UNITED NATIONS
INTRODUCTION:
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain
international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve
international cooperation, and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.It is the
largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful
intergovernmental organization in the world.
HISTOLOGICAL BACKGOUND:
The United Nations was founded in the period immediately following the Second World
War. The swiftness with which the new international organization was established owed
much to a considerable amount of planning and lobbying by private groups particularly
in the United States prior to the end of the war. In addition, and partly as a result of that
pressure, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill and the leaders of the other Allied powers had signed three documents which
proved crucial to a gathering momentum toward the creation of a new international
organization.
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations
Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those
delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of
China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks,
United States in August-October 1944.
The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries.
Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one
of the original 51 Member States.
The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter
had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United
States and by a majority of other signatories.
OBJECTIVES OF UN:
1. To establish international peace and security
2. To take such collective steps which minimize the chance of threatning the world
peace, aggresion to be checked and international dispute be settled according to justice
amd internal law
3. To maintain friendly relations on equality basis by respecting the independence,
sovereignty and autonomy of each other. To refrain from interfering in the internal
matters of each other
4. To promote international co-operation for solving the economic,social,cultural and
other human problems and to respect human rights and basic freedom without
discrimination as to color, language, faith or sex.
5. To play a main role in maintaining uniformity in all actions to achieve planned
objectives
6. This organisation shall ensure that states which are not members of the United
Nations act in accordance with these principles so far as may be necessary for the
maintenance of international peace and security.
MEMBERS OF UN:
Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council
The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the five states
which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.
China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, United States
Non-Permanent Members of the UN Security Council
The General Assembly elects non-permanent members for two-year terms (end dates
of terms).
Estonia (2021)
India (2022)
Ireland (2022)
Kenya (2022)
Mexico (2022)
Niger (2021)
Norway (2022)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2021)
Tunisia (2021)
Viet Nam (2021)
Non-Council Member states
The following states have never been elected to the UN Security Council since 1946.
Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Comoros
Cyprus, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Dominica, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji,
Georgia, Grenada, Haiti, Iceland, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic
Republic, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Malawi, Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique,
Myanmar, Nauru, North Macedonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Republic of Moldova,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Serbia,
Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Switzerland,
Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu
MAIN ORGANS AND INSTITUTIONS OF UN:
The main organs of the UN are:
The General Assembly, The Security Council, The Economic and Social Council, The
Trusteeship Council, The International Court of Justice, and The UN Secretariat.
There are some important institutions of the United Nation
FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization.
•ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization.
•IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development.
•ILO - International Labour Organization.
•IMP - International Monetary Fund.
•IMO - International Maritime Organization.
PAKISTAN AND UN:
Pakistan officially joined the United Nations (UN) on 30 September 1947 just over a
month after it came into existence. Today, it is a charter member and participates in all
of the UN's specialized agencies and organizations. Pakistan has been elected seven
times (tied with Colombia) into the UN Security Council, with the most recent term in
2013.
Seeing as Pakistan attaches great importance to the world body, the UN too maintains
a number of its offices in Islamabad. These are the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), International Labour Organization (ILO) and United Nations World Food
Programme (WFP). WFP also has offices in Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, and
Hyderabad.
The United Nations programmes in Pakistan support national efforts to end poverty,
address socio-economic challenges and achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
Promotion of human rights and equality cuts across all UN programmes. The UN works
closely with the Government, civil society organizations and humanitarian partners on
the ground to help save lives affected by natural disasters, to assist those men, women,
boys and girls displaced, and to equip and empower them to prepare for future
calamities, including support to Afghan refugees. All UN work from relief to recovery and
development is done alongside the people of Pakistan. National organizations, both
governmental and non governmental, implement many UN supported programmes, with
strong ownership of the Pakistani people.
CONCLUSION:
The link between energy, economic development and national security has often made
governments reluctant to address energy in global governance. In the United Nations
(UN) system and beyond, the result has been almost a normative and institutional
vacuum on energy. In the last decade some efforts have been made to fill this vacuum
within the UN but they have faced considerable resistance, and instead initiatives have
multiplied outside it. There must be possible future options for the UN and the
international community at large to address this urgent issue, situates this discussion in
the rationalist and constructivist theories of effective and legitimate global governance
and outlines further research avenues.
REFERENCES:
Security Council Report 711 Third Avenue, Suite 1501 New York, NY 10017
Dhar, S.N. “International Politics and world Politics since 1919”, Asia Publishing House ND,1965.
J.S.BADYAL, “Comparative Political System and International Politics,” Raj Publishers, Jalandher,2012.
Peu, Ghosh, “International Relations”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2009.
John Baylis and Steve Smith, “The Globalisation of World Politics”, OUP, Oxford, 2001
A.L. Bennett (1988), International Organizations: Principles and Issues, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 4th edn., p. 43.