Operating Systems What is Operating System? • It is a software that supports the computers basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals. • For mobile OS, it a software that allows smartphones and other devices to run applications and program (PC or Any Smartphone). • It manages the hardware and makes it possible for smartphones, tablets, and wearables to run apps. • Mobile Operating Systems also manage cellular and wireless network connectivity as well as phone access. It also manages mobile multimedia functions, the touch screen, Bluetooth connectivity, GPS navigation, cameras, speech recognition, and more in a mobile device. • Types of Mobile Operating System for smart phone nowadays (iPhone OS and Google Android). Types of Mobile Operating Systems • Android OS (Google Inc.) The Android mobile operating system is Google's open and free software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and also key applications for use on mobile devices, including smartphones. • Bada (Samsung Electronics) Bada is a Samsung mobile OS that was first launched in 2010. The Samsung Wave was the first smartphone to use this mobile OS. Bada provides mobile features such as multipoint-touch, 3D graphics and of course, application downloads and installation. • BlackBerry OS (Research In Motion) The BlackBerry OS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Research In Motion (RIM) for use on the company’s popular BlackBerry handheld devices. Cont… • iPhone OS / iOS (Apple) The iOS mobile operating system is available only on Apple's own manufactured devices as the company does not license the OS for thirdparty hardware. Apple iOS is derived from Apple's Mac OS X operating system. • MeeGo OS (Nokia and Intel) A joint open source mobile operating system which is the result of merging two products based on open source technologies: Maemo (Nokia) and Moblin (Intel). • Palm OS (Garnet OS) The Palm OS is a proprietary mobile operating system (PDA operating system) that was originally released in 1996 on the Pilot 1000 handheld. Cont… • Symbian OS (Nokia) Symbian is a mobile operating system (OS) targeted at mobile phones that offers a high-level of integration with communication and personal information management (PIM) functionality. Symbian OS combines middleware with wireless communications through an integrated mailbox and the integration of Java and PIM functionality (agenda and contacts). • webOS (Palm/HP) WebOS is a mobile operating system that runs on the Linux Kernel WebOS was initially developed by Palm as the successor to its Palm OS mobile operating system. It is a proprietary Mobile OS which was eventually acquired by HP. • Windows Mobile (Windows Phone) Windows Mobile is Microsoft's mobile operating system used in smartphones and mobile devices – with or without touchscreens. The Mobile OS is based on the Windows CE 5.2 kernel. In 2010 Microsoft announced a new smartphone platform called Windows Phone 7. Android Operating System Overview • Cupcake It was launched in April 2009 with API level 3. Video recording and uploading to YouTube, support for widgets and animated transition effects were added in this version. The on-screen default keyboard got text prediction feature and also the support for third-party virtual keyboards was provided. • Donut Donut was launched in September 2009. Screens with 800×480 resolution was also supported by the platform. Stand out features like Android Search, Voice Search Functionality, Handwriting gestures were added. Cont… • Éclair One of the popular versions of Android. Éclair was launched in October 2009. Many camera-oriented features like flash and digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus were introduced. Other than these, multi-touch support such as pinch zoom, multiple user accounts, Quick Contact, live wallpapers, five home screens, improved keyboard, microphone icon for voice dictation in emails, speechto-text option and Bluetooth 2.1 were included. • Froyo Froyo was launched in May 2010 with many bug fixes. It allowed the users to install the apps on SD card so that the internal memory can be managed efficiently. This version also supports 720p screens, Wi-Fi tethering. With the help Adobe Flash 10.1 integration, devices running on Froyo allow the users to watch videos on web other than YouTube. Cont… • Gingerbread Gingerbread was launched in December 2010. This version supports large screen mobiles with much larger resolution. NFC (Near Field Communication) feature was added in this version with much improved power management. Internet telephone, video chat capability were also introduced. • HoneyComb This version of Android was mainly designed for Tablets. Launched in February 2011, it came with much organised tablet UI, enhanced widgets, and improved performance. It features Dual pane modes for address book, Support for video chat using Google Talk, Hardware acceleration, Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes. Cont… • Ice Cream Sandwhich Ice Cream Sandwich was launched in October 2011 with much improved UI and ultra-modern features. This was launched with full support for multi core CPUs to improve the processing capabilities and the multitasking. The OS came out with virtual buttons, improved copy and paste functionality, Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the calendar, Face Unlock feature (a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software) and many more. • Jellybean Jelly Bean was announced at the Google I/O conference on 27 June 2012 and was launched on July 2012. This was launched mainly to improve the functionality and performance of UI. Nexus 7 was the first tablet to run Jelly Bean Cont… • Kitkat Kitkat is the first version of the OS that actually uses a previously trademarked name for a piece of candy. It is officially launched in September 2013. They added some feature like, Google voice over, Photo Editing Designs, Smart Dialer etc. • Lolipop Lolipop was launched in June 2014. It was a major shakeup in the overall look of the operating system. It was the first version of the OS that used Google’s new Material Design language, which made liberal use of lighting and shadow effects, among other things, to simulate a paper-like look for the Android user interface. The UI also got some other changes for Lollipop, including a revamped navigation bar, rich notifications for the lockscreen, Priority Mode, Predict Battery Life, New Quick Setting and Ambient Display. Cont… • Marshmallow Was released in October 2015. It features Battery Consumption, Privacy and Security(Fingerprint sensors), Utility Productivity like Translator and Smart text selection, Improve connectivity, Expandable Storage, MIDI support, Automatic backup and Restore, and etc. • Nougat Nougat OS launched in August 2016. It introduces notable changes to the operating system and its development platform, including the ability to display multiple apps on-screen at once in a split-screen view. It includes more languages and Emoji, High Performances for 3D Graphics, Virtual Reality, More efficient smart battery and etc. Cont… • Oreo In March 2017, Google officially announced and released of the OS Oreo. This version of Android OS added the following Features: Picture-in-Picture mode, notifications, Auto sizing Text view, color management, Web View Api’s, Multi-display support and many more. • Pie August 2018 is the official release date of the Android OS “Pie”. They enhance battery consumption with adaptive screen brightness, new gesture Navigations, New accessibility Menu, New Screenshot shortcut, enhance security features, Quick and Easy Screen Rotation, Enhance Notification Information and etc. What is the iOS Operating System? • iOS is the operating system developed by apple.inc company. iOS runs on all of Apple’s mobile devices. IOS is the second-largest operating system worldwide after Android. • IOS uses a multi-touch interface in which the device is operated with the help of simple texture. Simple gestures such as swapping fingers on top of the device’s screen. Which can be worked on by moving to the next patch. And pinching with your finger to zoom the screen. You can do all this work freely on iOS. How is iOS different from other operating systems? • IOS is completely different from other mobile phone operating systems. Because it keeps all the apps in its device inside its protective shell. So that apps stay away from each other and do not interfere in each other’s work. IOS is designed in such a way that if the device accidentally gets a virus through apps then it can fail to harm other apps. While no such feature is seen in other operating systems. Protective Shells in iOS. She is surrounded by apps. Therefore, due to them, a lot of flaws also occur in the apps. Because one app cannot communicate directly with another app. Like we see in Android OS devices. If someone has sent a link to the news in WhatsApp, then we can see it by opening any browser through Google Chrome. Security of the ios operating system: iOS provides strong security in its hardware and software. 1) Before fully booting into iOS, there’s a low-level code that runs from boot ROM. Its function is to verify that the Apple root CA is signed by a public key before running the low-level bootloader. 2) Secure Enclave may be a crop processor found in an iOS device that contains a Touch ID or Face ID. it’s its own secure boot process to make sure that it’s completely secure. A hardware random number generator is additionally included as a part of this coprocessor. Each device’s Secure Enclave features a unique ID that’s given when creating it and can’t be changed
