ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
ORAL CAVITY
DR. SELMA ÇALIŞKAN
AHMET ELYILDIRIM
Boundaries:
•
Anteriorly; lips
•
Laterally; cheeks
•
Superiorly; Hard &soft palate
# You know what the Hard palate are,
we learned from last year.
#Posterior margin of hard palate is a
mobile, soft tissue is called Soft Palate.
#Soft palate and hard palate together
form roof of oral cavity.
•
Inferiorly; diaphragma oris, tongue
# The distalis between mandible and
hyoid bone is closed by suprahyoid
muscles which of the floor of oral cavity
and called diaphragma oris.
#Diaphragma oris form floor of oral
cavity.
•
Posteriorly; Istmus faucium
# Posterior opening of oral cavity is
called Istmus Faucium.
Openings:
•
Oral fissure
#Anterior opening of oral
cavity, between lips is called
Oral Fissure.
•
Oropharyngeal Istmus
# Oral cavity connected to
oropharynx by an opening is
called “Oropharyngeal
Istmus”. Special name is
“Istmus Faucium”.
✓ Oral vestibule
✓ Oral cavity proper
#This is the
midsagittal
section
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
#Pharynx has 3 part
✓
✓
✓
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
# Posterior to nasal cavity is a space is
called Nasopharynx. It’s also
uppermost part of the pharynx
# Posterior to oral cavity is a tubular
space called Oropharynx.
#Posterior to laryngeal cavity is called
Laryngopharynx.
#Pharynx is continuous with
Esophagus.
# Posterior aspect of Istmus Faucium.
# Posterior opening of the oral cavity. This opening
is called Istmus Faucium or Oropharyngeal
Istmus.
#Floor of oral cavity is called
Diaphragma Oris.
#Floor of oral cavity is formed by
muscles, spanning distance between
mandible and hyoid bone;
➢
➢
➢
Geniohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
Digastric Muscle
# These 3 muscles together form
floor of oral cavity (diaphragma
oris).
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Oral Vestibule:
•
Between;
Lips&cheek
Dental arch
•
Oral fissure
•
3rd molar teeth
#Anterior and lateral to dental arches,
posterior to medial to lips, is narrow space is called Oral Vestibule
#Between lips and dental arches and internal surface of cheeks is a narrow space is called Oral
Vestibule.
#Anterior opening of oral vestibule is called Oral Fissure.
#Posterior to 3rd molar teeth is an opening is called Retromolar Space, is connected to oral cavity
and oral vestibule.
Oral Cavity Proper:
•
Anteriorly; limited by dental arch
•
Posteriorly; communicates with pharynx
•
Roof; Hard & soft palate
•
Floor; Tongue & sublingual mucosa
•
Laterally; cheeks
ORAL VESTIBULE
#Internal surface of cheeks lined with mucosa;
external surface lined with skin.
•
# Before talking about lips look at this skin
fold please, cutaneous fold, extending from
lateral side of the ring of nose to about 1 cm
lateral to lips. This skin fold is called
Nasolabial fold.
#Upper lip, is superiorly bounded by
external nose, laterally bounded by
nasolabial fold, inferior margin is free and
colored part (Vermillion border).
#Inferior to lower lip is called Mentolabial
sulcus.
Occupied by tongue
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Lips:
Two folds surrounding oral orifice
•
Externally; by skin
•
Internally; by mucosa
#Between skin and mucosa in lips we see a circular muscle, vessel, salivary gland
(opening to mucosal surface of lips.), nerves, connective tissue. This muscle is called
Orbicularis oris muscle. When it contracts, it closes oral fissure.
•
Between; orbicularis oris muscle, labial vessels & nerves, labial salivary glands, fibro
adipose connective tissue
•
Vermillion border
#Inferior border of upper lip, superior border of lower lip colored part is called
Vermillion border.
•
Philtrum
#Upper lip laterally bounded by skin
fold called nasolabial fold. Lower
lip inferiorly bounded by a skin fold
is called Mentolabial sulcus.
•
Nasolabial sulcus
•
Mentolabial sulcus
•
Superior labial frenulum
#At internal surface of upper lip
between the gingiva and mucosal
surface of upper lip in the midline
there is a mucosal fold is called
superior labial frenulum.
ANATOMY
•
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Inferior labial frenulum
# At internal surface of lower lip between the gingiva and mucosal surface of lower lip in
the midline there is a mucosal fold is called inferior labial frenulum.
•
Superior & inferior labial arteries (Facial artery)
•
Superior labial vein & inferior labial vein (facial vein)
#External Carotid Artery => Facial Artery => Superior/inferior labial arteries
#Inferior Jugular Vein => Facial Vein => Superior/inferior labial veins
•
Submandibular &submental lymph nodes
#Lymphatic fluid from upper lip, drains
into same sided submandibular lymph
nodes.
#Lymphatic fluid from lower lip, drains
into same sided submandibular lymph
nodes, opposite sided submandibular
lymph node.
#Lymphatic fluid from central of the lower
lip, drains into submental lymph nodes.
ANATOMY
•
Facial nerve
•
Superior labial branches of
infraorbital nerve (maxillary nerve)
•
Inferior labial branches of mental
nerve (mandibular nerve)
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
#These last 2 nerves are carrying
sensory information from the lips.
#trigeminal nerve
#ophthalmic nerve
#maxillary nerve
#mandibular nerve
#There is an important nerve is called trigeminal
nerve in cranial cavity it diverges into 3 branches;
-ophthalmic nerve, -maxillary nerve, -mandible
nerve
#-maxillary nerve; leave from the cranial cavity by foramen rotundum (round foramen). After
leaving the cranial cavity this nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa. Then it enters the orbital
cavity by inferior orbital fissure. And enter the infraorbital canal, then leaves infraorbital canal
from infraorbital foramen. Then its reach anterior surface of the maxilla. It gives superior labial
branches which carries sensory information from the upper lip.
#-mandibular nerve; leave from the cranial cavity by oval foramen to outside of the cranial
cavity (deep to ramus of mandible). A branch of mandibular nerve called inferior alveolar nerve
and enters the mandibular canal, leaves by mental foramen. Terminal end of this nerves called
mental nerves. Mental nerves give a branch carrying sensory information from lower lip called
inferior labial branches of mental nerve.
#There are muscle fibers in the lips. This fibers innervated by Facial Nerve. Facial nerve arising
from brain stem in the cranial cavity, it enters the temporal bone, then it leaves the cranial cavity
from stylomastoid foramen now it is outside the cranial cavity. Facial nerve innervated to
Orbicularis Oris Muscle. Facial nerve has motor fiber for this muscle.
#There are salivary gland embedded in the lips are called labial salivary gland, these glands
are also innervated by the Facial nerve. There are special nerve fiber is called parasympathetic
fiber in the Facial nerve.
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Cheeks:
•
Lateral walls of the oral cavity
•
Internal surface; mucosa
•
External surface; skin
•
Between; buccinator muscle, adipose tissue, fibrous tissue, vessels, nerves, buccal salivary
glands
#The Cheek region, in the picture ramus of mandible is removed, there is a pterygomandibular nerve.
Between pterygoid process of sphenoid bone and mandible. Beginning from this structure is buccinator
muscle.
#Cheeks form the lateral walls of oral cavity. Internal surface lined with mucosa, external surface lined
with skin, between of them we see fatty tissue, deep the fatty tissue we see muscle is called buccinator
muscle, also there are nerves, vessels and salivary gland in the cheek region.
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Buccal Salivary Glands:
•
Small glands
•
Lie between mucosa and buccinator muscle
•
4-5 of the largest of these glands lie external to buccinator muscle around parotid duct
•
Ducts pierce the buccinator muscle
#Small glands, lie between mucosa and buccinator muscle, this glands are buccal salivary
glands, they directly drain into oral cavity, they secrete saliva. 4 or 5 largest of these
glands lie lateral to buccinator muscle, they pierce buccinator muscle and draining to oral
cavity.
#Main muscle of cheek region is
buccinator muscle.
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
CHEEKS:
•
A: Buccal branch of maxillary artery
•
V: Same with aa.
•
LN: Submandibular and parotid lymph nodes
•
N: Buccal branch of mandibular nerve (general sensation from skin and mucosa)
•
Facial nerve (motor innervation of buccinator muscle)
#Maxillary artery supply cheek region with buccal branch.
#Maxillary vein drains into retromandibular vein.
#Lateral to ramus of mandible there is a great Salivary gland called Parotid Gland.
#Lymphatics fluid from cheek region drain into submandibular lymph node, and parotid
lymph node.
Teeth:
•
Decidious teeth; begin to appear in 6th month, all are present in 2.53 years old, 20 in number
•
Permanent teeth; take place of decidious teeth beginning from the 6th year, 32 in number
•
Incisors (4)
•
Canines (2)
•
Premolars (4)
•
Molars (6)
•
Decidious teeth; do not have premolars & 4 molars in each jaw.
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Tooth consists of;
•
Crown; covered by hard, translucent enamel #crown is visible in the oral cavity.
•
Root; covered by yellowish bone like cement
•
Neck; Crown and neck meet at the neck (cervical region)
#The cavities include root of teeth in mandible and in maxillary bone are called alveoli.
Dentine:
•
Yellowish avascular tissue forming bulk
of tooth
•
Central pulp
•
Pulp cavity
•
Pulp canal
•
Apical foramen
#Nerves and vessels supplying tooth
passes through apical foramen and
lies in the pulp canal and pulp cavity.
#Pulp canal and pulp cavity together
form central pulp.
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Root of Tooth:
•
Surrounded by alveolar bone
•
Its cement seperated from osseous socket (alveol) by periodontal ligament
#Root of the tooth is connected to bony tissue by ligament called periodontal ligament.
Vessels of Teeth:
•
Inferior alveolar artery
•
Anterior superior alveolar artery
•
Posterior superior alveolar artery
#External Carotid Artery => Maxillary Artery => Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery and
Anterior Superior Alveolar Artery.
•
Inferior alveolar veins
# Arising from maxillary artery is the inferior alveolar artery, Inferior alveolar artery
enters the mandible canal and lies in the mandible, it gives branches supplying the teeth of
lower jaw. Finally, it leaves by mental foramen and become visible in the chin region.
•
Superior alveolar veins
•
Emissary veins
# Medial to ramus of mandible there is a network this small veins united with maxillary
vein. Between maxillary vein and cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity, there are small
veins piercing the bone is called Emissary veins.
#Cavernous Sinus; great venous structure in the cranial cavity, drain in the deoxygenated
blood.
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
#Pterygoid plexus is small veins and unite and form maxillary vein. Maxillary vein drain into
retromandibular vein.
#There are small veins between maxillary vein and cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity is called
emissary veins. Emissary veins directly piercing the sphenoid bone to reach cavernous sinus. This
is the important about teeth infection. Microorganism from the root of the teeth can pass to cranial
cavity to this venous passageway.
Lymphatics of Teeth:
•
Submandibular LN
•
Submental LN
•
Deep cervical LN
#Lymphatic fluid from lower teeth
drain into submandibular and
submental lymph node and also
deep cervical lymph node.
#Lymphatic fluid from upper teeth
drain into deep cervical lymph
node.
Nerves of Teeth:
•
Anterior superior alveolar nerve
•
Middle superior alveolar nerve
•
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
•
Inferior alveolar nerve
#Foramen rotundum connects cranial cavity and pterygopalatine fossa.
#In the infraorbital canal, maxillary nerve name is infraorbital nerve.
#Branches arising from infraorbital nerve supplying the teeth on the anterior teeth of the upper
jaw, anterior superior alveolar nerve.
#Direct branches of maxillary nerve, piercing the maxilla and supplying midline posterior
upper teeth, middle superior alveolar nerve, posterior superior alveolar nerve.
#Mandibular nerve gives a branch and supply teeth of lower jaw called Inferior alveolar nerve.
#These nerves carry sensory information, sensory nerves.
ANATOMY
GINGIVAE (GUMS)
Firmly attached to cements at the necks
of teeth and to bone of adjacent alveolar
process
•
A: Sup&inf labial arteries
•
V: Same with the arteries
•
LN: submandibular and
submental LN
•
N: Maxillary&mandibular nerves
#Gingivae is mucosal tissue.
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
ANATOMY
PALATE-ROOF of ORAL CAVITY
•
Anterior; hard palate
•
Posterior; soft palate
•
Palatine glands
Hard Palate
•
Palatine process of
maxilla (2/3
anterior)
•
Horizontal plate of
palatine bone(1/3
posterior)
•
Palatine rugae
•
Palatine raphe.
•
Incisive papilla
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
ANATOMY
Soft Palate
•
Mobile flap suspended from the
posterior border of hard palate
•
Slopes down and back between
nasopharynx and oropharynx
•
Acts as a valve
•
Muscles & mucosa
•
Uvula
#Soft palate separate nasopharynx and
oropharynx. It close the distance
between nasopharynx and oropharynx
when swallowing.
That’s why the food is convey the
laryngopharynx and oropharynx.
Otherwise, it may come from nasal
cavity.
#Downward projection of the soft
palate in the midline is called Uvula.
#Soft palate made up of muscles and
mucous membranes.
Muscles of Soft Palate
•
Tensor veli palatini muscle
•
Levator veli palatini muscle
•
Palatoglossus muscle
•
Palatopharyngeus muscle
•
M. Uvulae
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
ANATOMY
1.1 ORAL CAVITY
Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle
•
O: Scaphoid fossa, spine of sphenoid bone,
fibrous part of auditory tube
•
I: Palatine aponeurosis
•
N: Mandibular nerve
•
F: Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube
Levator Veli Palatini Muscle
•
O: Petrous part of temporal bone,
cartilaginous part of auditory tube
•
I: Palatine aponeurosis
•
N: Pharyngeal plexus (Pharyngeal
branch of Vagus nerve)
•
F: Only muscle elevating soft
palate
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