feel like using again.
1.63
Strongly
Disagree
Very low effect
24. There are still existing drug pushers in
my community.
2.47
Disagree
Low effect
Friends
18. I feel like I don’t belong with the group,
if I don’t use drugs.
Community
Accessibility
33
To further gather the information of factors that contributes to the
relapse of the Aftercare clients, an open ended question was asked, stating,
what made them decide to use drugs again.
In table 10 it is shown that 10(33.33%) respondents have answered
that it is the because of the influence of their friends. Also, 8(26.67%)
respondents answered that it is because of family problems. These data
imply that external factors such as friends, and family could lead an
individual to relapse. As stated by McQuaid (2018), social support such as
family and friends can either assist in the maintenance of the abstinence,
or foster relapse. Thus, a negative situation in the family, such as
problems or conflict, as well as bad influence of friends, can lead
individuals to use drugs again.
Table 10
Frequency distribution and percentage of the factors that made
Aftercare clients decide to use drugs again.
What made you decide to use
drugs again?
Frequency
Percentage
None
5
16.67
Family Problem
8
26.67
Influenced by Friends
10
33.33
I do not use drugs anymore
4
13.33
Stressed, frustrations, and tired
2
6.67
Social stigma
1
3.33
Total
30
100
34
Problem 3. From the perspective of clients, which parts of the treatment
program are favorable and what are the limitations?
The researchers used two open ended questions to gather
information about the respondents’ perspective on which treatment
components are favorable and which is not favorable to them.
Table 11 shows that 9(30%) of the respondents like the Lecture part
of the rehabilitation program. This means that the clients are eager to learn
more about their disorder and are willing to be treated. Also 4(13.33%) of
the clients like the Prayer and Religious meetings. This implies that
connecting with God, helps the clients in overcoming their drug addiction.
Moreover, 4(13.33%) of the respondents like the group sharing part. This
means that sharing their thoughts and emotions with the group greatly
helps them to express what they think and how they feel. In this way, each
of the clients have the chance to listen to what others have to share and
advise. As cited by Thomas, (2019), surrendering oneself to a higher power
is the start of their sobriety. Also, sharing the struggles with the group can
make individual feel a positive experience. Thus, the respondents chose to
like these part of the program, as it helps them feel positive and strengthen
their spiritual power in treating their drug dependency.
35
Table 11
Frequency and percentage of the clients’ favorable part in the
Aftercare program
During the rehabilitation process, what part
of the process do you like the most?
Frequency
Percentage
None
2
6.67
Sessions
3
10.00
Prayer/religious meetings
4
13.33
Group sharing
4
13.33
Activities
2
6.67
Morning Meetings
3
10.00
Rules and Regulations
1
3.33
Family meetings/visitation
2
6.67
Lectures
9
30.00
Total
30
100.00
Table 12 shows that 8(26.67%) of the respondents answered none.
This means that most of them views all the process as helpful in their
sobriety, and it is for their own benefits. Moreover, 5(16.67) of the clients
do not agree with the too strictness of the rules and regulations of the
facility. This means that respondents find it hard sometimes to follow the
instructions of the facility and feels that their freedom has been took away
from them
36
Table 12
Frequency and percentage of the least favorable part of the
clients in the Aftercare Program
You like least?
Frequency
Percentage
None
8
26.67
All sessions
1
3.33
Too strict
5
16.67
Dishonesty
4
13.33
Attitude of staff and co-residence
2
6.67
Morning Meetings
4
13.33
Evening wrap-up
2
6.67
Group Sharing
2
6.67
Writing Journals
1
3.33
Others who discontinued their rehab
1
3.33
Total
30
100.00
Table 13 shows that 11(36.67) of the respondents, view that the
Lectures from the staffs help them most in their rehabilitation. This means
that most of the clients find the lectures very helpful in their sobriety.
Moreover, 5(16.67%) of the clients answered that their family helped them
most to be rehabilitated. This means that their care for the bond of their
family, and harmonious relationship help them persevere to complete the
process successfully. Also, 5(16.67%) of the respondents believe that drugs
cannot help them in anyway.
37
Table 13
Frequency and percentage of the part that helped the
Aftercare clients in their rehabilitation
What part do you think, helped you a lot
in your sobriety?
Frequency
Percentage
Being conscious of health
4
13.33
Belief that drugs cannot help me in any way
5
16.67
Family
5
16.67
My Spirituality/Religion
2
6.67
Lectures from staff
11
36.67
Job
1
3.33
None
2
6.67
Total
30
100.00
Problem 4. What improvements would be suggested by the clients to
increase treatment effectiveness?
Table 14 shows that 11(36.67%) of the respondents express that the
program is already effective in their treatment process. This means that
the respondents find the program to be as comprehensive and effective in
helping the clients in their sobriety. Also, 10(33.33%) of the clients, view
that friendly environment from staff and co-residence should be improved.
This means that due to different behaviors of each client, it is difficult to
avoid conflicts of ideas, and ways.
38
Table 14
Frequency and percentage of the suggestions and recommendations
of the Aftercare clients in improving the effectiveness of their
treatment program
Do you have any suggestion or
recommendations in your part for the
improvement or to improve the effectivity of
the treatment program? What will it be?
Frequency Percentage
Friendly environment from staff and co residence
10
33.33
Strictly implement the rules and regulations
6
20.00
More sharing of thoughts and feelings
2
6.67
More material support
1
3.33
The program is already effective
11
36.67
Total
30
100.00
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This
chapter
presents
the
summary,
significant
findings,
conclusion, and recommendations based on the result presented in
chapter 4.
Summary
This study aims to know what are the factors that contributes to the
relapse of AFTERCARE clients in one of the rehabilitation center of
Cagayan de Oro City. This study used a descriptive method of research to
describe the reasons for relapse among aftercare clients. The researchers
have devised a researcher made questionnaire, administered for pilot
testing, and got a 0.91 coefficient alpha. The questionnaire was then given
to the actual respondents of the study that aims to gather the factors that
contributes to the relapse of the aftercare clients. The data gathering lasted
for 4 days.
Summary of Findings
Problem 1. What is the demographic profile of the recovering drug
dependents in terms of age, gender, marital status, family income
educational level, and occupation?
There are 30 after care client respondents in this study. They are
composed of the youngest being 20 years old and the oldest 54 years old.
28 are males and 2 are females. More than half of the respondents are
40
single. Moreover, most of the respondents do not have a regular monthly
income, however, some of them are earning 9001 pesos and above every
month. Majority of the respondents have attained a High school level.
Lastly, Majority of the respondents are working or doing a personal job.
Problem 2. What are the factors that contributes to the relapse
among clients?
All of the respondents have answered that their thoughts, affect,
self-efficacy, and outcome expectations which are the internal factors, do
not contribute to their urges to use drugs again. However, some of the
external factors such as access of drugs through their community, show
that it can affect their relapse. Moreover, it has been shown in the open
ended question that one of the reason that the respondents use drugs
again is because of the influence of their friends who still use drugs.
Problem 3. From the perspective of clients, which treatment
components are favorable and what are the limitations?
Some of the treatment components that the aftercare clients liked is
the part where they were given lectures, group sharing, and prayer
meetings. On the other hand, do not have any dislikes on the whole
program. However, some of the respondents answered that morning
meetings, and dishonesty from co-residence and staff are, the some of the
things that they did not like in the program. Additionally, respondents
answered that lectures, and family support are some of the factors that
helped them in their rehabilitation process.
41
Problem 4. What improvements would be suggested by the clients
to increase treatment effectiveness?
Majority of the clients have answered that the program is already
effective as it is. Additionally, most of them suggested that the facility
should have a friendly environment from staff and co-residence.
Conclusion
Internal factors, such as the respondents’ thoughts, affect, selfefficacy, and outcome expectations do not contribute to their relapse. On
the other hand, External factors such as the respondents’ friends, and
community can be considered as an indicator that would lead them to
relapse. It is clear that the rehabilitation process of the Aftercare clients
was successful and effective as can be observed in their structured
thoughts, affects, self-efficacy, and expectations. Therefore, the clients do
now have a strong will to not use drugs again. Unlike in the rehabilitation
facility, where they are monitored well, their access to the drugs is
completely crashed out. However, since the clients are already in the
community, the access and influence from now exist. Therefore, the
aftercare clients are affected by their external factors. Nonetheless, this is
the main reason and rationale of aftercare program. To look after the
recovering drug addicts in their journey outside the facility.
42
Recommendations
Based
on
the
finding
and
conclusion,
the
following
recommendations are presented to:
The Head/ Administrators of the Rehabilitation center.
1. An evaluation of the behavior of the staffs towards the clients
should be done to provide better service to the clients.
2. Additional monitoring procedure may be implemented to closely
attend to the rehabilitation progress of the client during the Aftercare
program.
Client's Immediate family members:
1. Helping in the monitoring process of the clients undergoing the
aftercare program is asked from them.
2. Unconditional support and understanding should be given to the
clients to make the rehabilitation much easier
Community (baranggay officials)
1.
Strengthen the implementation of the Anti-Dangerous drugs
campaign through conducting seminars and awareness activities to the
community, specially the family of the recovering drug dependents (RDD)
or persons who use drugs (PWUD) and those who have been caught.
43
2. Be more vigilant on the illegal drug activities (such as using drugs
or selling) to lessen the drug related incidents in the community
Future Researchers:
1. Conduct research on other rehabilitation facilities that offers
aftercare programs.
2. Further in-depth research should be conducted to be able to fully
assess the reasons for relapse of the client.
44
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Journals
Bonn, G., et al. (2016). Substance Abuse, Relapse, and Treatment
Program Evaluation in Malaysia: Perspective of Rehab Patients and
Staff Using the Mixed Method Approach. Retrieved on May 10, 2019.
Retrieved
from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4881619/
Eddy, N., Halbach, H., Isbell, H. and Seevers, M., (1965). Drug
Dependence: its Significance and Characteristics. Retrieved on May
11,
2019.
Retrieved
from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2555251/pdf/b
ullwho00278-0116.pdf
Jiloha, R.C., (2011). Management of Lapse and Relapse in Drug
Dependence, Vol 14(2). Retrieved on May 10, 2019. Retrieved on May
8,
2019
Retrieved
from
http://medind.nic.in/daa/t11/i2/daat11i2p199.pdf
McQuaid, R., Jesseman, R. and Rush, B. (2018). Examining Barriers as
Risk Factors for Relapse: A focus on the Canadian Treatment and
Recovery System of Care. Retrieved on May 11, 2019. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6110379/
Simbulan, N., Estacio, L., Dioquino-Maligaso, C., Herbosa, T., and
Withers, M., (2019). The Manila Declaration on the Drug Problem in
the Philippines. Annals of Global Health. 2019; 85(1): 26, 1-4. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.28 Retrieved on May 9, 2019.
Retrieved
from
https://www.upm.edu.ph/sites/default/files/The%20Manila%20D
eclaration%20on%20the%20Drug%20Problem%20in%20the%20Ph
ilippines.pdf
Internet Sources:
Department of Social Protection, (n.d.). Substance and Drug Dependency
[PDF].
Retrieved
on
May
10,
2019.
Retrieved
from
https://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/20185/1/Substance_and_Drug_
Dependency.pdf
45
Gonzales, M., (2018). Why Do Addicts Relapse. Retrieved on May 10,
2019.
Retrieved
from
https://www.drugrehab.com/recovery/relapse/why-do-peoplerelapse/
Marlatt, A., Donovan, D., (2005). Relapse Prevention for Alcohol and
Dtugs Problems. Retrieved on May 11, 2019. Retrieved from
https://www.guilford.com/excerpts/marlatt.pdf?t
Thomas, S., (2019). 12 Step Drug Rehab and Alcohol Treatment
Programs. Retrieved on May 12, 2019. Retrieved from
https://americanaddictioncenters.org/rehab-guide/12-step
46
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Survey Questionnaire
Capitol University
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Cagayan de Oro City
“The Contributing Factors of Relapse re: AFTERCARE Clients Undergoing
Continuous Treatment Program”
Dear respondents,
The undersigned are the researchers of this study and students of
Master of Arts in Guidance and Counseling of the Graduate School of
Capitol University. We are conducting a research entitled “The Contributing
Factors of Relapse re: AFTERCARE Clients Undergoing Continuous Treatment
Program” as requirement for the Research Methodology course.
The output of this study aims to enhance the Researcher Skills of
the respondents. Rest assured of the anonymity of your responses.
JO AUGUSTINE G. CORPUZ
MELORIE CLAIRE R. QUIRAO
VIRGIE L. REQUILMAN
PART 1- PERSONAL PROFILE
Please fill out the personal information below.
1. Gender:
(__) Male
(__) Female
47
2. Age: ___________________________
3. Marital Status: __________________________
4. Educational Level: ___________________________
5. Occupation: ________________________________
6. Family Income: ________________________________
48
PART 2 – QUESTIONNAIRE
Please assess yourself HONESTLY on the following situations by putting a
check mark on any of the seven (6) columns based on your assessment to
which best reflects your agreement or disagreement to the reasons of using
drugs in each item.
Internal factors
Statements
Strongly
Disagree
Agree
Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
dagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
Disagree
1. Maka huna huna ko ug gamit ug
drugs kung ma bored ko.
(I think of using drugs whenever I am
bored)
2. Maka gamit ko ug drugs kung
daghan ko gaka huna huna.
(kabalaka, stressed, proglema.
Etc.,)
[I use drugs when I am mentally
preoccupied(worried,
anxious,
stressed, etc.)]
3. Maka huna huna ko ug gamit ug
drugs para malimtan nako ang
tanan nako problema.
(I think of using drugs to forget all my
problems).
4. Maka gamit ko ug drugs kung
maka bati ko ug ka suko, kasubo,
ug ka mingaw.
(I usually use drugs when I feel upset
(sad, angrym lonely))
5. Mugamit ko ug drugs para maka
bati ko ug kalma ug pag relaks.
(I use drugs to feel at ease or relaxed)
6. Mugamit ko ug drugs para mag
celebrate ug pampalipay.
(I use drugs to celebrate and be
merry)
49
7. Dili nako ma control akong
kaugalingon na dili na na mugamit
ug drugs utro.
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly
Agree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(I can’t control myself not to use drugs
again)
8. Murag drugs ra jud ang pama agi
para ma buhi ko nga komportable.
(I feel like using drugs is the only way
for me to live comfortably)
9. Dili ko ma buhi ug maka lihok
pag-ayo kung wala koy gamit
gamit ug drugs.
(I can’t live or function well without
using drugs)
10. Mugamit ko ug drubs kaya
mahinumduman nako ang ka lami
nga epekto ani.
(I use drugs because I remember the
pleasure of using it)
11. Ga tuo ko nga kung mugamit
ko ug drugs, walay stress ang
kinabuhi.
(I believe that when I use drugs, life
will be stress free)
12. Ga tuo ko nga mahimo kong
maayong tao, tungod sa drugs.
(I believe that using drugs makes me
a better person)
External Factors
Statements
Strongly
Disagree
13. Dilli ko ga suportahan sa
akong pamilya, mao ng
mupadayon ko ug gamit ug drugs
(My family doesn’t support me
anyway, so I continue using drugs)
(__) Strongly
disagree
50
14. Drug addict na ang panan.aw
sa ako, sa akong pamilya mao ng
wala nakoy lain rason para
muundang pag gamit.
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(My family already categorized me
as a drug addict, so I don’t have any
reasons to stop using it)
15. Ga away akong mga ginikanan
ug igsuon ug ang mga tao sa
among balay. Mao ng gagamit ko
ug drugs para makapalayo sa
ilahang ka gubot.
(My parents and siblings are always
fighting that lead me to use drugs
again.)
16. Gagamit pa japun ug drugs
akong mga amigo mao ng dili ko
maka dili sa pag gag gamit utro sa
drugs.
(my friends are still using drugs, so I
can’t resist using again)
17. Gina encourage ko sa akong
mga amigo sa pag gamit ug drugs
utro.
(My friends encourage me to use
again)
18. Murag dili ko myembro sa
ilang grupo kung dli ko mugamit
ug drugs.
(I fell like I don’t belong with the
group if I don’t use drugs)
19. Naay mga lugar sa among
komyunidad nga gapadayun
gihapon sa pag gamit ug drugs.
(There are places in our community
where they are still using it)
20. Daghan silingan namo nga
gagamit ug drugs.
51
(A lot of our neighbors are using
drugs)
21. Walay suporta para sa among
rehabilitasyon gikan sa among
komyunidad.
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(__) Strongly
disagree
(__) Disagree
(__) Agree
(__) Strongly
Agree
(There is no rehabilitation support
coming from our community)
22. Ma tintal ko ug gamit ug
drugs kung maka ko ug mga drug
paraphernalia.(lighter, foil, etc.)
(I am tempted to use again every
time I saw drug paraphernalia’s
(lighter, foil,, etc.))
23. Maka bati ko ug gamit ug
drugs kada maka kita ko ug
salida, advertisements, balita,
etc. Mahitungod sa drugs.
(Whenever I saw movies,
advertisements, news, etc., related
to drug use, I feel like using again)
24. Naa pa japun mga drug
pushers sa among komyunidad.
There are still existing drug
pushers in my community.
(There are still existing drug pushers
in my community)
PART 3 – Open Ended Questions
Please assess yourself HONESTLY and answer the following as truthful as
possible.
1. Unsay naka pa decide sa imo na mugamit ug drugs utro? (What made you
decide to use drugs again?)
52
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Katung kamulo paka ug rehab, unsa nga part sa proseso ang imong
pinaka ganahan? (During the rehabilitation process, what part of the process do
you like the most?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Ang dili nimo ganahan? (You like least?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
3. Unsa nga part ang nakatabang jud pag-ayo sa imong pag ka addict sa
drugs? (What part do you think helped you a lot in your sobriety?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Naa ba kay ma suggest or ma rekomendar para ma improve ug
mapamaayo ang epektibo sa atong programa? Unsa man to sila? (Do you
have any suggestions or recommendations in your part for the improvement or to
improve the effectiveness of the treatment program? What will it be?)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Daghang Salamat!
53
Appendix B
54
Appendix C
Verbatim of the Open ended question used in the questionnaire
1. Unsay naka pa decide sa imo na mugamit ug drugs utro? (What
made you decide to use drugs again?)
Respondent
Local
English
1
So far, wala na jud
None, so far
2
Naka decide ko na di na gyud ko
I decided not to be
ma tintal ug gamit ug drugs
tempted in using drugs
3
Wala, kay ako mismo ang naka
None, as I decided it
decide nga mo-dili ana nga
myself, to say no to
butang
that thing(drugs)
4
Always jud nako gina huna
I always think to myself
huna sa akong kaugalingon nga
that I will not use
dili najud ko mo gamit ug
drugs anymore, as it is
drugskay mao na nakaguba sa
what destroyed my
ako pamilya
family
5
Ginalikayan na jud nako ang
I, avoid drugs because
droga kay lisod na kaayu ma
it is so hard to part
layo sa pamilya
from your family
6
Wala na jud koy rason para
I do not have any
mubalik ko ug pag gamit ug
reason to use drugs
drugs
anymore
7
Sa karon,, wala
None, so far
8
Kung ma bungkag akong
When my family is
pamilya
destroyed
9
Dili nako mugamit kay para na
I will not use again
sa akong kaugalingun
because it is for my
own self
10
Temptation, pain, and evil
Temptation, pain, and
friends
evil friends
11
Akong mga friends
My friends
12
Tungod sa akong ka stress ug
kakapoy
13
Wala
14
Mga gapang dani nga mga
amigo
Mga amigo
15
Because of my stressed
and tiredness
None
Bad influence friends
Influenced by friends
55
16
17
Kanang mag gubot akong
pamilya
Whenever I am in
conflict with my family
and my wife.
Kanang naay problema sa akong Friends and family
pamilya ug mga barkada
problems
18
Wala nako nigamit pag usab
I already stopped
19
Katung nahubog ko sa among
barkada
20
Family ug problema sa barkada
Friends and family
problems
21
Kanang ang panan.aw sa laing
tao sa ako kay addict gihapon,
maskin nag reahabe na
When the people
around still look at me
as an addict despite my
sobriety
22
Wala
23
Sales talk
24
Wala
25
Dili nako gagamit ug droga
26
Akong mga furstrations
27
Problema sa pamilya
28
Barkada
Influenced by friends
29
Barkada
Influenced by friends
30
Barkada
Influenced by friends
When I got drunk with
my friends
None
More sales talk
None
I do not use drugs
anymore
My frustrations in life
Family Problem
2. Katung kamulo paka ug rehab, unsa nga part sa proseso ang
imong pinaka ganahan? (During the rehabilitation process, what part of
the process do you like the most?)
Respondent
Local
English
1
Sessions
Sessions
2
Ang ganahan nako is mag share
kag thoughts to other person nga
What I like is when I
share my thoughts
with others who are
56
pereha nimo nga ga treatment
undergoing the same
treatment with me
3
Kanang mag likay sa mga
barkada nga naa pa japun sila
anng butanga
4
Akong ganahan is kanang
mindfulness
When I have to avoid
those friends who are
still into that
thing(drugs)
What I like is (the
lectures about)
“mindfulness”
What I liked is the
family dialogue
When we draw, I felt
relaxed and happy.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Akong ganahan is katung family
dialogue
Ang katung nag drawing me,
akong paminaw kay na relax jud
ko ug nalingaw ug na happy ko
Ang pag disiplina sa
Self discipline
kaugalingun
Ga sunod mi sa sakto nga mga When we follow the
pamatasan ug na realize nako right
conduct
and
kong mga sayop sa gawas
realized
the
wrong
behaviors I have
Ang mga processo sa mga
The processing of the
inmates
inmates
Communication about bibile
Communication about
verses
bible verses
Pag express namo sa among mga Expression of own
gibati
feelings
12
Sa ako jud mag gikan ang pag
bag.o
Change within myself
and the philosophy of
the rehab
13
Prayer meeings
14
Morning meetings
15
Kanang mag share me sa mong
mga huna huna sa among case
manager
Sharing of thoughts
and the counsel of our
case manager
16
Mag bisita among mga parente
ug akong ka live-in
Visitation of my
relatives and SO
17
Kanang mag one on one ug
group session me
Prayer Meetings
Morning meetings
One on one lecture
and group sessions
57
18
Prayer meeting
19
Wala
20
Tanan
21
Ang pag disiplina sa amoa sa
pag follow sa patakaran
Mga lecutres
22
23
Prayer Meetings
None
All `the process
Rules and Regulations
Lectures abour
pyschology
Morning meetings ug eveneing Morning meetings and
wrap up
evening wrap up
24
Moring meetings
25
Mga activities
26
Pag ila sa akong kaugalingon
27
Katung mindfulness
28
Ang tanang programa
The whole program of
the facility
29
Mga lectures
Teachings and prayer
meetings
30
Ang programa
Morning Meetings
Activities
Self awareness
Mindfulness
The whole program
Ang dili nimo ganahan? (You like least?)
Respondent
Local
English
1
Wala, pulos ko ganahan
None, I like all of them
2
Ang di nako ganahan is ang
journal writing
What I do not like is
journal writing
3
Wala
none
4
Akong dili ganahan is kanang
mulapas na ug 9pm pero dili
pami patulugon
What I do not like is
when they do not let
us sleep even though
its already past 9pm
5
Ang dili nako ganahan is kanang
What I do not like is
58
naay gaambako ug mutakas
when someone escape.
6
Kanang pamalikas, kanang mag
sige ug singita
When they use foul
words and always
shout
7
Wala
none
8
Wala
None
9
Bakakun
Liars
10
Wala
None
11
Wala
12
Kanang ma apil mi sa
punishment sa isa
None
The one for all policy
13
Morning meetings
Morning Meetings
14
Evening wrap-up
Evening wrap-up
15
Kanang mingawon ko sa gawas
16
Bakakung
17
Kanang walay buhaton pag mag
report mii sa office
18
Wala
19
Bakakon
20
Wala
21
Dili nako mabuhat akong gusto
22
Wala kaayu buhaton taga
sabado ug domigno
23
Morning excercise
Morning exercise
24
Morning Exercise
Morning Exercise
25
Morning exercise
morning exercise
26
Batasan sa akong mga kauban
My longing for my life
outside the facility
Dishonesty
Reporting to office
without activities
None
Dishonesty
None
I cant do the things I
want to do
Relax during Saturday
and holiday
The attitude of coresidence
59
27
Pag follow sa rules and
regulations
28
Wala
29
Strikto ra kaayu
30
Wla
Following instructions
None
Too strict
None
3. Unsa nga part ang nakatabang jud pag-ayo sa imong pag ka addict
sa drugs? (What part do you think helped you a lot in your sobriety?)
Respondent
Local
English
1
Sa akong kalimpyo sa akogn
panglawas ug pag huna huna
In cleaning my
physical body and my
thoughts
2
Para sa ako is wala jud maayo
natabang ang drugs
For me drugs didn’t
help me in any way.
3
Walay natabang ang drugs
kanako
Drugs didn’t help me
in any way.
4
Dako kaayo natabang sa akong
kanang awareness sa
kaugalingon
Self awareness is what
helped me most.
5
Pamilya gyud akong gina huna
huna
I always think of my
family
6
Akong pamilya
My family
7
Tanang panahon nga nag gamit
ko ug droga kay puro mali
All those times that I
used drugs, it was all
wrong
8
Ang pagka relihiyoso sa sulod
Being religious inside
the facility
9
Ang pamaagi sa mga staff sa pag
rehab
The way of
rehabilitation from the
staff
10
DOH satellite office
DOH Satellite office
60
11
Ang tanan programa sa rehab
center
The whole program of
the rehab center
12
Wala juy nabuhat pag maayo sa
ako ang drugs
Drugs do not help me
in any way
13
Na undang jud akong pag gamit
sa drugs tungod ani nga
programa ug nabalik akong pag
simba
The program made me
stopped using drugs
and it made me go to
church again
14
Dili ko maka gamit ug drugs
sulod ani nga programa
My realizations to stop
using drugs while im
in the program
15
Ang akong palibot specially
akong mga amigo
My environment
especially my friends
16
Kanang mindful nako sa akong
kaugalingun ug sa tanan
Being mindful of
myself and everything
17
Ang tanang programa sa rehab
The whole program of
the rehab center
18
Wala
None
19
Pag focus nako sa trabaho
My focus on my Job
20
Akong pamilya
My family
21
Wala
None
22
Ang mga tudlo sa doctor ug mga
staffs
The teachings of
doctors and staffs
23
Ang programa sa DOH ug psych
services
Relapse prevention
group and pscyh
services
24
Among case manager
Case Manager
25
Akong pamilya
My family
26
Akong kalawasan
My health
27
Mga tudlo sa akong mga staff
Counseling and
teachings of staff
61
28
Ang paggamit sa mga materials
sa among programa
The use of the tools
provided by the
program
29
Mga lecture about bible verses
Spiritual teachings
30
Akong responsibilidad sa akong
pamilya
My family
responsibility
4. Naa ba kay ma suggest or ma rekomendar para ma improve ug
mapamaayo ang epektibo sa atong programa? Unsa man to sila? (Do
you have any suggestions or recommendations in your part for the
improvement or to improve the effectiveness of the treatment program?
What will it be?)
Respondent
Local
English
1
Ang ma suggest nako sigurko
mao ang pag more friendly sa
mga patient ug pag disiplina
What I can suggest is
(for the staff) to be
more friendly with the
patients and in how
they implement
discipline
2
Wala koy ma recommend kay
satisfied ko sa treatment
program
I do not have any
recommendations as I
am satisfied with the
treatment program
3
Para nako, epiktibo na kaayu ni
nga programa
For me, this program
is already effective.
4
Ang akong ma suggest is dapat
mag follow lang jud sa rules
What I can suggest is
that rules and
regulations should be
always followed.
5
Higpitan pa nila pag ayo ang
programa para wala na gyuy mu
gamit ug drugs
More strictness in
implementing the
program so that no
one will ever use drugs
again.
6
Nga dili mubalik ug drugs
To not use drugs again
62
7
Para sa ako, maayo na ang
tanan
For me, all(program) is
well
8
Wala na kay sakto naman ilang
pamaagi
None, because their
ways are already
correct.
9
Ang mga processo sa mga
inmates,
The processing of the
inmates
10
Pag express sa gibati sa
kadaghanan
Expression of feelings
to others
11
Pag share sa among feelings
Sharing of feelings
12
Epiktibo na kaayu ni nga
programa
The program is already
very effective
13
Pag pa strikto sa ilang programa
More strictness in
implementing the riles
and regulations.
14
Pag subay sa rules and
regulations
More strictness in
implmenting the rules
and regulations of the
program
15
Dungagan pa ang pag sabot sa
amo nga mga pasyente
To deeply understand
the side of the patients
16
Epiktibo na kaayu ni nga
programa
The program is already
very effective
17
Wala
None
18
Wala
None
19
Wala
None
20
Wala
None
21
I.monitor pag ayo ang mga
aftercare clients
More emphasis on the
monitoring of the
aftercare patients
22
Wala kaayu mi panahon mag
relax
Limited time to relax
Dungagan pa ang support para
More material support
23
63
sa materials sa among programa
24
Wala
None
25
Amg Programa
The program
26
Wala
None
27
Wala
None so far, it depends
on the client if they
really want to change.
28
Wala
None
29
Wala
None
30
Wala
None
64
Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers
MELORIE CLAIRE R. QUIRAO, RPm
P-1, Poblacion Damulog Bukidnon
Cellphone #: 0936-1758-740
Email: mcrquirao@gmail.com
EXPERIENCE
 College Guidance Counselor (November, 2015-2018)
San Isidro College- Impalambong, Malaybalay City
-Responsible for the administration and interpretation of
psychological tests of the applicants and the entrance exam
and personality tests of the incoming students.
-Conducted and facilitated seminars depending on the needs
and arising problems of the students
- Created new counseling services to improve and promote the
Guidance Office.
- Conducts the Teacher’s Evaluation by the students every
semester.
- Counseled walk-in and referred clients.

Peer Counselors Club Moderator (November, 2015-2017)
San Isidro College- Impalambong, Malaybalay City
- Utilized the members of the club to facilitate peer counseling
sessions among the other students
-Assist the peer counselors in managing the club and creating
ideas for their activities.

College Instructor (November, 2015-2017)
San Isidro College- Impalambong, Malaybalay City
- Isidran Guidance Pogram 1 and 2 (IGP 1 and 2)
- General Psychology w/ Drug Education (Psycho 1)
- Child and Adolescent Development (Educ 4)
- Guidance and Counseling in Education (Educ 15)
- Field Study 2: Learner’s Development and Environment (FS
2)
- Humanities 1: Introduction to Humanities and Art
Appreciation (Hum 1)

Speaker for Seminars
 Apprenticeship Program; Orientation Seminar
San Isidro College
Impalambong, Malaybalay City
January 13, 2017
65

Time Management Symposium
San Isidro College
Impalambong, Malaybalay City
November 25, 2016

Love Seminar: “Wag kang Bitter,be Better”
San Isidro College
Impalambong, Malaybalay City

Community Issues: Teenage Pregnancies
H1M, DPT Building, University of Mindanao
Matina, Davao City
August 5, 2015
Seminars Attended:
-
#PGCA: Counseling Practices for Global Competitiveness
Chali Beach Resort
Cagayan de Oro City
October 6-7, 2016
-
College Faculty In-Service Training (COL-FIST)
St. Maria Dela Cabezza Conference Room
San Isidro College, Malaybalay City
November 19, 2015
-
Gender Sensitivity Training
Farmer’s Training Center, CMU
Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon
February 6, 2015
Other Certificate:
Professional Regulation Commission, Davao
66
JO AUGUSTINE G. CORPUZ, RPm
75th Durian St. Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
Jo3ceee@gmail.com
+639657205995
ACHIEVEMENT
Passed the Licensure Examination of Psychometrician
July 21 – 22, 2015
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
2010 – 2015 Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan

Bachelor of Science in Psychology, 2015. Coursework included
Theories of personality, Psychological Testing and Assessment,
Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Teaching Psychology,
Learning Psychology, Child Psychology, Counseling Psychology, and a
course on Assessment of Learning in 2015.
WORK EXPERIENCE
2018 – Present – STI College Cagayan de Oro
 Working as a Guidance Associate of Tertiary and Senior High School
Students.
 Handles Guidance Program such the Academic, Personal, Social,
Emotional, and Career development of the students.
 Offers guidance session to students who are having a hard time in
any of the area of development mentioned above.
 Administer Personality Trait Evaluator to graduating Senior High
School and New students.
 Keep record of each of the student’s Individual Inventory to be used in
the Guidance Program.
 Provide information service to Senior High School, and tertiary
students as an additional learnings in values.
2016 – 2018 - LBC Express Inc
 Customer Associate of LBC Robinson’s Branch. Managed our branch
operations including cargo acceptance, money remittance, and
payments from Bayad Center Companies. Coordinated with other
teams to deliver quality services for our clients.
 Analyzed data to explain the factors that affect the sales of our branch,
formulate strategies to continuously improve the branch’s market and
productivity, and growth.
 Prepared the revolving fund of our branch for money encashment and
expenses.
 Generated reports such as daily sales monitoring to gather data about
the high and low factors of our sales, and facilitate proper
documentation of all transactions.
67

Provided support to our customers for their inquiries regarding their
parcel’s status, and to quickly come up with a solution to ensure the
best service that we offer.
2015 – Concentrix Cagayan de Oro City
 Technical support of Linksys products for three months, from Oct – Dec
2015.
 Provided service and support to Northern American clients about basic
home networking, such as resolving intermittent internet connection,
configuration of the router’s user interface, manual installation of our
product to provide the best home network, and to promote the new
devices and services that the company offers.
 Undergone in-depth trainings such as communication skills, positive
scripting, sales pitching, good customer service and the nature of how
home network works.
2013 - Guidance and Counseling, and Admission Office, Xavier
University High School
 Counseling Intern on May 2013 as a requirement of my Practicum
subject.
 Administered Intelligence tests and psychological tests to the enrolling
students at that time under the supervision of a registered Psychologist.
 Handled interview to the enrolling students and record data for future
reference. Gathered information such as the student’s character and
values and preferences.
 Assigned to have a supervised counseling session to one of the students,
offered counseling approaches, and wrote a case study about the
concerns of the student.
 Coached by our Guidance and Counselor head about the useful
counseling techniques and what are the recent issues and concerns of
the high school students.
2016 - Pathway to Recovery Rehabilitation Centre, Kauswagan,
Cagayan de Oro City
 Counseling Intern on April 2013 as a requirement of my Practicum
subject.
 Handled group process sharing and discussion with the other
counselors and clients.
 In-depth discussion about the causation of chemical and non-chemical
dependency.
 Handled a one on one interview with the clients. Talked about the
challenges and the achievements of their sobriety, and offered basic
counseling approach.
 Participated in an Alcoholic Anonymous meeting and observed their
common struggles, challenges, and their experiences on how they
overcome these obstacles.
2011 – 2012 - Xavier University Libraries, Xavier University – Ateneo de
Cagayan
 Student assistant in the social sciences, accountancy and agriculture
section.
 Handled book borrowing transaction, proper arrangement of over 2000+
books by their call numbers and publication year, and quarterly
inventory of the books of the library.
68

Assisted the school faculties, staffs and students in their inquiries.
TRAININGS AND SEMINARS ATTENDED
 Disaster and Crisis Management with Psychological First Aid and
Evacuation Center Management
23rd to 24th of May 2015 - East West Educational Specialists
- In depth training about the basic surviving techniques during fire, flood,
earthquake, and poison attack, and learned the various first aid
technique, and CPR.
- Discussed about what to expect and how can an individual help in an
evacuation centers and how to communicate with the authority to offer
psychological aid for those persons that undergone a traumatic
experience, loss, and grievance.
69
VIRGIE LACADMAN REQUILMAN, RPsy
Registered Psychologist
Licensed No. 0000995
Cellphone No. 0967-570-9106, 0907-442-6422
Purok 1, Barangay Mambatangan
Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon Province, PHILIPPINES
Email Address : lacadmanvirgie@gmail.com
CAREER FOCUS
To exercise and empowered my career at a well-established and wellorganized institution to accomplish impressive advancement in my
career through utilizing my expertise and knowledge with great
compassion and commitment.
EMPLOYMENT RECORD
Date of
Employment
October 3,
2016 to
PRESENT
May 2007September
30, 2016
Position
Psychologist
II
Section

Psychological
Services
Section under
Out-patient
and Aftercare
Program
 Currently, Inpatient
Psychologist Covering the 3
II
Centers of DSWD
XII



Regional
Rehabilitation
Center for
Youth (RRCY)
Home for
Girls
Reception
Study Center
for Children
Department/Agency
DOH-Treatment
Rehabilitation
Center, Cagayan de
Oro City
Department of
Social Welfare and
Development
Regional Field
Office XII,
Koronadal City
70
September
1998-May
2007
Psychologist Catering the
Department of
I
Person’s with
Social Welfare and
Disability at Center Development
for the Handicapped
Regional Field
Office XII, Cotabato
City
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY
:
JOSE ABAD SANTOS CENTRAL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao Del Sur, Philippines
1973-1978
SECONDARY
:
MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITYMALABANG COMMUNITY
HIGH SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao Del Sur, Philippines
1978-1982
TERTIARY
:
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY
NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY
Cotabato City, Philippines
1983-1987
Graduate Studies :
MASTER OF ARTS IN GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING
CAPITOL UNIVERSITY, Cagayan de Oro
City
STILL A STUDENT
PROFESSIONAL LICENSE AND CAREER ELIGIBILITY


Registered Psychologist, RA 1080
Career Professional Service Eligibility Civil Service Commission,
June 2003
71
TRAININGS ATTENDED

2 Week Comprehensive Experiential THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
Training.
DOH-TRC-CDO, NMWRC, Malaybalay City
November 5, 2018 to November 16, 2018

The MINDFUL Rehab: Cultivating and Healing Community
(Applications of Mindfulness-Based.
DOH-TRC-CDO, N-Hotel, Cagayan de Oro City Cognitive Therapy
November 21-22, 2018

Three –day Training on the Significance of the Review of Related
Literature, Studies and Expected Output of the Research and
Skills in the Context of Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation.
DOH Regional Office XII Proposal, Pearlmont Inn, Cagayan de Oro
City DOH X Compound, Cagayan de Oro City

Immersion Program on Therapeutic Community.
DOH-TRC-CDO Compound
July 1-31, 2017

Three-day Training Workshop on Health Research Title
Enhancement, Introduction and Objectives.
DOH Regional Office, Middleton Apartelle, Cagayan de Oro City
April 19-21, 2017

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Theoretical Framework
DOH X Regional Office Community Cagayan de Oro City

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
DOH Central Office/UP, Manila, Isla Parilla Resort, Alabel,
Sarangani Province

Relapse Prevention Seminar
DOH-TRC-CDO Covered Court
December 5, 2017
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

Psychologist, Clinical and Assessment Division, Psychological
Association of the Philippines
72
SPEAKING/PROFESSIONAL ENGAGEMENTS
















Aftercare and Reintegration for Drug Dependents Training to
LSWDOs of Region XII, September 10-14, 2018, DSWD FO XII, Sun
City Suites, General Santos City
Training for Aftercare Program, June 19-21, 2018, Provincial AntiDrug Abuse Council (PADAC) Mountain Lake Eco Resort, Lake Sebu,
Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Brigade Orientation Training, February 16-17, 2018, 4th Infantry
Division, Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Patag, Cagayan de Oro City
After Care Training, August 28- September 1, 2017, DOH Regional
Office XII, Greenleaf Hotel, General Santos City
Client Service Seminar, December 21, 2017, 4th Infantry Division,
Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Patag, Cagayan de Oro City
Pre-Separation and Retirement Planning Workshop Class 15-2017,
4th Infantry Division, Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Patag, Cagayan
de Oro City
AFTERCARE Training, May 9-12, 2017, DOH Regional Office XII,
Phela Grande Hotel, General Santos City
CARING FOR THE CARERS, October 18, 2017, DOH-TRC-CDO
Covered Court
Orientation Seminar on Basic Counseling, March 17-18, 2016,
Conrado & Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation, Inc, Maasim,
Sarangani Province
Facilitators’ Training on Katatagan Kontra Droga sa Komunidad (A
Community- Based Program), April 26-28, 2017, DOH-TRC-CDO,
LGU & Barangay Officials, Mangima Spring Resort, Manolo Fortich,
Bukidnon
CCP Skills Enhancement Seminar for Quality and Effective Service
Delivery, May 11-12, 2016, Cotabato Foundation College of Science
and Technology Arakan, North Cotabato.
Personality Test and Stress Management, June 1-3, 2016, MSWDO,
Pigcawayan, North Cotabato
Stress Management Seminar, December 22, 2015, Department of
National, Defense, Regional Office XII, General Santos City
Amicable Resolution of Conflict, December 13-14, 2017, DILG
Regional Office X, Cagayan de Oro City
Stress Management Seminar, Nov. 28, 2017, 4th Infantry Division,
Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Patag, Cagayan de Oro Cit
Provisional Accreditation of Physicians for Screening and
Assessment of Persons Who Use Dugs (PWUDS), October 17-19,
2018, DOH Regional Office X, Pearl Mont Hotel, Cagayan de Oro City