Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
Impig, Sipocot, Camarines Sur 4408
COURSE MODULE
A. COURSE OVERVIEW
Course Name
Course Units
Course Description
: Art Appreciation
: 3 hrs. Lecture-On line
: Art Appreciation is a three unit course that develops student
ability to appreciate, analyze and critique work of arts through
interdisciplinary and multimodal approaches. This course equip
students with knowledge of practical, historical philosophical and
social relevance of arts which has the ability to articulate more on
emotional enjoyment, knowledge and understanding of the
universal qualities and characteristics work of arts, This course
may also be used as reference materials for other courses in
teaching for the development of an individual as a whole.
Topics
Week 1
CLASS ORIENTATION
VMGO, Quality Policy,
Course Outline, Grading
System , and On-line
Learning Policy
Week 1 – 2
UNIT 1
Activities
Self-contained, independent learning
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter I – The Meaning
and Importance of Arts
Week 3 – 4
UNIT 2
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter II – The Artist’s
Medium
Week 5
UNIT 3
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter III – Elements of
Visual and Performing Arts
Week 6 ASSESSMENT 1
Week 6 – 7
 Summative Test of previous covered topics
Self-contained, independent learning
1|Page
Topics
UNIT 4
Chapter IV – The
principles of art design
Week 8
UNIT 5
Activities
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter V – The
development of Visual Arts
Week 9
UNIT 6
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter VI – Asian Arts
Week 10 – 11
UNIT 7
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter VII – Development
of Visual Art in the
Philippines
Week 12 ASSESSMENT 2
Week 12 – 13
UNIT 8
Presentation of any work of arts
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter VIII –
Development of
Performing Arts in the Phil.
Week 14
UNIT 9
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter IX – Arts in the
Cordillera Region and
Muslim South
Week 15 – 16
UNIT 10
Self-contained, independent learning
Chapter
X
–
World
Renowned Visual and
Performing Arts
Week 17 – 18
UNIT 11
Self-contained, independent learning
2|Page
Topics
Activities
Chapter XI – Famous
Filipino
Painters
and
Composers
Week 18 ASSESSMENT 3
 Final Exam
B. COURSE CALENDAR
Week
1
1–2
Date
Aug. 17
Aug. 18 – 21
Aug. 24 – 28
Topics
Course Requirements
Class Orientation
Chapter I – The Meaning and
Importance of Arts


1.1 The Nature of Arts
1.2 The Subject of Arts
1.3 The Function of Arts
1.4 The Scope of Arts
1.5 The Origin of Arts
3–4
5
6
6–7
8
Aug. 31 –
Sept. 4
Sept. 7 – 11
Reading the provided
learning resources
Appreciation of arts with
regards to their personal
contributions to the
development of art
Chapter II – The Artist’s 
Medium

2.1 Medium & Techniques
2.2 Medium of the Visual Arts
2.3 Medium of performing
Arts
2.4 Medium of Art Production
and Presentation

Sept. 14 – 18 Chapter III – Elements of
Visual and Performing Arts


3.1 Elements of Visual Arts
3.2 Elements of Performing
Arts
Assessment 1
Reading the provided
learning resources
Come up with a simple work
of art
Sept. 21 – 25
Sept. 28 –
Oct. 2

Reading the provided
learning resources
Worksheet and plates
construction

Reading the provided
Oct. 5 – 9
Chapter IV – The principles of
art design
4.1 Harmony
4.2 Rhythm
4.3 Balance
4.4 Proportion
4.5 Emphasis
4.6 Others
Chapter V – The

Reading the provided
learning resources
Composed song or poem
Make a reflection paper
3|Page
Week
Date
Topics
Development of Visual Arts

9
Oct. 12 - 16
5.1 Painting
5.2 Sculpture
5.3 Architecture
Chapter VI – Asian Arts
6.1 Ancient Near Easter
Islamic Arts
6.2 East Asian Arts
10 – 11
12
12 – 13
14
15 – 16
Oct. 19 – 23
Oct. 26 – 30
Nov. 2 – 6
Nov. 9 – 13
Nov. 16 – 20
Nov. 23 – 27
Dec. 1 - 4


Chapter VII – Development 
of Visual Art in the Philippines

7.1 Painting
7.2 Sculpture
7.3 Architecture in the
Philippines
Assessment 2
Chapter VIII – Development

of Performing Arts in the Phil.

8.1 The development of
music
8.2 The development of
literature
8.3 The development of
dance
8.4 The development of
Motion picture in the
Philippines
Chapter IX – Arts in the 
Cordillera Region and Muslim
South

9.1 Arts in the Cordillera
Region
9.2 Arts in the Muslim south
Chapter X – World Renowned 
Visual and Performing Arts

10.1 Renowned visual artist
in
the Philippines and other
countries
10.2 Renowned performing
artist in the Philippines
Course Requirements
learning resources
Collect picture clips in
relation to the development
of visual arts
Reading the provided
learning resources
Make a reflection paper how
art influenced the lives of the
people in the different Asian
regions
Reading the uploaded
learning materials
Collect picture clips of old
and new buildings in the
Philippines (churches,
mosques, school,
commercial, recreational and
cultural buildings)
Reading the provided
learning resources
Reflection paper about the
development of performing
arts in the Philippines
Reading the provided
learning resources
Collect picture clips of art
work from the cordillera
region and the Muslim south
Reading the provided
learning resources
Reflection paper for 1 visual
artist and 1 performing artist
4|Page
Week
Date
17 – 18
Dec. 7 – 11
Dec. 14 – 18
18
Topics
and other countries
Chapter XI – Famous Filipino 
Painters and Composers

11.1 Famous Filipino painters
from Spanish period to
contemporary time
11.2 Famous Filipino music
composer
Assessment 3
Course Requirements
Reading the provided
learning resources
Reflection paper for 1
famous Filipino painter and
composer
5|Page
C. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
IAN L. SAGARIO
Assistant Professor 1
ian.sagario@cbsua.edu.ph
09104894937
IAN L. SAGARIO is a faculty member of Central
Bicol State University of Agriculture – Sipocot campus,
under the College of Industrial Technology handling major
subjects (electronics), academic (art appreciation) and
NSTP. Presently he is the Industrial Linkages and
Development Office Coordinator of the college. He started
teaching in the University since November 1998 up to
present.
ODELIO C. MACINAS is faculty member of Central Bicol
State University of Agriculture – Sipocot Campus, College of
Industrial Technology handling academic subjects. His field of
interests are Design Technology, and Drawing. He received his
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Education major in Drafting
Technology in Bicol University, 1991. In the year 2010, received
his Master’s degree in Master in Education major in
Administration and Supervision at Partido College. He earned
his 30 Units in Master of Arts in Industrial Education major in
Instructional Technology in Bicol University from 1992- 1995.
ODELIO C. MACINAS
Assistant Professor 4
odelio.macinas@cbsua.edu.ph
+63 947-7228-820
MARICEL DIOKNO is a faculty of College of Industrial
Technology handling major subjects in Food Trades. She
received her Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology major in
Food Technology- Cum Laude. She is pursuing her Master of
Science in Industrial Education in Bicol University. She had
several researches conducted and presented.
MARICEL DIOKNO
Instructor- 1
maricel.diokno@cbsua.edu.ph
090776832737
6|Page
D. ASSESSMENT
Assessment
Type
PercenTage
Week 1-6
Summative Test
30%
Course
Learning
Outcomes
CO1, CO2, CO3,
CO4, CO5, CO6
Due Date
Graduate Attributes
Aug. 17 –
Sept. 25
Develop
Professionalism and
Social Responsibility
Test coverage are
the topics from
week
1-6
Produce effective
and creative
innovations
Appreciate the value
of art in daily life
Train in effective
communication with
individuals and
groups
Produce a wellrounded citizen
Week 7-12
Week 13-18
Test coverage are
the topics from
week
7 -12
30%
Final Exam
40%
CO1, CO2, CO3,
CO4, CO5, CO6
Sept. 28
– Nov. 6
-do-
CO1, CO2, CO3,
CO4, CO5, CO6
Nov. 9 –
Dec. 18
-do-
Test coverage are
the topics from
week
13 -18
7|Page
Week 1 - 2 UNIT 1 CHAPTER I THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF ART
INTRODUCTION
This unit provide an overview of different art meaning given by various authors as well
as the importance of it. It will cover the nature of art, the subject of art, the function of art, the
scope of art and the origin of art.
By the end of this unit, the students will be able to understand and explain the meaning,
nature, and importance of arts in their lives and be able to reflect on the functions of art with
regard to their personal contributions to the development of art.
PRE-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
Pre-test. The purpose of this test is to determine your baseline knowledge or
preparedness in this unit.
Answer the following questions.
a. What is your definition of arts? Art appreciation?
b. How can art be an aid to better citizenship? Give examples to illustrate this.
c. In what way does art contribute to the physical, social, and spiritual well-being of
man?
d. What are the functions of art in the context of enhancing your personality?
LEARNING RESOURCES
A. To access the following resources, please click the link below
LR1:
https://www.educationworld.in/t
he-importance-of-artappreciation/
Done
B. Google Docs. This will be shared and used to collaborate with other students
simultaneously. Students are encouraged to place their note or some point here for further
discussion.
EXPLORE
This module contains learning materials and activities for the students to complete.
8|Page
Concepts:
1. Loosely defined, the term humanities refers to the arts – the visual arts such as, painting,
and sculpture; the performing arts such as music, dance, theatre or drama, and
literature. They are the branches of learning concerned with human thought, feelings,
and relations.
2. The term art comes from the Italian word, artis, which means “craftsmanship, skill,
mastery of form, inventiveness, and the association that exist between form and ideas
and between material and techniques;” from the Aryan root ar which means “to join” or
“put together”, from the Greek words “ artizein,” which means to “prepare”, and arkiskein,
meaning to put together.”
3. Art is very important in our lives as it is concerned with the communication of certain
ideas and feelings by means of a sensuous medium – color, sound, bronze, marble,
words, and film.
4. The subject of art is varied. Some arts are representational; others are
nonrepresentational, non-objective, or abstract.
5. All arts have functions for people since they satisfy particular needs of people.
6. Visual arts or space arts are those that we perceive with our eye and which occupy
space.
7. Auditory or time arts are those that can be heard and are expressed in time.
8. Combined arts are those that can be both seen and heard and exist in both space and
time.
Objectives:
At the end of this unit, the student should be able:
1. To explain the meaning, nature, and importance of arts in our lives.
2. To determine the subject of art and its functions.
3. To be able to reflect on the functions of art with regard to their personal contributions to
the development of art.
The Nature of Art
Art is very important in our lives. It constitutes one of the oldest and most means of
expression developed by man. Art has been existent since men have lived together. In fact, in
nearly every country, art can be found in primitive societies. Art has been created by all people
at all times; it has lived because it is liked and enjoyed. A true work of art is made by man
himself not imitatively, but creatively. A true artist does not imitate nature but rather interprets it
in his own way by selecting the essential features of the subject and rejecting the minor ones.
Art has been defined in various ways. Hereunder are some of the definitions given by
various authors:
1. Art is derived from the Latin word ars, meaning “ability or skill.” – J.V. Estolas
2. Art is taken from the Italian word artis, which means craftsmanship, skill, mastery of
form, inventiveness, and the associations that exist between form and ideas, between
material and technique. – A. Tan.
3. Art is a product of man’s need to express himself. – F. Zulueta.
9|Page
4. Art is concerned with the communication of certain ideas and feelings by means of
sensuous medium, color, sound bronze, marble, words, and film. – C. Sanchez.
5. Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world. Plato.
6. Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind – one which demands for its own satisfaction
and fulfilling, a shaping of matter to new and more significant form. – John Dewey.
7. Art is the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of
nature such as colors, sounds, lines, movements, words, stones, wood, etc., to express
human feelings, emotions, or thoughts in a perfect meaningful and enjoyable way. –
Panizo and Rustia.
From the definitions above, there are four (4) common essentials of art: 1. Art
must be man-made; 2. Art must be creative, not imitative; 3. Art must benefit and satisfy
man and man must make use of art in practical terms; and 4. Art is expressed through a
certain medium or material by which the artist communicates himself to his fellows.
Art has a particular importance in our lives. All the art that we see and hear have
a purpose; they occupy some place in our judgement.
We can communicate through paintings, songs, dances, and dramatic plays to
highlight and heighten the importance of certain events, keep them in memory and
indulge in pleasure. We also build monuments to remind us of the heroic deeds of great
men.
Artworks are also valuable sources of inspiration. We are delighted by the books
we read and moved by the music we hear. Paintings, sculptures, and plays capture our
attention and stimulate critical thinking. Modern architecture designs inspire us to plan
and construct our houses beautifully.
Through an artist’s work, we get a glimpse of the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs
of the people who lived in the period the artwork was produced and the external factors
that influenced the artwork. We also value and appreciate beautiful things as a
consequence of our encounter with the arts. Our aesthetic experience can change our
ways and behavior. They can transform us into highly-cultured, dignified, and
respectable human beings. The arts can beautify our humanity.
This explains why the arts is called the humanities. It brings out the good and the
noble in us. Through the arts, we come to know the changing image of man as he
journeys across time, searches for the reality, and strives to achieve the ideals that
create the meaning of life.
Art appreciation is the ability to interpret or understand man-made arts and
enjoy them either through actual and work-experience with art tools and materials or
possession of these works of art for one’s admiration and satisfaction.
The Subject of Art
In any art form – painting, music, sculpture, or dance – there is always a subject
that serves as the foundation of the creation of the work of art. The subject of art is
varied. A subject of art is usually anything that is represented in the artwork. It is varied –
it may be a person, object, scene, or event.
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Artworks that depict something easily recognized by most people are called
representational or objective arts. Painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature, and
threatre arts are generally classified as representational, although some paintings and
sculptures are without subjects. Music and dance may or may not have subjects.
Artworks that have no resemblance to any real subject are called nonrepresentational or non-objective arts. They do not represent anything and they are what
they are. They rather appeal directly to the senses primarily because of the satisfying
organization of their elements.
Some contemporary painters have shifted their interest to the work of art as an
object in itself, an exciting combination of shaves and colors that fulfills the aesthetic
need without having to represent images or tell a story. Many modern paintings have a
purely visual appeals; so difficult that literal-oriented spectators cannot appreciate them.
On the contrary, traditional sculptures and paintings have subjects. When looking
at a traditional painting or a statue, one expects to recognize the subject – a man, a dog,
a landscape.
The Function of Art
Every art form has a definite function since it satisfies a particular need. To the
layman, art may have little function. Some find meaning in art in its ability to serve the
purpose for which it was designed. Obviously, architecture is directly and almost entirely
functional because buildings and other structures are always built for some special
purpose. Music and dance were used in ancient rituals and worship of the gods, for
social and folk entertainment, as well in the military. Painting and sculpture may be used
to narrate events, to portray people or events, to instruct (as in the case of Christian art),
to commemorate individuals or historical events, and to serve as vehicles of personal
expression. Metal works such as gates, grills, lamps, Christian religious objects, armor,
weapons, and tools, ceramics, glassware, stained glass, mosaic, tilework, textile, and
furniture are among the many types of arts or crafts. Each of these examples is made for
some definite and specific use.
The four main functions of art are:
1. Aesthetic function – through art, man becomes conscious of the beauty of nature. He
benefits from his own work and from those done by his fellowmen. He learns to use,
love, and preserve them for his enjoyment and appreciation.
2. Utilitarian function – with the creation of the various form of art, man now lives in
comfort and . Through art, man is provided with shelter, clothing, food, light,
medicine, beautiful surrounding, personal ornamentals, entertainment, language,
transportation, and other necessities and conveniences of life. Art not only enriches
man’s life but also improves nature through landscape gardening, creation of superhighways, and through propagation and conservation of natural resources.
3. Cultural function – through the printed matter, art transmits and preserve skills and
knowledge from one generation to another. It makes man aware of his/her cultural
background, making him/her more knowledgeable and his/her life more enduring and
satisfying.
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4. Social function – through civic and graphic arts, man learns to love and help each
other. International understanding and cooperation are fostered and nations become
more unified, friendly, cooperative, helpful, and sympathetic.
The Scope of Art
Various authors classify arts in different ways. According to Manaois, there are two (2)
general dimensions of arts, namely 1. Fine arts or independent arts and 2. Practical
arts or utilitarian arts. Fine arts are made primarily for aesthetic enjoyment through the
senses, especially visual and auditory. Practical arts are intended for practical use. It is
the development of raw materials for utilitarian purposes.
Fine arts or aesthetic arts are music, painting, sculpture, architecture, literature,
dance and drama. Practical arts are industrial art, applied or household art, civic art,
commercial art, graphic art, agricultural art, business art, distributive art, and fishery art.
According to Custodiosa Snachez (2002), arts consist of visual arts, literature,
drama and threatre, music, and dance. Visual arts are those that we perceive with our
eyes. They may be classified into two groups, namely: 1. Graphic arts; and 2. Plastic
arts. Graphic arts include painting, drawing, photography, graphic process (printing),
commercial art (designing of books, advertisements, signs posters, and other displays),
and mechanical process, in which portrayals of forms and symbols are recorded on a
two-dimensional surface. Plastic arts include all fields of visual arts for which materials
are organized into three-dimentional forms such as structural architecture, landscape
architecture (gardens, park, playgounds, golf course beautification), city physical
planning and interior arranging (design of wallpaper, furniture), sculpture, crafts,
industrial design, dress and costumes design, and threatre design.
Josefina Estolas (1995) grouped arts into major and minor arts. Major arts
include painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music and dance. Minor arts include
the decorative arts, popular arts, graphic arts, plastic arts, and industrial arts. She also
grouped arts into: visual arts (short story, novel, poetry, drama); popular arts (film,
newspaper, magazines, radio, television); gustatory art of the crusine (food preparation,
beverage preparation); and decorative arts or applied arts (beautification of houses,
offices, cars, and other structures).
Panizo and Rustia (995) classified arts into two (2) divisions: 1. According to
purpose and 2. According to media and forms:
Arts that are classified according to purpose fall into 5 categories: practical arts
or useful arts. Liberal arts, fine arts, major arts, and minor arts. Practical or useful arts
are directed to produce artifacts and utensils for the satisfaction of human needs.
Handicrafts (basket weaving, mat weaving, etc.), embroidery, ceramics, iron and metal
crafts, and tin can manufacturing are examples of this arts. Liberal arts are directed
toward intellectual growth, such as in the study of philosophy, psychology, literature,
mathematics, and sciences.
Fine arts are focused towards creative activity for the contemplation of the mind
and the upliftment of the spirit. Painting, sculpture, and architecture are examples of
12 | P a g e
these arts. Major arts on the other hand, are characterized by actual and potential
expressiveness such as music, poetry, and sculpture. Minor arts on the other hand, are
concerned with practical uses and purposes, such as interior decoration and porcelain
art.
Arts that are classified according to media and forms are divided into five types:
plastic arts, phonetic arts, kinetic arts, pure arts, and mixed arts.
Plastic arts are works which in a physical space and perceived by the sense of
sight. Such arts include sculpture and decorative materials. Kinetic arts involve the
element of rhythm. Dance is a popular type of kinetic arts. Phonetic arts utilize sounds
and words as mediums of expression. Examples are music, drama, and literature. Pure
arts take only one medium of expression like sound in music and color in painting.
Mixed arts take more than one medium such as the opera which combines music,
poetry, and drama.
The Origin of Art
Art is viewed as a reflection of creativity, ingenuity, and inventiveness within a
culture. Its value is seen not only in terms of its styles and craftsmanship but also in its
functional interaction with all the elements that constitute human life and culture.
The history of art began with that of humanity. Art dates back to the time when
superstitions and beliefs in the spirits are still very common in every culture. Indigenous
art in the form of dancing, painting, music, poetry accompanied ancient rituals and
ceremonies. Men and women of the early times perform dances to entertain, to worship
their gods and goddesses, or to invoke success and blessings. Their music and poetry
chronicles the life and works of their ancestors as well as legendary origins of heroes,
heroines, and gods.
Tribalist cultures often wore body paintings during ceremonies. Cave painting
and drawings are believed to reflect ancient religious beliefs and visions. Most
sculptures from the early periods are also associated with religion, with gods and
goddesses as most common subjects. Artworks made from the more durable materials
like metal, stone, clay, bone, and glass survive longer than those made from materials
that are more prone to decay like wood. This is why most of sculptures made in wood
had been lost through time.
The temples of the East and West bear evidences of arts that pertain to gods,
goddesses, religious animals, demons, priests, kings, and queens.
DISCUSSION BOARD
The following questions serve as guide for discussion for independent learning.
1. Why is introduction to art appreciation an essential subject in the curriculum?
2. In what ways does art contribute to the physical, social, and spiritual well-being of man?
13 | P a g e
3. What are the functions of art in the context of enhancing your personality?
POST-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
Answer the following questions.
e. What is your definition of arts? Art appreciation?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
f. How can art be an aid to better citizenship? Give examples to illustrate this.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___ .
g. In what way does art contribute to the physical, social, and spiritual well-being of
man?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ .
h. What are the functions of art in the context of enhancing your personality?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________ .
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Week 3 - 4
UNIT 2 CHAPTER II
THE ARTIST’S MEDIUM
INTRODUCTION
This unit designed to provide an overview of artist medium and techniques on visual art
and performing art.
By the end of this unit, the students will be able to identify the different materials used by
an artist; understand the different technique to achieve the desired and meaningful effect of
work of arts; appreciate the vase of self-trust in producing art; and come up with a simple art
presentation.
PRE-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
Pre-test. The purpose of this test is to determine your baseline knowledge or
preparedness in this unit.
A. Answer the following questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is medium? What is technique?
What are the different mediums used by painters? Sculptors? Architects?
Why do artist differs in their choice of subjects for their artworks?
What does the artist express in his paintings?
What is the medium of literature? Explain the nature of translation
B. Multiple choice:
Complete each statement by circling the letter that responds to your answer.
1. This learning unit deals primarily with
a. History of painting
b. The artist’s medium
c. The painter as a visual artist and his work of art
d. None of the above
2. Realistic artists portray in their artwork
a. Man’s inhumanity to man
b. The exact replica of what they see and feel
c. Sceneries, events, and places
d. None of the above
3. The favorite subject of realists are
a. The life of the poor, the peasants, and the condition of their period
b. Their emotions and aspirations
c. Their talents portrayed in colorful contrast
15 | P a g e
d. None of the above
4. The keyboard instruments include
a. Guitar
b. Piano
c. Flute
d. Bass drum
5. The art of making two or three dimentional abstract form by the use of
different mediums.
a. Painting
b. Sculpture
c. Achitecture
d. Literature
6. Art of designing and constructing building.
a. Painting
b. Sculpture
c. Achitecture
d. Literature
7. Tone is lighter in character, less somber, and frequently more flexible.
a. Soprano
b. Tenor
c. Bass
d. Alto
8. The string instruments include
a. Guitar
b. Piano
c. Flute
d. Bass drum
9. The skill of movement executed by the dancer.
a. Technique
b. Spotting
c. Foot work
d. Moon walk
10. Subject are either cut, lacirated, mutilated, or hacked.
a. Elongation
b. Mangling
c. Distortion
d. Cubism
LEARNING RESOURCES
A. To access the following resources, please click the link below
LR1:
https://www.scribd.com/doc/142
332130/Chapter-2-the-Artist-sMedium
Done
B. Google Docs. This will be shared and used to collaborate with other students
simultaneously.
Students are encouraged to place their note or some point here for further discussion.
16 | P a g e
EXPLORE
This module contains learning materials and activities for the students to complete.
Concepts:
1. Medium refers to the materials used by an artist.
2. Technique is the manner in which the artist controls the medium to achieve desired
effect.
3. Combined arts are those whose mediums can be both seen and heard and which exist
in both space and time.
4. Painting is the art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of pigments.
5. Architecture is the art of designing and constructing a structure.
6. Sculpture is the construction of a figure by putting together module segments of the
material.
Objectives:
At the end of this unit, the student should be able:
1. To familiarize oneself of how an artwork is made, put together, or organized.
2. To determine the meaning conveyed by the art and how an artwork makes life more
meaningful.
3. To appreciate the vase of self-trust in producing art
4. To compare and contrast the different mediums in art production.
5. To come up with a simple art presentation.
Medium and Technique
Medium are classified into two:
1. Visual – these are mediums can be seen and which occupy space.
Group into two Classes:
a. Two-dimensional arts- painting, drawing, printmaking, and photography.
b. Three-dimensional arts- sculpture, architecture, landscape, community planning,
industrial design, ceramics and furnitures.
2. Auditory- these are mediums can be heard and which expressed in time.
Music and Literature eg. Dance, Opera, Drama and Movies
Technique- is an important aspect that distinguishes an Art form Craft.
Example: a sculptor’s technique is his way of handling chisel and hammer, likewise a
painter who holds his brush and flows his strokes applied in the canvass.
Mediums:
In Painting
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
Watercolor
Fresco
Tempera
Pastel
Encaustic
Oil
Acrylic
Mosaic
Stained Glass
Tapestry
Drawing
Bistre
Crayons
Charcoal
Silverpoint
In Printmaking
a. Woodcut
b. Engraving
c. Relief
d. Intaglio
e. Stencil Printing
In Sculpture
a. Stone
b. Jade
c. Ivory
d. Metals
e. Bronze
f. Brass
g. Copper
h. Gold and silver
i. Lead
j. Plaster
k. Clay
l. Glass
m. Wood
n. Terra Cotta
Architecture
Architecture- is the art of designing a building and supervising its construction. It fulfills man’s
needs that lead to its creation.
Man’s needs:
1. Physical Needs- shelter
2. Emotional Needs – endowed with rich beauty and interest
3. Intellectual Needs- the purpose of occupation
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4. Psychosocial Needs- recognition, response, self-expression
Factors in the choice and use of Architectural Materials
1. Structural Property- workability with tools when used as construction materials.
a. Compressive strength
b. Tensile
c. Porosity
d. Lightness
e. Durability
f. Rigidity
g. Gracefulness
h. Flexibility of use
2. Physical Property – aesthetic use of the material for beauty
a. Texture
b. Tonal quality
c. Color
3. Weakness of the materials
a. Rotting
b. Corrosion due to moisture
c. Susceptibility to infection
d. Discoloration
e. Solar radiation
f. Fungus growth
4. Longevity of materials- lifespan of material
a. 10 years
b. 20 Years
c. Half a century
d. More than a century
5. Other inherent properties
a. Weight
b. Water resistance
c. Heat resistance
d. Acoustic values
6. Others ( non-inherent properties)
a. Availability
b. economy
Classification of Architectural Materials
1. The materials from nature
2. Materials manufactured or made by man
3. Indigenous Materials.
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Performing Arts
A. MUSIC
Vocal Music- is the oldest and natural form of music.
Classification of Vocal Music:
Under Long Vocal Form
1. Opera
2. Cantata
3. Oratorio
4. Moro-moro
5. Zarzuela
Under Short Vocal Form
1. Folksongs
2. Art songs
3. Kundiman
4. Balitaw
5. Donza-habanera
6. Anthem
7. Motet
8. Madrigal
9. Ballad
10. Chorale
11. Round/cannon
12. Area
Voice Classification
Voice differs considerably according to timbre (quality) and range. As to timbre, they are
classified into two:
a. Womens’ voices
1. Soprano-tone is lighter in character, less somber and frequently more flexible,
and classified into:
a. Coloratura soprano
b. Mezzo-soprano
c. Lyric soprano
2. Alto or contralto- tone is richer and fuller.
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b. Men’s voices
1. Tenor-the highest type in men’s voices
2. Baritone- the voice is between tenor and bass
3. Bass- lowest and deepest voice quality
The instrumental Music
Musical instruments are the second medium in music. Forms of instrumental music
are classified into:
1. Sonata- long composition for solo instrument, consisting of large sections called
movements. This movements are the allegro, andante and rondo.
2. Suite- a series of musical pieces that tells a story.
3. Symphony- a sonata for the orchestra.
4. Concerto – a sonata for solo and orchestra designed to show-off the virtuosity of the
soloist.
5. Chamber music- written for two solo instruments.
The different Musical Instruments
String Instruments
a.
b.
c.
d.
Violin
Viola
Violoncello
String bass
Woodwinds
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Piccolo
Flute
Clarinet
Oboe
English Horn
Bass Clarinet
Bassoon
Contrabassoon
Brasses
a.
b.
c.
d.
Trumpet
French Horn
Trombone
Tuba
Percussion Instruments
a. Snare Drum
b. Bass Drum
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c. Cymbals
d. Triangle
Properties of Musical Sound
1. Pitch – the highness or lowness of a tone in the musical scale.
2. Duration – property of sound depends on the length of time over which vibration is
maintain.
3. Volume- the force or percussive effects as result of which the tone strikes us being loud
or soft.
4. Timbre or Tone Color - individual quality of the sound produced by the other
instruments.
LITERATURE
Language- is the medium of literature and combined arts
Methods of Art Production and Presentation
1. Realism- describe as accurately and honestly as possible what is observed through
senses.
2. Abstraction – it does not show the subject at all as an object reality, but only ideas and
feelings.
Presentation of Abstract Subjects:
a. Distortion
b. Elongation
c. Mangling
d. Cubism
e. Abstract Expression ( strong color, heavy impasto, uneven brush
strokes and rough textures)
3. Symbolism – is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or quality.
4. Fauvism- these does not attempt to express ethical, philosophical or psychological
themes.
5. Dadaism- it tries to shock and provoke the public with outrageous pieces of writing,
poetry, recital and art exhibitions.
6. Futurism - to capture the speed and force of modern society and glorifies mechanical
energy of modern life.
7. Surrealism – it tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life. It is used as
weapon against evil and restrictions that the surrealists see in the society.
8. Expressionism- - they believed in the necessity of a spiritual rebirth for man in an age
that was fast becoming influenced by materialism.
Lesson Summary
Medium, which come from the Latin word medium, denotes the means by which an artist
communicates his idea. These materials which are used by an artist to interpret his feeling or
thoughts.
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On the basis of medium, the arts are primarily classified as visual and auditory. Visual Arts are
those whose mediums can be seen and which occupy space. These are grouped into two
classes. The first is the dimensional or two-dimensional arts which include painting, drawing,
printmaking, and photography. The three-dimensional arts include sculpture, architecture,
landscape, community planning, industrial designs, and crafts like ceramics and furnitures.
Technique is the manner in which the artist controls his medium to achieve the desired effect.
It is the ability with which he fulfills the technical requirements of his particular work of art.
DISCUSSION BOARD
The following questions serve as guide for discussion for independent learning.
1. Why Medium is very important in exploring Art activities?
4. What are the different methods of presentation and production of art? Cite an Example on
each method.
5. How do we categorize Voice of a singer? Cite at least five(5) singers and their categories
POST-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
Activity 1
1. Look on your surroundings and find an artwork, maybe a painting or sculpture and
even a structure, and discuss their medium or materials, the artist or designer who
made it and when it was done.
2. List down at least five Filipino Artists and their works of art, giving the titles of their
medium, and medium used, the method used in the production and presentation of
their arts.
Note: Take a picture of enumerated questions above and indicate your interpretation
and post it to our GC.
Artwork from home 1 (Project 1)
Create a poster design using any medium (watercolor, pastel, poster, etc.) using
cartolina or any available materials in your location. The theme relates to the present
pandemic catastrophe showing the heroic acts of our Front liners. Take of picture of it
while holding by yourself as the artist and post it in your personal Messenger.
Project timeline: One to two (1-2) Weeks from the start of posting at the GC.
CRITERIA:
30-% Relevance to the theme
40%- Artistry
30%- Visual Impact
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Week 5
UNIT 3 CHAPTER 3 ELEMENTS OF VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS
INTRODUCTION
This unit designed to provide a full overview of Elements of Visual and Performing Arts
that can be seen in some mediums..
By the end of this unit, the students will be able to identify and explain elements of visual
and performing arts by developing their skills through their personal contributions to the
development of art.
PRE-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
Pre-test. The purpose of this test is to determine your baseline knowledge or
preparedness in this unit.
Answer the following questions.
i.
j.
What are basic elements of arts? Define it?
Associate one of the basic elements of arts? Give examples to identify their
elements found.
k. In your own idea or opinion, what elements that describes the man’s personality?
l. What are the functions of elements of art in the context of enhancing your
personality?
LEARNING RESOURCES
C. To access the following resources, please click the link below
LR3:
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/
clxrisse/the-elements-of-visualarts-and-performing-arts51686050
Done
D. Google Docs. This will be shared and used to collaborate with other students
simultaneously. Students are encouraged to place their note or some point here for further
discussion.
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EXPLORE
This module contains learning materials and activities for the students to
complete.
Concepts:
1. The elements of art consist of the qualities or properties inherent in each work of
art.
2. The elements of visual arts are line, color, texture, perspective, space, form,
volume, light, and shadow.
3. Line can make us know what the work is about.
4. Color refers to the quality or kind of light that reflects from the surface of the
object.
5. Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch.
6. Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects by
means of which the eye judges spatial relationships.
7. Space is concerned with making all parts functional so that all parts of the work
of art will contribute to make the whole a complete work of art.
8. Form describes the structure or shape of the object.
9. Volume refers to amount of light that reflects from the surface of the object.
10. The elements of music are rhythm, melody, harmony, tempo, dynamics and
timbre.
11. Rhythm is the vibration of length and accentuation of a series of sounds.
12. Melody refers to the pitches or tones sounded one after another in logical
meaningful series.
13. Harmony refers to the manner of sound combination wherever we add
subordinate sounds to enhance the quality of the main sound.
14. Tempo refers to the speed of a certain musical piece.
15. Dynamics refers to the amount, strength, or volume of the sound.
16. Timbre refers to the tone quality.
Objectives:
At the end of this unit, the student should be able:
1. To explain the relationship of the elements of the different fields of arts.
2. To explain how their elements are presented in the different artwork.
3. To be able to reflect on the functions of art with regard to their personal
contributions to the development of art.
4. To determine the elements of music and literature as performing arts.
5. To develop one’s aesthetic sense of beauty.
6. To develop the ability to perceive or organize the true color of objects.
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Elements of Visual Arts
The medium is the physical means through which we can come into contact with
a work of art, and the elements are its quantities or properties.
The elements of visual arts are line, color, texture, perspective, space, volume,
light and shadow.
LINE
Line – is one of the element which disposed by an artist through painting or
sculpture to represent figures and forms.
Horizontal lines- are lines of repose and serenity. They express ideas of
calmness and quiescence.
Vertical lines- are lines poised for action. They suggest poise, balance,
force, aspiration, exaltation and dynamism.
Diagonal lines- suggest action, life, and movement.
Curved lines- suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability, movement,
flexibility, joyousness and grace.
Crooked or jagged lines- express energy, violence, conflict, and struggle.
COLOR
Color- is one of the element of art which describe as the property of light and
has most aesthetic appeal.
Three dimensions of Color
1. Hue- name of color
2. Value- refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.
Tints- are values above the normal
Shades – are values below the normal
3. Intensity- refers to the brightness or dullness of color.
Color Harmonies- is the pleasant combination of different color hue at
the same time.
Two kinds of Color harmonies:
1.Related Color Harmonies- monochromatic or
adjacent
2. Contrasted Color Harmonies- complementary
colors
Other harmonies- Triadic, Split complementary, double complementary, etc.
Psychology of Colors- refers to psychological and emotional association of
color and its connotations.
Example:
Black- -death, gloom
White- purity, innocence
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Blue- heaven, peace, sky
Red- anger, provokes fear
Green- nature, freshness, well-being
TEXTURE
Texture – is one of the element of art which describe the characteristics of a
surface which can add richness and vitality to the painting. It gives a
surface unevenness which causes the color of the surface to be broken
into gradations of light and shade. It is very real to sculptors and
architects while to the painter it is an optical illusion to show.
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective- deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by
means of which the eye judges spatial relationships. It enables us to
perceived distance and to see the position of the object in space.
Kinds of Perspective:
1. Linear Perspective- it is the representation of an appearance of distance
by means of converging lines.
2. Aerial Perspective- it is the representation of relative distances of objects
by gradations of tone and color.
SPACE
The exterior of the building is seen as it appears in space, while the
interior is seen by one who is inside an enclosing space. Painting does not deal
with space directly. Sculpture involves very little space relationship or perception
of space.
FORM
Form- describes the structure or shape of an object. It directs the
movements of the eyes. It signifies visual weight.
Classified into: regular, irregular, centralized, linear, radial, clustered and
grid
VOLUME
Volume- refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. It refers to solidity
or thickness.
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Elements of Performing Arts
MUSIC
Music- is an auditory art, uses as particular language to know its elements in order to
understand the musician’s mode or technique of manipulating sounds in
order to create meaning.
Elements of Music:
1. Rhythm – it is the variation of length and accentuation of a series of
sounds.
2. Melody- it refers to pitches or tones sounded one after another in a
logical and meaningful series.
3. Pitch- the highness or lowness of sound which determine solely by the
frequency of molecular vibration.
4. Harmony – the manner of sound combination wherein we add
subordinate sounds to enhance quality of main sounds.
5. Tempo- refers to the speed of a certain musical piece.
6. Dynamics – refers to the amount, strength or volume of the sound.
7. Timbre – refers to tone quality.
DANCE
Dance- is an art and a recreation. As an art, it tells a story, asset set of moods, or
expresses an emotion. Dances are vary in form.
Types of Dances:
1. Folk dance/ Ethnic dances- are social dances that portray the beliefs,
interest, habits, customs, and practices of native.
2. Ballroom dances- are dances of public entertainment, usually pairs in
ballrooms, nightclubs, auditoriums or public places.
3. Theatrical dances- are performed for the entertainment of the audience
in a theatre.
Elements of Dances:
1. Theme- it conveys message of a dance
2. Design- is the pattern movement in time and space
3. Movement- refers to the bodily actions of the dancer that includes steps,
gestures, and facial expression
4. Technique- the skill of movement executed by the dancer
5. Music- is the auditory backround to which the dancer moves
6. Costume and Body paraphernalia- properties worn by the dancer that
help reflect the message, customs, beliefs and setting of a dance.
7. Choreography- refers to the figures and steps in dancing that enables the
dancers to perform a dance in organized manner
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8. Scenery – refers to the backround setting where the dance performed
LITERATURE
Literature- it is an art that is expressive of human feelings. It shows well-expressed
ideas or feelings through symbolic presentation, usually through short
stories, poetry, drama, or play, essay, among others.
Classifications:
1. Escape
2. Interpretative
Uses:
 For moral values
 For propaganda
 For therapeutic value
Elements:
1. Emotional appeal
2. Intellectual appeal
3. Humanistic value
Special Elements:
1. Plot
2. Characters
3. Point of View
4. Setting
5. Theme
6. Irony
7. Symbolism
8. Style
POETRY
Poetry- is a branch of Humanities that imaginatively and figuratively expresses
man’s thoughts and feelings, usually in verse form.
Elements of Poetry:
1. Language
2. Tone
3. Imagery
4. Sounds
5. Rhythm and Meter
6. Though or meaning
7. Shape of the poem
8. Speaker
ESSAY
Essay- is a literary composition on a particular subject. It is usually short and it
expresses the author’s personal thoughts, feelings, experiences, or
observation on a phase of life that has interested him.
Elements of Essay:
1. The issue introduced
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2. The writer’s viewpoint and thought
3. The relevance of the issue to the life of the reader
NOVEL
Novel- is a long work of prose fiction dealing with characters, situations
that represent real life and setting and action is in the form of a
plot.
Elements of Novel:
1. Setting
2. Plot
3. Theme
4. Characters
DRAMA
Drama- is a presentation made up of words, sounds and actions of
characters. Some dramas are in the form of poetry- but all dramas
must be performed or acted out by character on stage, on film,
radio, television or outdoors.
Aspects of Drama:
 Drama as a script
 Drama as a Play
Elements of Drama:
1. Plot
2. Character/ dramatics personae
3. Conflict
4. Irony
5. Theme or idea
6. Climax
7. Music and spectacle
8. Costumes and Make-up
9. Dialogue
10. Setting, scenery, and lighting
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DISCUSSION BOARD
The following questions serve as guide for discussion for independent learning.
1. What are the elements of Visual Art? Define each element.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ .
2. Enumerate at least five (5) colors and give their psychological definitions.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.
3. Cite a local musical piece and the artist and identify their type of tempo.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
POST-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
PC3. Assessment with a set of review questions that reinforce the ideas in the unit.
Answer the following: identify and enumerate the group of words or words being
referred to:
1-3. Give the three dimensions of color
Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4-10. List down the elements of music.
4.
5.
6.
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7.
8.
9.
10.
11-18.What are the elements of Dance?
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19-20. What are the two aspects of Drama?
19.
20.
PC4.
Artwork from home 2 (Project 2)
1. Select and mount pictures on a cartolina or any medium available which show how
the (a) different lines direct eye movements; (b) various kinds of plane and solid form.
2. Make six color harmony chart using cartolina paper and cardboard or any medium
available.
3. Create textures on paper using varied pencil shades and pressures.
Note: attached the finished work in your module with corresponding name and section.
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Week 6
UNIT 4
CHAPTER 4
THE PRINCIPLES OF ART DESIGN
INTRODUCTION
This unit designed to provide full concepts of the Principles of Design. By the end of this
unit, the students will be able to know the importance and principles of design of an art in order
to achieve better perception to achieve beauty.
PRE-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
Pre-test. The purpose of this test is to determine your baseline knowledge or
preparedness in this unit.
Answer the following questions.
a. What are the principles of design? Define it?
b. What is design?.
LEARNING RESOURCES
E. To access the following resources, please click the link below
LR3:
https://study.com/academy/less
on/what-are-theprinciples-ofart-definition-examples.html
Done
F. Google Docs. This will be shared and used to collaborate with other students
simultaneously. Students are encouraged to place their note or some point here for further
discussion.
33 | P a g e
EXPLORE
This module contains learning materials and activities for the students to
complete.
Concepts:
1. Perception of an art is governed by different principles of art design that guide the
artist in making the art become more beautiful and interesting to the observers.
2. Through the combination of lines, colors, and forms, an artist can give the observer
new, varied, and satisfying experience.
3. Design is the overall organizational visual structure of the formal elements in a work
of art.
4. Harmony is the quality which produces an impression of unity through the solution
and arrangement of consistent objects or ideas. Every orderly arrangement is
harmony.
5. Balance is a quality of an art which gives feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium or
stability of an art.
6. Proportion is a quality of an art which shows pleasing relationship between
themselves and its parts and between the parts and themselves.
7. Rhythm is the regular, uniform or related movement made through the repetition of a
unit or motif.
8. Emphasis is a quality of an art which tends to carry the eyes from the center of
interest or dominant part of any composition to the less important or subordinate
parts.
Objectives:
1. To acquire the ability to perceive harmonious combination of lines, forms, sizes,
textures, ideas and colors.
2. To acquire the ability to perceive, recognize and make balance composition.
3. To acquire the ability to make rhythm arrangement.
4. To acquire the ability to make pleasing proportions in margins, space divisions and
the selection and arrangement of objects.
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5. To acquire the ability to select and arrange objects for emphasis.
6. To appreciate beautiful compositions or designs.
Perception of the Work of Art
Proper arrangement of the different art elements in order to produce something
beautiful is called design of art. The design of things makes objects differ from one
perception to another. Good design of an art is the result of careful and correct
application of the principles of design. The most important factor for an artist to
remember is to execute these principles in order to achieve better perception to achieve
beauty.
Elements of arts are parts of a whole while perceptions of art design are rules or
guides to help one put these elements together to achieve beauty.
All of us are designers in our own ways. The five principles of art design are
harmony, rhythm, balance, proportion and emphasis.
HARMONY
Harmony – is the art principle which produces an impression of unity through the
selection and arrangement of consistent objects or ideas. it is the
quality which unifies every part of an arrangement. If there is
harmony there is order.
Five aspects of harmony:
1. Harmony of lines and shapes
2. Harmony size
3. Harmony of Color
4. Harmony of Texture
5. harmony of Idea
RHYTHM
Rhythm – is the regular, uniform or related movement made through the
repetition of a unit or motif. It is most universal, dynamic and
pleasing art principle.
Classification:
a. Formal or Uniform- regular arrangement
b. Informal or Free- with variation
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BALANCE
Balance – is a condition or quality which gives a feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium
or stability.
It is the visual weights of lines, forms, values, textures and colors.
Kinds of Balance:
1. Formal or Symmetrical Balance – with equal visual weight.
2. Informal or Asymmetrical Balance- with unequal visual weight.
PROPORTION
Proportion- is the art principle which shows pleasing relationship between a whole
and its parts and between the parts themselves. It is the
arrangement of space divisions in pleasing relationships.
Proportions expressed in terms of Ratio
Three Aspects of Proportion
a. proportion in Grouping of Objects
b. Proportion in Space Divisions
c. Proportion in Scales
EMPHASIS
Emphasis- is the principle of art which tends to carry the eyes from the center of
interest or dominant part of composition to the less important or
subordinate parts.
Factor of Emphasis- simplicity
Methods of Emphasizing Objects:
1. By arrangement or grouping of objects
2. By Decoration
3. By Color Contrast
4. By the use of plain background space
5. By the use of unusual lines, shapes, sizes of color.
Other Art Principles
1. Novelty or newness- a new style, more attractive and interesting
2. Variety or variation- appears to be monotonous
3. Utility, adaptability or function- adaptable to the purpose
4. Contrast- opposition or contradiction to subordinating parts
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DISCUSSION BOARD
The following questions serve as guide for discussion for independent learning.
1. Why should objects in drawings and paintings be in balance forms.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ .
2. What is the significance of variety in art?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.
3. Among design art principles, which one would you consider as the most important?
Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________.
POST-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
PC5. Assessment with a set of review questions that reinforce the ideas in the unit.
Answer the following: identify and enumerate the group of words or words being
referred to:
True or False (5 Points each)
If the statement is correct write TRUE; if the statement is wrong write FALSE.
_____________ 1. Objects which have decorations are better emphasized than those
without them.
_____________ 2. The most essential factor in emphasis is simplicity.
_____________ 3. Contrast is the antonym of opposition or contradiction.
_____________ 4. Asymmetrical Balance is the balance of equal visual weights placed
at equal distances from the axis.
_____________ 5. Repetition of a unit creates a feeling of movement.
37 | P a g e
PC6.
Artwork from home 3 (Project 3)
1. Select and mount pictures in any medium available which shows each principles of
Art Design.
2. Create a sketches or drawing here and define what principles of Art Design you
applied.
Note: attached the finished work in your module with corresponding name and section.
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