Meaning and Relevance of History Week 1-2 Meaning of History History is derived from the Greek term “historia” which means “inquiry or research”. The term history refers to accounts or inquiries of events that happened in the past and are narrated in a chronological order. The word “history” means the search for knowledge and truth, a searching to find out. It is the discipline that studies the chronological order of events, based on critical examination of source materials and usually presenting an explanation of their causes. History has always been known as the study of the past. It is a discipline that existed for around 2,400 years and is as old as mathematics and philosophy. History could be defined as a happening or series of happenings; it is a record of the past made available for the present. It is also a field of study which traces man’s development. Why do we study History? 1. To learn about our past. Studying history enables us to learn about the lives of our ancestors, their struggles and achievements. 2. To understand the present. The traditions, system of government, cultural heritage and many more other things are products of the past. 3. To appreciate our heritage in a broad perspective. Our belief system, Patriarchal traditions, common values including our material culture can be understood and appreciated well if we have full understanding of our past. 4. To acquire a background for critical thinking. The issues, situations and challenges that our country is presently facing can mostly be attributed in the past, for these are encountered before. Importance of History: 1. History preserves the cultural values of a nation. 2. Help the person or the government avoid pitfalls of the present by knowing the rise and fall of the rulers, government and empires. 3. Makes a person’s life richer and fuller by giving meaning to the books he reads. 4. Enables a person to grasp his relationship with the past. Relationship of History with other Social Sciences: 1. History and Political Science One cannot understand the principles and system of government of a certain country without knowing its history. 2. History and Economics The roots of economic and diplomatic relations between nations can be traced by looking at their distant past. 3. History and Sociology Early societies and communities, evolution of culture, social change and other developments in social behavior are chronologically explained by history. 4. History and Ethics History provides records of mistakes committed by people and nations. Classification of Historical Sources: 1. Primary Source is regarded as the source of the best evidence. These are firsthand evidences regarding an object, person, or work of art. They include historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results, experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio, video recordings, speeches and art objects. Examples include: a. Artifacts b. Audio recordings c. Diaries d. Internet communications on emails e. Interviews f. Letters g. Newspaper articles written at the time h. Original Documents i. Photographs j. Proceedings of meetings, conferences and symposia k. Records of organizations, government agencies l. Speeches m. Survey Research n. Video Recordings o. Work of art, architecture, literature and music 2. Secondary Sources are analysis or restatements of primary sources. They often describe or explain primary sources. These are information supplied by a person who was not a direct observer or participant of the event, object or condition. Digested information or information derived from primary sources. Examples include: a. Dictionaries, Encyclopedias b. Textbooks c. websites d. Bibliographies Internal and External Criticism External Criticism refers to the genuineness of the document a researcher used in a historical study. It asks if the evidence under consideration is authentic. Questions that illustrate external criticism include: a. Who was the author? b. What was his/her qualifications, personality, and position? c. How soon after the events was document written? d. How was the document written and is it related to other documents? Internal Criticism is textual criticism, it involves factor such as competence, good faith, position and bias of the author. It looks at the content of the document to determine its authenticity. Has to do with what the document says. Repositories of Primary sources Primary sources are usually located in archives, libraries, museums, historical societies and special collections. 1. Library-is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference of borrowing. 2. Archive- is an accumulation of historical records or the physical place they are located. 3. Museum- is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical or scientific importance. 4. Historical society-is an organization dedicated to preserving, collecting, researching, and interpreting historical information of items. 5. Special collections- are libraries or library units that house materials requiring specialized security and user services. Role of Historians: 1. To look for available historical sources and select the most relevant and meaningful for history for the subject matter we are studying. 2. To organize the past that is being created so that it can offer lessons for nations, societies and civilization. Types of Primary Sources 1. Autobiography is an account of a person’s life written by that person. 2. Memoir is a history or record composed from personal observation and experience. 3. Diary is a form of autobiographical writing, a regularly kept record of the diarist’s activities and reflections. 4. Personal Letter is a type of letter that usually concerns personal matters and is sent from one individual to another. 5. Correspondence is a body of letters or communications. 6. Interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. 7. Survey is a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people. 8. Field Research is the collection of information outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting. 9. Photographs and posters are considered as primary sources because photographs and posters can illustrate past events as they happened and people as they were at a particular time. 10. Painting a form of visual art when paint or ink is used on a canvass or more often in the past, wooden panels or plaster walls, to depict an artist’s rendering of a scene or even of an abstract, non-representational image. 11. Speech is a form of communication in spoken language, made by a speaker before an audience for a given purpose. Types of Secondary Sources 1. Annotated bibliography is an organized list of sources, each of which is followed by a brief note or annotation. 2. Biography is a description of a real person’s life, including factual details as well as stories from a person’s life. 3 Newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about currents events. 4. Magazine and journals may be published weekly, quarterly, annually, or at some other interval 5. Film Review is popular way for critics to assess a film’s overall quality and determine whether or not they think the film is worth recommending. References: 1. Dr. Mariano M. Ariola, (2018) Readings in Philippine History, Manila 2. Rowena P. Parajas, (2018) Readings in Philippine History, Manila 3. Ronald M. Corpuz, (2018) Readings in Philippine History, University of the Philippines 4. Claudio V. Tabotabo, (2018) Readings in Philippine History, Technological Institute of the Philippines 5. John Lee Candelaria (2018) Readings in Philippine History, Manila, University of the Philippines 6. Veronica C. Alporha (2018) Readings in Philippine History, Baguio, University of the Philippines Engage: Individual Activity Instruction: Give a logical explanation to the famous quotation used by Marcus Garvey, “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without its roots.” Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa Explore: Individual work Instruction: Fill the graphic organizer below about the concept of studying History. What is History? ____ What is a primary source? Readings in Philippine History Why is it importance to study ______ History? What is a secondary source? Elaborate: 1. Produce an example of a primary source and the corresponding secondary source/s derived from it. Evaluate: Thought Paper Write a Thought paper on the role of documents in everyday life. Which document do you think is the most important to your life? Note: Graded Quiz #1 Proceed to Google Classroom for the Graded Quiz. Rubrics: ACTIVITY (Group or Individual) 5 Very Good Comprehensiveness All points at and Unity answered Precision Truthfulness Perception Interpretation 4 Good issue Almost all points at issue are answered and All queries are answered correctly Show complete understanding of the questions and processes 3 Fair 2-1 Poor At least half points at Less than half of the issue are answered points at issue are answered Most queries are Some queries are Less than half of the correctly answered correct queries correctly answered Show substantial Some queries are Not following directions. understanding of correct Show Does not understand the questions and understanding but some task processes items are not done correctly Conditions Requirement Rubrics: Thought Paper Quality of Work Awareness Explanation and Goes beyond the Meets the requirements requirement of the task of the task 5 Excellent Idea Presented on the paper was of utmost quality Awareness on the content of the chapter was very evident Meets some of the Does not meet the requirements of the task requirement of the task. 4 Highly Satisfactory 3 Satisfactory The thought paper The paper needs provided good quality improvement to arrive at a good work Awareness on the There was a little content of the chapter knowledge on the was indicated on the content of the chapter paper The paper was full of Made a good judgement Organization of the insights and ideas that on the content of the answer was slightly lead to problem solving topic confusing Prepared by: Venus Rhea B.Biaco Faculty, School of Teacher Education September 21, 2020 Noted by: Ms. Brylene Baquiran Dean, School of Teacher Education 2-1 Poor The paper was done poorly No knowledge about the content of the chapter The idea was vague.
