Name : ………….………………………….. (
)
Class : ………………… Date : ……./……./…….
Department of Science
2019 S3 Chemistry EOY Revision - Kinetic Particle Theory, Elements Mixtures and
Compounds, Separation Techniques, Chemical Bonding
1. Kinetic Particle Theory
(a)
Describe the movement and arrangement of particles in the solid, liquid and gaseous states:
Solid: .........................................................................................................................................
Liquid: .......................................................................................................................................
Gas: ...........................................................................................................................................
(b)
The graph below shows the heating curve obtained by heating an unknown substance
Temperature / °C
F
161
D
E
Time / s
0
-51
B
C
A
(i)
Explain any changes in the movement of particles from A to B.
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(ii)
Explain why the temperature remains constant from B to C and D to E.
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(ii)
Deduce if the unknown substance heated was pure. Explain your answer.
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(c)
A drop of ink is added separately to a glass of cold and hot water. State and explain the
expected observations and differences, if any.
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(d)
The following experiment was set up to investigate the movement of gaseous ammonia and
gaseous hydrogen chloride.
Direc7on%of%
movement%of%
ammonia%gas%
Direc7on%of%
movement%of%
hydrogen%chloride%gas%
Co#on%wool%soaked%with%
hydrochloric%acid%
Sealed%glass%tube%
Co#on%wool%soaked%with%
aqueous%ammonia%
Gaseous ammonia and hydrogen chloride react to form a white solid.
(i)
Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurred.
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(ii)
(iii)
Use a cross to indicate the position that the white solid will form in the sealed glass tube.
Explain your answer in (d)(ii).
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2. Elements, Compounds, Mixtures
(a)
State if the following six substances are elements, mixtures or compounds. If the substance
is a mixture, identify if it is a mixture of elements/compounds.
Substance 1:
Substance 2:
This is a _______________________________
This is a _______________________________
Substance 3:
Substance 4:
This is a _______________________________
This is a _______________________________
Substance 5:
Substance 6:
This is a _______________________________
This is a _______________________________
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(b)
Use the following Venn Diagram to organise the similarities and differences that exist between
elements, mixtures and compounds.
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
MIXTURE
3. Separation Techniques
(a)
State the scientific basis of the following separation methods and what type of mixtures they
can be used to separate.
separation
method
scientific basis of separation method
type of mixtures that
method can be used to
separate
(e.g: solid-solid, solidliquid, liquid-liquid etc.)
Distillation
Fractional
Distillation
Paper
chromatography
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Use of a
separating
funnel Use of a
separating
funnel
Filtration +
crystallisation
Filtration +
crystallisation
Filtration +
evaporation to
Filtration +
dryness
evaporation to
dryness
Sublimation
Sublimation
(b)
Paper chromatography was used to determine the purity of a sample. The chromatogram
produced
showed
the presence
of two
A and B.the
A locating
was used.
(b) Paper
chromatography
was
usedspots,
to determine
purity ofagent
a sample.
The chromatogram
produced showed the presence of two spots, A and B. A locating agent was used.
4.0 cm
solvent front
12 cm
B
A
5.4 cm
starting line
(i)
Urine sample
Chromatogram
Calculate the Rf values for A and B.
(i)
Calculate the Rf values for A and B.
(ii)
Explain
why a why
locating
agentagent
was used.
(ii) Explain
a locating
was used.
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5 5
(iii)
Deduce and explain if the sample was pure.
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(c)
(i)
Label all parts of the fractional distillation set-up below and add in any missing apparatus.
(ii)
State the purpose of the following apparatus:
Glass beads in the fractionating column:
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Condenser:
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Thermometer:
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4. Chemical Bonding
(a)
Given the following keywords, complete the Summary table on the next page.
Keywords for describing structure:
•
giant
molecular
structure
•
simple
molecular
structure
•
giant metallic
lattice
structure
•
giant ionic
lattice
structure
Keywords for stating the type of chemical bonding:
•
covalent
bonding
(sharing of
electrons)
•
ionic bonding
(transfer of
electrons)
•
metallic
bonding
Keywords for describing forces of attraction in chemical bonding:
•
strong
electrostatic
forces of
attraction
•
strong covalent
bonds
•
weak van der Waals’ forces of
attraction OR intermolecular
forces of attraction
Keywords for stating types of partlcles involved chemical bonding:
•
metal cations
and sea of
delocalised
electrons
•
molecules
•
atoms
•
oppositely
charged ions
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Summary Table – Structure, bonding and physical properties of matter
ionic compounds
covalent substances
metallic solids
structure
type of bonding
present
type of
particles
involved in
bonding
Example: Calcium nitride
description of
structure and
bonding for
specific
example(s)
Example: Nitrogen
.
Example: Diamond
Example: Calcium
Example: Graphite
physical
properties
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(b)
Complete the following table with the dot-and-cross diagrams for the ionic and simple covalent substances as well as the structure to show metallic
bonding in metallic solids.
ionic compounds
calcium nitride
simple covalent substances
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
metallic solids
calcium
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(c)
The structures of some substances are provided below.
(i)
Identify the structure and type of bonding present in the above substances. Deduce and
explain if they have high or low melting and boiling points.
substance
structure and type of
bonding
high/ low
meling point?
explanation
A
B
C
D
E
F
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(ii)
Which structure(s) can conduct electricity in the solid state? Explain your answer.
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(iii)
Which structure(s) can only conduct electricity in the liquid state? Explain your answer.
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(iv)
Which structure(s) cannot conduct electricity in all states? Explain your answer.
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