Vocabulary Hook- the beginning of a paragraph or essay that catches the readers attention Concise- short and to the point, without repetition or meaningless information Contentious- controversial, likely to cause argument Conclusive- final, or having thee ability to end an arguement Context- background information Allusion- reference to other information Symbol- something that means something else Metaphor- describing something by comparing it to something else Engage- connect with or interest Restate- say again in a different way to improve understanding Biography- the life story of someone as told by someone else Autobiography- a person’s own life story as told by them Memoir- someone’s memories of an important event or time Non-Fiction- real Accomplishments- achievements, successes Anecdote- a short humorous story meant to improve our understanding of a person’s character Define- give detail about something to describe its meaning Aspect- a side or part of something Venn Diagram- two circles that short the similarities and differences between two things Segregation- a system in which things or people are separated What is a biography? Biography- “the story/record” of a “Life” - -Typically Non-Fiction True Supported by details Backed up by multiple sources Types of biography Autobiography An autobiography tells the story of a person’s own life. Biography A biography narrates the life story of a person, as written by another person or writer. It is further divided into four categories: -Popular biography (life of a footballer/singer/ etc.) -Historical biography (life of a famous historical figure) -Literary biography (life of a writer/author/poet) -Fictional biography (life of a fictional character) Memoir This is a more focused writing than an autobiography or a biography. In a memoir, a writer narrates the details of a particular event or situation that occurred in his or her lifetime. What goes in a biography? Date and place of birth and death Family information Lifetime accomplishments Major events of life Effects/impact on society, historical significance 1st Paragraph/Chapter - Early Life Biographical Structure 2nd Paragraph/Chapter - Childhood 3rd Paragraph/Chapter - Education 4th Paragraph/Chapter - Job/Marriage 5th Paragraph/Chapter - Fame/Importance 6th Paragraph/Chapter - Awards/Later Life 7th Paragraph/Chapter - Death Throughout - Thoughts/Feelings - Anecdotes What makes a good Biography? Poor Okay Good Excellent •Comprehensive evidence (facts and details) from source materials are integrated. •Relevant, and specific clear citations or attribution to source materials. •Effective use of a variety of elaborative techniques. •Vocabulary is clearly appropriate for the audience and purpose. •Effective, appropriate style enhances content. Venn Diagrams A visual way to represent similarities and differences Essay Topics- Good and Bad You will not always be given a specific way to answer a question as an essay. Often you will be give a topic, and told to write an essay about that e.g. Write an essay on the following topic: Online courses Narrowing a Topic Consider the topic you have been given What is contentious about this topic? What interests you about this topic? From Topic to Thesis Broad Topic Online courses Narrowed Topic The effectiveness of online courses Research Question Which type of course delivery is more effective—online or traditional? Thesis Traditional courses are more effective than online courses because face to face communication is more efficient and because students are more likely to be engaged in the learning process in a face to face learning community. Essay Types Analyse Describe the main ideas in depth, showing why they are important and how they are connected. Assess Discuss the strong and weak points of the subject. Put your own judgement clearly in the conclusion. Compare/Contrast Look for similarities and differences. Criticise Give your opinion/judgement about the merit of theories/facts; back this up by discussing the evidence or reasoning involved. Define Give clear, concise meanings. State limitations of the definition. Describe Give a detailed or graphic account of the topic. Discuss Give reasons for and against; examine implications; present your own position on the topic. Evaluate Weigh things up; look at the strengths and weaknesses and assess. Explain Give reasons for something. Justify Show adequate ground for decisions/conclusions and ideas/theories. Prove Establish that something is ‘true’ by presenting factual evidence or giving clear, logical reasons. Summarise Give a concise account of the main points – should not include details. Trace Follow the development of a topic. To what extent… Another way of saying evaluate but suggests that you bring out how much (or how little). Essay Introductions The purpose of the introduction is to give your reader a clear idea of what your essay will cover It should provide some background information on the specific problem or issue you are addressing, and should clearly outline your answer Context • • • • Historical, geographical, or social context An outline of the debate you’re addressing A summary of relevant theories or research about the topic Definitions of key terms Thesis Your main idea/opinion How you will approach it Essay Body Paragraphs Body paragraphs are the “meat” of the essay They are where you prove your thesis Transition Phrases 5 Paragraph Essay In a 5 paragraph essay like we are writing, body paragraphs may have different purposes Why might paragraph 3 be used to provide a counterarguement? Conclusion Paragraph The conclusion should restate your answer to the question, and briefly summarise key arguments. It does not include any new points or new information. Your conclusion should be decisive, but also show that your answer now connects to a larger situation A conclusion has three sections. - Restate the thesis of the essay - Summarize all the key points you made throughout the body of the paper (things that proved your thesis statement). - Write about why this paper and topic are important, and leave the reader with ideas for additional research or maybe some questions that didn't get answered. Martin Luther King Jr Watch and discuss: https://www.bilibili.com/ video/BV1pE411g7Q8?fro m=search&seid=17315313 632823647715 Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, GA on January 15, 1929. He went to Booker T. Washington High School. He was so smart that he skipped two grades in high school. He started his college education at Morehouse College at the young age of fifteen. After getting his degree in sociology from Morehouse, Martin got a divinity degree from Crozer Seminary and then got his doctor's degree in theology from Boston University. Martin's dad was a preacher which inspired Martin to pursue the ministry. He had a younger brother and an older sister. In 1953 he married Coretta Scott. Later, they would have four children including Yolanda, Martin, Dexter, and Bernice. How did he get involved in civil rights? In his first major civil rights action, Martin Luther King, Jr. led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This started when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. She was arrested and spent the night in jail. As a result, Martin helped to organize a boycott of the public transportation system in Montgomery. The boycott lasted for over a year. It was very tense at times. Martin was arrested and his house was bombed. In the end, however, Martin prevailed and segregation on the Montgomery buses came to an end. When did King give his famous "I Have a Dream" speech? In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. helped to organize the famous "March on Washington". Over 250,000 people attended this march in an effort to show the importance of civil rights legislation. Some of the issues the march hoped to accomplish included an end to segregation in public schools, protection from police abuse, and to get laws passed that would prevent discrimination in employment. It was at this march where Martin gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. This speech has become one of the most famous speeches in history. The March on Washington was a great success. The Civil Rights Act was passed a year later in 1964. How did he die? Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN. While standing on the balcony of his hotel, he was shot by James Earl Ray. Martin Luther King Quote Malcolm X Watch the following video: https://www.pbslearnin gmedia.org/resource/a mericon-vid-malcolmx/video/ Malcolm X What impression do you get from the man standing with MLK? Malcolm X (May 19, 1925 - February 21, 1965) was an African American nationalist and civil rights activist. Before he became Malcolm X, his name was Malcolm Stuart Little. Malcolm X's father was a Baptist minister whose skin was very dark and his mother's skin was much lighter. His parents taught him to be proud of being black in an openly anti-black society. In 1946, Little was put in prison for burglary and discovered the Nation of Islam while he was there. Activism Malcolm X, after his 1964 pilgrimage to Mecca At first, Malcolm X's actions and speeches were mostly inspired by the beliefs and teachings of the Nation of Islam. He taught that all white people were bad. Once he learned that the leader of the Nation of Islam was in relationships with many women, he quit the group and changed his religion to Sunni Islam. He went on a pilgrimage to see the Islamic holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. At this point, his opinions of white people got better, and he began to believe that white people could be good people, too. Malcolm X believed that black people should fight for their civil rights in any way they could, even if they had to become violent. He also thought that black people should support one another by shopping in stores owned by black people. He was critical of the civil rights movement. Death Malcolm X was shot dead in New York City after preaching about black rights. Three members of the Nation of Islam had a part in his murder. Personal life He had six children with Betty Shabazz. He had six grandchildren. Malcolm Shabazz was killed in May 2013. He also has two great grandchildren. Malcolm X Quote “The goal has always been the same, with the approaches to it as different as mine and Dr. Martin Luther King’s nonviolent marching that dramatizes the brutality and the evil of the Caucasian man against defenseless Blacks. And in the racial climate of this country today, it is anybody’s guess which of the ‘extremes’ in approach to the Black man’s problems might personally meet a fatal catastrophe first: ‘nonviolent’ Dr. King or so-called ‘violent’ me.” Martin Luther King talking about Malcolm X “He is very articulate, but I totally disagree with many of his political and philosophical views — at least insofar as I understand where he now stands.” “While we did not always see eye to eye on methods to solve the race problem, I always had a deep affection for Malcolm and felt that he had a great ability to put his finger on the existence and root of the problem.” Rosa Parks Rosa Parks was a civil rights leader whose refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Her bravery led to nationwide efforts to end racial segregation. Parks was awarded the Martin Luther King Jr. Award by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.
