1819-SIG102 -V1
Level I Science Grid Questions
T1Wk12
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Sample Questions Exam
1. Mitosis is the process of dividing the ___________________ DNA of the cell into two new ____________
and this is followed by cytokinesis in which the large cell with two nuclei ___________ into two new
cells.
2. There are four types of asexual reproduction: ____________, _________________, ___________ and
__________________ _______________.
3. Most of the life-cycle, of a “cell with a nucleus” is just __________________ and making ____________
of its organelles and its chromosomes. A typical life cycle of a cell is one day long, but cell division
(mitosis) takes of this only about 1 ¼ hours.
4. The first stage of mitosis is prophase, in which the nuclear membrane _________________________ and
5. long strands of DNA organize themselves into condensed _________________________.
6. The third stage of mitosis is anaphase where the chromosomes ________________ as they are
7. ___________________ to either side.
8. The fourth stage is telophase where new nuclear membranes ______________________around the two sets
of chromosomes forming two nuclei within one cell. This is the ________________ of mitosis.
9. Important point: Humans have ______________ pairs of “homologous” chromosomes, each pair being a
copy of the chromosome of one parent. In mitosis Every chromosome makes an identical copy of itself and
the identical two copies remain attached to each other at the centre, forming an identical-pair. When
chromosomes align in the middle during metaphase, there are 46 different “identical-pairs” aligned in the
middle. When they separate, they form two identical nuclei, so the two daughter cells are
10. __________________
11. Cells without a nucleus, such as [bacteria], divide (or reproduce) by [fission].
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Level I Science Grid Questions
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12. [Budding] is the process by which a bud grows from the body of the parent cell and later breaks off to form
a new organism.
13. [Fission] is the process in which a single-celled parent copies the genetic material in its cytoplasm (so it
will have [two] identical copies) and then splits in two cells.
14. [Regeneration] is the process by which some organisms can [grow a new body part] to replace a lost or
damaged part. e.g. a lizard grows a new tail to replace one that breaks off.
15. Vegetative reproduction in plants is when the parts, like [roots], [stem] and [leaves] give rise to new
plants. (e.g. a small branch of rose, a carrot or an African violet leaf can grow into a whole new plant).
16. A sex cell, called a germ-line cell, can be either a [male] gamete or a [female] gamete.
17. [Fertilization] is the joining of a male gamete and a female gamete to form a single cell called the [zygote].
18. [Meiosis] is a process in which a single parent [sex] cell (called germ-line cell) divides to produce [four]
sex cells called [gametes], each with [half] the number of chromosomes as the [parent] sex cell.
19. The sex chromosomes in humans (Pair number 23) can be a long thin chromosome called an [X]
chromosome or a short thick one called the [Y] chromosome.
20. A [chromosome] is one of several long, thin structures in a cell’s [nucleus] that contain the cell’s genetic
material, DNA.
21. The DNA molecule looks like a long twisted [ladder] that is called a [double helix].
22. The [rungs] of the DNA ladder are made up of paired [bases].
23. A protein is a large [molecule] built up of molecules of [amino] acids linked together.
24. The sequence of [bases] in a DNA strand determines how a particular protein is [built].
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Level I Science Grid Questions
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25. [Genes] are segments of DNA that contain the instructions needed to build a [protein].
26. [Heredity] is the passing of genetic [information] from parent to offspring.
27. A [population] is all the [organisms] of the same [kind] that live in the same place at the same time. E.g.
all the rabbits that live in a forest form a population.
28. A [community] is all the [living] things (plants, animals, microorganisms) found [together] in a certain
area. E.g. all the organisms living together in a forest form a community.
29. A [biotic] factor is any [living] thing in an ecosystem. E.g. A human, tree, bird or bacteria.
30. An [abiotic] factor is any [nonliving] thing in an ecosystem. E.g. sunlight, water, air, soil.
31. All living things contain [carbon], which enters plants from air as [carbon dioxide].
32. The process by which plants make their food is called [photosynthesis] which takes place in the
[chloroplasts].
33. During photosynthesis plants use [sunlight] energy to build [sugar] from carbon dioxide and water, and
give out oxygen gas.
34. The green substance in [chloroplasts] that captures energy from sunlight is [chlorophyll].
35. Equation for photosynthesis:
carbon dioxide + [water] + [sunlight] → [sugar] + [oxygen]
CO2
+ H2O
+ sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2.
36. Cells get the energy they need by burning sugar in a process called cellular [respiration] which takes place
in [mitochondria] inside each cell.
37. Animals give off water vapor when they [exhale] (breathe out).
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38. An [ecosystem] is all the [living] things (plants, animals, microorganisms) and all the [non-living] things
(earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere) found [together] in a certain area. A forest is an example of an
ecosystem.
39. [Transpiration] is the loss of water vapor through the [leaves] of a plant.
40. Animals get nitrogen compounds by [eating] plants or other [animals] that eat [plants].
41. When organisms die and [decompose], nitrogen compounds are [returned] to the soil.
42. Air is 78% [nitrogen], 21 percent [oxygen] and argon 1%. (carbon dioxide is only 4 molecules out of a
million molecules).
43. The population size in a warm forest ecosystem, would be [large]. The population size in an arctic
ecosystem, is likely to be [small]. (very cold)
44. If rainfall decreases, trees [decrease]. Abundant food, water and shelter allow populations to [increase] in
size.
45. When droplets in a cloud become larger they fall onto the Earth as [precipitation], i.e. [rain], [snow],
[hail] or [sleet].
46. Thick forests may [prevent] small plants from growing because they will take up most of the [sunlight]
and very little reaches the small plants.
47. [Decomposers] are small organisms like [maggots] (insects), [fungi] and [bacteria] that eat dead
organisms for energy.
48. [Decomposer] change the [dead] material into simpler material that plants use as nutrients.
49. A [producer], e.g. a plant, is an organism that uses sunlight energy to make [food].
50. Organisms that get their energy by [eating] plants only are called [herbivores].
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51. [Organisms] that eat only animals are called [carnivores].
52. Organisms that eat both [plants] and [animals] are called [omnivores].
53. An animal that eats [dead] plants and animals is called [scavenger] e.g. vultures and cockroaches.
54. The [first] organism in every food chain is called a [producer] (or food).
55. A [food chain] is the flow of energy from a producer like [grass], to a consumer like a [grasshopper], to
another consumer (e.g. a lizard) and ending with a top [predator] like a hawk or a lion.
56. A [food web] shows overlapping [food chains] that show how energy can be transferred along different
paths to [top] predators.
57. Carnivores and omnivores are secondary or [tertiary] [consumers].
58. An [energy pyramid] is a model showing how the available energy at each feeding level (producers,
primary consumers, etc.) in an ecosystem decreases at each level because some is used up by the
organisms.
59. An animal that [hunts] and eats other animals is called a [predator].
60. An animal that is [eaten] by a predator is called a [prey].
61. When a resource (like bushes) becomes [limited], organisms of the same species (e.g. elephants) compete
for it. The elephant that cannot get enough food, dies.
62. When a resource becomes [limited], organisms of the different species compete for it. For example,
humans have eliminated buffaloes from many areas so lions and tigers died away.
63. Sometimes organisms within one [species] (kind) cooperate. A clan (pack) of hyenas cooperate to scare
lions away from the body of a dead buffalo.
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64. Sometimes organisms of [different] species [cooperate]. People and [cattle] cooperate. Cattle provide
people with food and people give cattle protection against predators and offer them food.
65. As [bees] collect nectar from [flowers], their hairy bodies collect pollen and pollinate other flowers.
66. Symbiosis, [mutualism]: both species [benefit], like when bees pollinate flowers and take nectar from
them.
67. The sea anemone protects the [clownfish], which in turn [cleans] it.
68. Symbiosis, [commensalism]: one species [benefits], the other [neither benefits nor is harmed]: some fish
attach themselves to sharks to eat leftovers from the food of the shark.
69. Symbiosis, [parasitism]: the parasitic species [benefits], the host is [harmed]: ticks stick to animal’s body
and suck at their blood.
70. Coyotes or [wild] dogs [cooperate] to catch prey.
71. Birds that build nests in the same branch [compete] for [space].
72. In a food chain a consumer (e.g. birds) can be both [predator] and prey: birds eat insects, falcons eat
[birds].
73. Changes due to human activity: Oil [leaking] from tankers kills fish and sea birds.
74. Changes due to human activity: Humans burn forests to create [farm land], or [build dams], destroying
many habitats.
75. Changes due to non-human activity: [beavers] damming a stream by cutting trees to create [lodges] to
raise their young.
76. Resources that cannot be replaced even within a few thousands of years include fossil [fuels] and [metal]
ores.
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77. Climate changes due to [carbon dioxide] given off into the atmosphere include [global warming] and
rising [sea levels].
78. When all individuals of a species die out, the species becomes [extinct]. The singular of species is
[species].
79. Resources that are quickly replaced include [river water] and [trees].
80. Sudden natural changes include [volcanic eruptions], forest [fires], floods, [avalanches], and [landslides].
81. Environmental damage caused by humans include [sewage] leaking into rivers, tankers leaking [oil] in
oceans and [rubbish] thrown everywhere.
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