‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –١
 K‫א‬–٢
 
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬١ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬–٥
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬٢ J١ J١
، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬EFW‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،٩٧‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٩٧‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE، ،،، ، F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E،،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ISOF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١F
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
١
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٢
 
 ‫א‬
 
٣
‫א‬
 
٤
 
٥
m
Kg
s
A
Length
Meter
Mass
Kilogram
Time
Second
Ampere
 ‫א‬
Ampere
K
‫א‬‫א‬
Kelvin
Kelvin
 E١F
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٢١٠Z‫א‬×‫א‬Z‫א‬W
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
1012
T
 ‫א‬
109
G
 
106
M
 
103
k
 
102
h
 
10
da
 
10-1
d
 
10-2
  c
 
10 -3
  mm
 
10-6
 µ
 
10-9
  n
 
 10-12
p
 
10-15
f
 
10-18
a
 
 E٢F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  Kg • m s 2
 ٢
LK
N
 
 ‫א‬
 K
J
 
 ‫א‬
 L
 W
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 L‫א‬
V

 L
Ohm
  N m2
٢
L
Pa
N•m
J/s
w/A
 
V/A
 
 E٣F
-٧-
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 WE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
ft
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ١

 ٢
lb
 ‫א‬
S
 ‫א‬
 
 ٣
‫א‬
 
 ٤

 
 ٥
A
F°
lbf
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 E٤F
 ٦
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
 ١٠٠Z١
 ١٠Z١
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬١٠٠٠Z‫א‬١
 W‫א‬–
 ٠{٢٣٩Z١
 E٥F
-٨-
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬–
 ٣٠{٤٨Z‫א‬
 ٠{٣٠٤٨Z‫א‬
 ١٢Z‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
 ٢،٢Z‫א‬١
 W‫א‬–
 ٤،٤٥Z١
 W‫א‬–
 ١٠٥٥ZEBTUF‫א‬١
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬٠{٧٤٦Z‫א‬٧٤٦Z١
 E٦F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

9
F ο = C ο + 32
5
W‫א‬‫א‬

5 ο
ο
C = ( F − 32)
9
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K
= C ο + 273.15
 W
  F ο ‫א‬‫א‬
  C ο ‫א‬‫א‬
  K ‫א‬‫א‬
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W
W‫א‬‫א‬KE 25C ο F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K–K–
 
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬

9
F ο = C ο + 32
5
9
 = × 25 + 32
5
= 77C ο
K = 77 + 273
= 350 K
-١٠-
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-١١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬١ J٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E=
 
D
× 100%
T
 W
   EZ‫א‬‫א‬
 TZ ‫א‬‫א‬
D Z‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E°١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E°١١F
11 − 10
× 100 %
10
E = 10 %
 E
-١٣-
=
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
-١٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬٤ J١
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬١ J٤ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
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 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J١
 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
M
 S =
V
 
‫ א‬=S
‫א‬‫א‬=M
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬=V
 
 
 
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