k|:tfljt bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o lghu9 ljdfg:yn
jftfj/0fLo c;/ cWoog k|ltj]bg
Report on Environmental, Social and Economic Impacts of Second
International Nijgadh Airport, Bara
June, 2019
Nepal forum of Environmental Journalists
Bhanimandal, Ring road, Lalitpur
Email: nefej@mos.com.np
1
बिषयसचु ी (Table of Contents)
;+lIfKt zAbx? (Abbreviation) ....................................................................... 4
;f+/fz (Abstract) ........................................................................................ 5
१. kl/ro (Introduction) ..............................................................................6
१.१ k|:tfjsf] k[i7e"ld (Background) .................................................................6
१२ cfof]hgfsf] jt{dfg cj:yf (Current Status of the Project) ....................... 7
१.३ cWoogsf] pb]Zo (Objectives of the study) ............................................. 9
१.४ cWoog ljlw (Study Methods) ................................................................ 9
१.५ cWoogsf] ;Ldf (Limitation of the study) ............................................... 9
२. lghu9 5gf}6sf ;/sf/L cfwf/ (Government bases for Nijgadh Selection) 10
३. ;/sf/n] gh/cGbfh u/]sf] kIf (Sectors Ignored by Government) .............. 11
३.१ jg h+un (Forest ) ................................................................................ 12
३.२ vfg]kfgL÷d'xfg (Drinking Water/ Source ) ............................................ 14
३.३. xfQLsf] dfu{ (Elephants' Route ) .......................................................... 14
३.४ r/fr'?+uL÷cGo aGohGt' (Birds/Other Wildlife ) ....................................... 15
३.५ r'/]df c;/ (Impacts on Chure) ............................................................ 15
2
३.६ af9L 8'jfg (Flooding) ........................................................................... 15
३.७ 6fFluof j:tL Joj:yfkg (Management of Tangia Basti ) ......................... 15
३.८ jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f (Environmental Pollution): ........................................16
३.९ jftfj/0fLo ;]jf (Environmental services): .............................................16
३.१० k|efj ;Daf]wg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt /sd (Estimated Amount To Adress the
impact): .................................................................................................. 17
४ kl/of]hgfdfly k|Zg (Question on Project) ................................................. 17
५. lgis;{ / ;'emfj (Conclusions and Recommendations) .......................... 20
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L (References).......................................................................... 23
cGtjf{tf{x? (Interviews) .............................................................................24
cWoog :ynsf] gS;f ....................................................................................... 25
cWoog :ynsf] kmf]6f]x? .................................................................................... 26
3
;+lIfKt zAbx? (Abbreviation)
ls=ld
lsnf] ld6/
uf=lj=;
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt
g]km]h
g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"x
BOOT
Build Own Operate Transfer
DFS
Detailed feasibility Study
DPR
Detailed Project Report
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
LMW
Land Mark Worldwide
SIA
Second International Airport
4
;f/f+z(Abstract)
;/sf/n] cl3 ;f/]sf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf] gf/fnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg d'n'ssf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ckl/xfo{
5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] of]hgf t'h{df x'Fb} ubf{ Tof] lbuf] ljsf;sf] Wo]oaf6 k|]l/t x''g'k5{ eGg] xfdL ;f]R5f}+
. ;Gbe{, k|:tfljt bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o lghu9 ljdfg:ynsf] xf] .
olta]nf d'n'sdf Psdfq cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] ljdfg:yn 5 . jflif{s em08} #* nfv ofq' y]Kg] lqe'jg
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn rfk y]Ug g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] jiff}{ eO;Sof] . To;y{df d'n'snfO{ csf]{ 7"nf]
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] cfjZostfaf]w x'g' :jfefljs s'/f xf] . vf;df, cGo b]zsf ljdfg:yn
cfw'lgs k|ljlw, gof‘ ;+/rgfx¿ d}qL x'Fb} ubf{ xfdLnfO{ klg csf]{ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] ljdfg:yn l5§}
rflxPsf] 5 . t/ o;sf] cy{ s] s'g} cWoogglag} xr'jfsf] e/df xfdLn] olt 7"nf] kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{
;S5f}+< To;sf nfexfgL gx]/L, To;sf j:t'ut cWoog ljZn]if0f gu/L kl/of]hgf lgdf{0fdf xfdkmfNg'
slt a'l4dfgL xf] < clxn] ;/sf/n] bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f sfo{ o:t} xr'jfsf] e/df cl3
a9fO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df of] cWoog cfjZos k/]sf] xf] .
;/sf/n] lghu9df bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn agfpFb} ubf{ o;sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo
kIfx¿nfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{ kfpFb}g, ldNb}g . ljdfg:yn aGg'x'Fb}g eGg] cfu|x s;}n] kfNg' x'Fb}g . xfd|f]
klg To:tf] cfu|x xf]Og . t/ h}ljs ljljwtf / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ljgfzn] dfgjLo hLjg klg k|efljt
eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df xfdLn] k|fs[lts ;|f]t gf;]/ ljsf; ubf{ ;orf]l6 ;f]Rg'k5{ . lghu9df ljdfg:yn
aGbf o;sf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo c;/ s] x'g;S5g\ < ltgnfO{ s] s;/L Go"gLs/0f ug{
;lsG5, sdeGbf sd Ifltdf kl/of]hgf agfpg] pkfo s] x'g\ < o:tf ljifo a]jf:tf u/]/ ljdfg:yn
k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg' a'l4dfgL xf]Og .
o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"x-g]km]h_n] o;sf] jftfj/0fLo kIfdf x'g;Sg] c;/ /
gf]S;fgLaf/] cWoog u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfb]lv lj1x¿;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{, cGtlqm{of tyf j:t'ut
cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df of] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . s'g} klg kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ub}{ ubf{
To;sf] lj:t[t cWoog x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . lj:t[t cWoogkl5 jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg cWoog ug{'kg]{
jftfj/0f sfg'gdf Joj:yf 5 . ;/sf/n] lj:t[t cWooglag} jftfj/0fLo k|efj d" Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg
:jLs[t u/]kl5 of] kl/of]hgfdfly cg]s k|Zg / z+sf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon]
5
:jLs[t ul/;s]sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;f9] @$ nfv ?v sf6\g'kg]{ pNn]v u/]kl5 t emg\ bf];|f] 7"nf] ljdfg:yn
agfpg] kl/of]hgf k5fl8sf] lgot s] xf]nf < eGg] z+sfx¿ plAhPsf x'g\ . z+sf / lgotx¿sf] lg?k0f
gu/L kl/of]hgf cl3 a9fpg' plrt xf]Og . of] cWoog klg ;/sf/nfO{ xtf/ / xr'jfdf ul/Psf q'l6x¿
;Rofpg ;xof]u ldnf];\ eGg] p2]Zoaf6 k|]l/t 5 .
१. kl/ro (Introduction)
१.१ k|:tfjsf] k[i7e"ld (Background)
lgdf{0ffwLg bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o lghu9 ljdfg:yn (SIA) sf] k[i7e"ld em08} ;f9] b'O{ bzs k'/fgf] xf] .
d'n'ssf] Psdfq cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn ;fF3'/f] dx;'; ePkl5 ;g\ !(%% -lj=;=@)%!_ tTsfnLg
;/sf/n] NEPECON/IRAD sDkgLnfO{ cWoog;lxt ljsNk vf]Hg lhDd]jf/L lbof] . pQm sDkgLn]
g]kfnsf ljleGg cf7 :yfg lj/f6gu/, hgsk'/, e/tk'/, lghu9, g]kfnu~h, wgu9L, ;'v]{t / e} /xjfsf]
:ynut k|fljlws cWoog u¥of] .
sDkgLn] tL ;a} 7fpFsf] xjfO{ p88\ogsf b[li6n] k|fljlws cWoog ul/;s]kl5 ;a}eGbf pko'Qm lghu9
x'g] lgisif{ lgsfNb} ;/sf/nfO{ bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu l;kmfl/; u¥of] .
l;kmfl/;sf] !# jif{kl5 @)^$ ;fn k'; !* ut] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn;DaGwL of]hgfnfO{ ;"rLs[t u¥of] . lghL If]qsf] nufgL (BOOT MODEL) df cfwfl/t
eP/ lgdf{0f ug{ pQm cfof]hgf ;"rLs[t ePsf] lyof] . ;"rLs[t ePsf] Ps jif{kl5 @)^% k'; @ ut]sf]
dlGqkl/ifb\n] Land Mark Worldwide (LMW) ;Fu cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug{]
;Demf}tf u¥of] . dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;+:s[lt,ko{6g tyf gful/s p88\og dGqfno / LMW
aLr ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . @)^^ kmfu'g @# -& dfr{, @)!)_ df ko{6g dGqfno / LMW aLr
Detailed Feasibility Study (DFS) ug]{ ;Demf}tf eof] . @)^* ;fpg !& -@ cu:6, @)!!_ df
LMW cWoog ;s]/ dGqfnonfO{ DFS k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] lyof] . -;|f]t M cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw
;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, @)&^, k[i7 $*_
6
१.२ cfof]hgfsf] jt{dfg cj:yf(Current status of the Project)
sf]l/og sDkgLLMW n] u/]sf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog dGqfnod} st} ylGsPsf] 5 . ;/sf/;Fu
clxn] d]3f k|f]h]S6 elgPsf] lghu9 bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] lj:t[t of]hgf;lxtsf]
k|ltj]bg 5}g . ;/sf/n] @)&% h]7 ( ut] :jLs[t u/]sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg (EIA)
g}olta]nf k|fKt x'g] d'Vo …8s'd]G6Ú xf] .
k|:tfljt bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn af/f lhNnfdf k5{ . lghu9 ljdfg:yn gfds/0f ul/Pklg
lgdf{0ffwLg If]q sf]NjL gu/kflnsf / lhtk'/–l;d/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfleq k5{ .
;/sf/n] ljdfg:yn If]q egL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] If]qkmn *)$%=&( x]S6/ -*) ju{ lsld_ 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
@)&! kmfu'g @( ut]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn] pQm If]qnfO{ rf/ lsNnf tf]Sg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
dlGqkl/ifb\s} lg0f{oadf]lhd pQm rf/ lsNnfaf/] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu @)&! r}t #) sf]
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/of] .
h;cg';f/, k|:tfljt ljdfg:ynsf] If]qkmn o;k|sf/ 5 .
k"j{ M k"j{klZrd -dx]Gb|_ /fhdfu{sf] nfnas}of gbLsf] k'naf6 gbL x'Fb} * lsld blIf0f gbLsf] l;dfgf
;kxL uflj; .
klZrd M k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{sf] k;fxf vf]nsf] k'naf6 vf]nf x'Fb} ^ lsld blIf0f vf]nfsf] l;dfgf x/}of
ulj; .
pQ/ M k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{sf] k;fxf vf]nfb]lv as}of gbL;Dd .
blIf0f Mk;fxf vf]nfsf] x/}of uflj;sf] h}Otfk'/faf6 ;Lwf k"j{tkm{ s/}of uflj;, ss8L uflj;, u9LdfO{
gu/kflnsf -;fljssf] 8'd/jfgf uflj;_ x'Fb} ;kxL uflj;sf] as}of gbLsf] lsgf/;Dd .
-;|f]t M /fhkq, #) r}t, @)&!_
k|:tfljt lgdf{0f:yn k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{sf] blIf0f kyn}ofaf6 * b]lv !* lsld k"j{df cjl:yt 5 .
sl/a *) ju{ lsld If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] lgdf{0f:yn ;dnDa (trapezoidal) cfsf/df /x]sf] 5 . h'g
7
k"j{df nfnjs}of gbL / klZrddf k;fxf vf]nf aLrsf] l;dfgfdf cjl:yt 5 . -;|f]t M jftfj/0fLo
d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg, @)&%_
ljdfg:yn If]qsf rf/ lsNnfdf clxn] tf/af/ nufpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . ;Fu} d'cAhf ljt/0f k|lqmof
klg cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . s'n If]qkmndWo] ! ;o !) lj3f lghL hUuf ljdfg:yn If]qdf k5{ . pQm
hUufsf] d'cJhf lbg] k|lqmof cl3 al9;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] o:tf cfof]hgfsf nflu lghL hUuf clwu|x0f
ubf{ hUuf k|flKt P]g @)#$ cg';f/ u5{ . pQm P]g c'g;f/, @)&# r}t !$ ut] ul/Psf] d'cfAhf
lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/df xfn;Dd %% la3f !@ s7\7f hUufsf] d'cJhf ljt/0f eO;s]sf] 5 / c? k|lqmofdf
a9]sf] 5 . -;|f]t M cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, @)&^, k[i7 $(_
cfof]hg cl3 a9fpg ko{6gdGqL ;+of]hs /xg] gf} ;b:oLo pRr:t/Lo ;xhLs/0f ;ldlt / ko{6g
;lrj ;+of]hs /x]sf] P3f/ ;b:oLo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 eg] l;d/fdf lghu9
ljdfg:yn cfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] O{cfO{P k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/, ljdfg:yn b'O{ r/0fdf ljsf; ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf]
5 . Ps, cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p88\og k|flwss/0f -cfO{sfcf]_ sf] dfkb08cg';f/sf] wfjgdfu{, 6\ofS;L
j], 6ld{gn Pk|f]gnufot cfjZos kf/jxg tyf ;~rf/ ;'ljwf;lxtsf] ljdfg:yn . hxfF Go"gtd #=^
lsld nfdf] b'O{j6f /gj], ofq' 6ld{gn, sfuf]{ 6ld{gn, kmfO6kmfol/ª :6];g, ljdfg:yn, ljdfg dd{t
s]Gb|, OlGhg /g ck Kof8, GSE e08f/0f / dd{t s]Gb|, sf/ kfls{ª, kfj/ KnfG6, Po/ lkmN8
;lArRo";r, lxl6ª / s'lnª KnfG6, klDkª :6];g, OGwg eg]{ ;'ljwf;lxtsf] ljdfg:yn x'g]5 . h;n]
jflif{s ^ s/f]8 ofq' y]Ug]5 .
cfw'lgs oftfoft, Jojl:yt 9n;lxtsf] ;'ljwf;DkGg :df6{ Po/kf]6{ l;6L ljsf; bf];|f] r/0fdf ul/g]
klg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/, ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu @$ nfv ^) xhf/ * ;o
@! ?v sf6\g' ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
ljdfg:ynsf] ef}lts ;+/rgfsf nflu em08} !( ;o x]S6/ hldg cfjZos k5{ / eljiodf
cfjZostfcg';f/ lj:tf/ ug{ * xhf/ $( x]S6/ lnOPsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
8
१.३ cWoogsf] p2]Zo (Objective of the study)
 k|:tfljt ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f cfof]hgfn] To; If]qdf kfg{;Sg] h}ljs / jftfj/0fLo c;/af/] cWoog ug]{.
 jftfj/0fLo, h}ljs, ;fdflhs c;/x¿ klxNofpg] ;Gbe{df ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] jftfj/0f d"Nofª\sg
k|ltj]bg(EIA)sf] ;dLIff ug]{, q'l6÷sdhf]/L s]nfpg] .
 To;qmddf jftfj/0f;Fu ;fGble{s P]g, lgodx¿ s] slt k5\ofOPsf] 5 <ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
 s] (EIA) k|ltj]bgn] eg]h:t} ;f9] @$ nfv ?v sf6\g' h?/L 5 < n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
 ljdfg:yn;Fu} hf]8]/ :df6{ l;6L agfpg] k|:tfj /fVg' k5fl8sf] :jfy{ vf]tNg] .
 jGoh:t', r/fr'?ª\uLnfO{ kg]{ c;/af/] cWoog ug]{ .
१.४ cWoog ljlw (Study Methods)
 cWoog ;fdu|Lx¿ h:tf], (EIA) k|ltj]bg, ;+3Lo ;+;b\ cGt/f{li6«o ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgnufot lghu9
ljdfg:yn;Fu ;Gble{s kf7\o ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cWoog .
 kqklqsf, cgnfOgdf k|sflzt n]v/rgf, cGtjf{tf{, ;dfrf/sf] cWoog
 ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx¿, jg÷jftfj/0f;Fu hf]l8Psf ;/sf/L clwsf/L, :yfgLo hgk|ltlglw, /fhgLlts
bn, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL÷cGtlqm{of .
 jg, jftfj/0f / h}ljs c;/af/] cWoog cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf lj1x¿;Fu cGtjf{tf{.
 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f If]qsf] :ynut cWoogsf ;fy} cfof]hgfaf6 nfe÷xfgL x'g] :yfgLo
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu cGtlqm{of .
१.५ cWoogsf] ;Ldf (Limitation of the study)
 cWoog÷ljZn]if0f j:t'lgi7 tYodf cfwfl/t x'g]5 .
 cWoog jftfj/0fLo / h}ljs ;+/If0fsf] sf]0f s]lGb|t /xg]5 .
 cWoog d]3f kl/of]hgfx¿ h}ljs÷jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ gh/cGbfh ul/g' x'Gg eGg] dg;foaf6 k|]l/t
/xg]5 .
9
२. lghu9 5gf}6sf ;/sf/L cfwf/(Government bases for Nijgadh Selection)
;/sf/n] lghu9 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{ cg]s sf/0f cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . h:tf], ko{6g
ljsf;, lj:tf/ / Jofkf/sf] ljljwLs/0fsf nflu of] ljdfg:yn dxTjk"0f{ x'g]5 . ;+;f/sf] h'gs'g}
s'gf;Dd xjfO{ oftfoft hf]8\g], g]kfndfq} xf]Og, ef/tsf ljxf/, o"kL;Ddsf ofq'n] klg of]
ljdfg:ynaf6 nfe lng;Sg]5g\ . cflb cflb . ;/sf/n] cWoog u/]sf] cf7 :yfgdWo] lghu9 /f]Hg'sf
s]xL sf/0f a'‘bfut ?kdf o;k|sf/ 5g\ . -;|f]t M lghu9 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu ko{6g dGqfnon]
hf/L u/]sf] Zj]qkq_
s'g} klg k|:tfj -cfof]hgf_ sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg ubf{ k|:tfjsf d'Vo lqmofsnfk -sfo{_
x¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L x'g} k5{ . tL sfo{x¿ sfof{Gjog ubf{ ltgaf6 jftfj/0fLo ;|f]tdf s] s:tf] /
slt cg's"n jf k|lts"n k|efj k5{ eGg] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ xf] . ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ubf{ /g–j] sxfF, slt
nfdf] / rf}8f x'G5, cGo s] s:tf ejg jf ;+/rgfx¿ sxfF aG5g\, s] s:tf pks/0fx¿sf] k|of]uaf6
w'jfF, w'nf] jf Wjlg s] slt lg:sG5, kmf]xf]/ kbfy{ s] slt lg:sG5 / s;/L, sxfF Joj:yfkg ug]{ xf]<
cflb af/]df hfgsf/L x'g} k5{ . o;}u/L tL lgdf{0f x'g] :ynsf] e"ld, hn jf e" –pkof]u s] s:tf] 5 ;f]
af/]df cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L x'g'k5{ .
k|:tfljt bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lghu9df lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng x'g] ePsfn] k|of]udf cfpg] jg
hª\un xf] . s]xL hldgdf a;f]af; ePsf] 5 / 6f+luof v]tL k|0ffnL ckgfOPsf] 5 . t/ dfly pNn]v
ePcg';f/ ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ubf{ agfOg] ;+/rgf jf k"jf{wf/ s] s:tf] e"–pkof]u ePsf] hldgdf aGb5
eGg]af/]df hfgsf/L gx'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg a;f]af; If]q
/ jg hª\unsf] dfq} xf] eGg'kg]{ l:ylt /x\of] . k|fljlws ?kdf of] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ljdfg:ynsf] jftfj/0fLo
k|efj d"Nofª\sg eGg g;lsg] wf/0ff klg cfof]] . oBlk pQm k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f /
;~rfng ubf{ ;[hgf x'g] /f]huf/L, cy{tGqdf x'g] j[l4, k|fljlws bIftfdf j[l4 tyf 1fg / cg'ej a9fjf
Pjd\ xjfO{ oftfoftaf6 ;[hgf x'g] ax';ª\Vos lqmofsnfkx¿ cg's"n k|efj x'g\ g} . o;}u/L
ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;~rfngaf6 ;[hgf x'g] s]xL lgDg k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ klg gh/ cGbfh ug{
ldNb}g .
10
Psdfq lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynn] jt{dfg cj:yfdf xjfO{ rfk y]Ug ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . s]xL
:t/f]Ggltsf] sfd ePklg of] ljdfg:ynsf] ;dosf] cfjZostfcg'?ksf] lj:tf/ ug]{ cj:yf 5}g .
ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, hldgsf] ;Lldttf cflbn] Tof] lbFb}g . To;sf/0f s]xL bzsotf bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:ynsf] cfjZostf af]w x'Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . To;}sf] s8L xf], lghu9 ljdfg:yn .
 lqe'jg ljdfg:yndf csf]{ /gj] yKg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . xjfO{ p8\8ogsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'Fb} hfFbf
o;sf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ clt h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt :yn *) ju{ lsld If]qkmn ePsfn] cfw'lgs
ljdfg:ynsf nflu cfjZos ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5.
 bf];|f] ljdfg:yn aGb} ubf{ Tof] sf7df8f}+nfO{ kfos kg]{ agfOg' clt h?/L 5 . To;sf/0f lghu9 g}
Jofks ;Defjgf af]s]sf] bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn aGg;S5 .
 Po/ ?6sf lx;fan] klg pko'Qm 5 . k"j{ klZrd x'g] u/L Po/ ?6 k|:tfljt 5 .
 p8fg / cjt/0fdf lh/f] lelhljln6L x'Fbf klg ;xh / ;'/lIft p8fg / cjt/0f x'g] :yn lghu9dfq}
x'g;S5 . k|fljlws b[li6n] klg ;a}eGbf pko'Qm ePsfn] .
 jftfj/0fLo ljgf; / ;+/If0fsf b[li6n] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5, lghu9df .
 3gfa:tL j/k/ gePsfn] eljiodf of]hgfa4 zx/ ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] .
 ef/tLo ;Ldfaf6 @# lsld b"/Ldf /x]sf] of] :yndf p8fg / cjt/0fsf nflu km/flsnf] …Po/ :k];Ú 5,
To;}n] .
३.
;/sf/n] gh/cGbfh u/]sf] kIf(Sectors Ignored by Government)
lghu9 5gf]6sf y'k|} cfwf/ k]z u/]sf] ;/sf/n] o;af6 kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds kIfnfO{ rflxF k"/}
gh/cGbfh u/]sf] 5 . jg / jftfj/0f;Fu hf]l8Psf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ kIfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ cl3 a9\bf Tof]
lbuf] ljsf; kl/of]hgf x'g;Sb}g . To;sf/0f tL c;/af/] clxn] g} ax; ljdz{ u/L To:tf c;/
Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfo vf]lhg'k5{ .
11
३.१ jg h+un (Forest)
k|b]z @ df kg]{ k|:tfljt lghu9 ljdfg:yn af/f lhNnfsf] rf/sf];] emf8Ldf k5{ . of] jg If]q lrtjg
/fli6«o lgs'~h / k;f{ /fli6«o lgs'~h;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
EIA k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/, of] jgIf]qsf] * xhf/ $( x]S6/ hldg kmF8fgL u/]/ ljdfg:yn agfpg]
of]hgf 5 . jg If]qsf] gd'gf ;e]{If0f u/L tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgn] ;f9] @$ nfv ?v sf6\g k|:tfj
u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ?v sf6\g] k|lqmof cl3 a9fPklg jftfj/0f clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] lj/f]wsf sf/0f ?v
sf6\g] lg0f{o :ylut ul/Psf] 5 . oBlk s'g} klg a]nf ?v sf6g\ ;'? x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5 . jftfj/0fLo
k|efj d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ubf{ gf]S;fg x'g] jg k}bfjf/ /fhZjsf] cfwf/df ?=
%( s/f]8 / ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df !% ca{ hlt b]lvG5 .
Tolt 7"nf] dfqfdf ?v sf6\g] lg0f{o ug{] ;/sf/;Fu To;sf] ljsNk s] ug]{ eGg] k|:6 of]hgf 5}g .
slt;Dd eg], em08} cf7 xhf/ x]S6/ hUufdWo] slt jg, slt a:tL, klxnf] r/0fdf sxfF s] slt sf6\g],
To;kl5sf r/0fx¿df s] x'G5, To;sf] k|:6 of]hgf 5}g . sf]l/og sDkgL Nof08dfs{n] !# ;o x]S6/
hldg eP ljdfg:yn agfpg k'Ug] eg]sf] 5.
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f:ynsf] w]/} efu rf/sf];] emf8LdWo]sf] d'Vo efu xf] . ;fnsf] 3gf h+un 5, oxfF .
Pp6f cWoogcg';f/, oxfF % nfv *% xhf/ 7"nf ?v, !* nfv ^$ xhf/ kf]n cfsf/sf ?v 5g\ .
o;af6 lg:sg] sf7 bfp/fsf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ cWoog ;dosf] ahf/ d"Nodf ?= %(^ ca{ x'g] cfª\sng
ul/Psf] 5 . em08} b'O{ nfv l5lKkPsf ;fnsf ?v / $ nfv ;fnsf kf]n /x]sf 5g\ . !&÷!^ lkm6
uf]nfO{ / !#)÷!#% lkm6 cUnf eLd ;v'jfh:tf ljzfn ?v klg oxfF e]l6G5g\ . % ;o jif{ k'/fgf oL
?v xfdf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfg x'g\ . logsf] ;+/If0f ckl/xfo{ 5 .
-k|e' a'9fyf]sL, k"j{ ;b:o /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u . gful/s b}lgs, # d+l;/, )&%_
EIA k|ltj]bgn] Ps ?v sf6]afkt @% ?v nufpg] eg]sf] 5 . t/ Tof] ?v sxfF /f]Kg], @$ nfv ?vsf]
Ifltk"lt{sf nflu ^ s/f]8 /f]Kg'k5{ . o;sf nflu @! ca{ %) s/f]8 ?k}ofF nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5
.jftfj/0fljb\ e"if0f t'nfwf/ eG5g\, …^ s/f]8 ?v sxfF /f]Kg] xf] < Pp6f ?v x'sf{pg !) jif{ nfU5 .
12
o;af/] of]hgf s]xL 5}g . ljutdf ;/sf/n] l/ª/f]8df !@ ;o ?v sf6\of], To;sf] k"lt{ ug{ /f]K5' eg]/
v} /f]k]sf] <Ú
jglj1 ;'/h >]i7sf ljrf/df ;/sf/n] jg s6fg / j[If/f]k0fsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6n] ljdfg:yns}
blIf0fkl§ /x]sf] cfjfbL hUuf vl/b ug{ ;lsG5 . …ljdfg:yn aGg'k5{ t/ z"Go jg s6fgLsf] ljsNkdf
hfg ;lsG5 . jg s6fgL / j[If/f]k0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] ;f9] @! ca{ ?k}ofF 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . To;nfO{
cfjZos cfjfbL hUuf lsGg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5,Ú >]i7 eG5g\ .
ljdfg:yn cfof]hgf k|d'v cf]d zdf{ klg sdeGbf sd jftfj/0fLo Iflt u/]/ ljdfg:yn agfpg'kg]{df
hf]8 lbG5g\ . pgn] EIA k|ltj]bgn] eg]h;/L ;f9] @$ nfv ?v sf6\g gkg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . pgn]
em08} cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] !@ jif{df b'O{ nfv &) xhf/ hlt ?v sf6\g'kg]{ bfaL u/] . …cfof]hgf k|d'vsf]
x}l;otn] d]/f] oxfF em08} Ps jif{ laTb}5 . of] cjlwdf d]/f] cWoogn] eG5, ^) xhf/ hlt ;fn ?v,
afFsL a'6\ofg, s'sf7x¿ sf6]/ ljdfg:yn agfpg ;lsG5 . To;dWo] klg klxnf] r/0fdf klxnf]
wfjgdfu{ agfpFbf t ;fnsf ?v bz xhf/dfq} sf6] k'U5,Ú pgL eG5g\, …tL bz xhf/ ?v klg t'?Gt
nufOxfNg] xf] eg] % jif{df lgs} 7"nf eO;S5g\ . jflif{s @@ ca{sf] ah]6 eP k'U5 . klxnf] r/0fsf
nflu ! va{ !) ca{ ?k}ofF cg'dfltg nfut lgsfn]sf] 5' . d}n] d]/f] cWoogsf] lgisif{;lxtsf] ljsNk
;/sf;dIf k]z ul/;s]sf] 5' . o;f] ePdf clxn] p7]sf sltko uDeL/ jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofsf d'2f klg
;dfwfg x'G5g\ . ljdfg:yn klg aG5 .Ú
;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ;ldltsf] :ynut k|ltj]bgn] klg Toltw]/} ?v sf6\g cfjZos
gePsf] pNn]v 5 . pQm ;ldltsf ;b:o Pj+ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn eG5g\, ljdfg:ynnfO{
rflxg]eGbf a9L jg sfl6g' x'Gg . ljdfg:yn If]qdf :df6{ l;6L rflxGg . sdeGbf sd jg ljgf;df
ljdfg:yn agfpg] xf] .Ú
-;|f]t Mdfwj g]kfn, s'/fsfgLdf cfwfl/t, c;f/ klxnf] ;ftf ._
13
३.२ vfg]kfgL÷d'xfg (Drinking Water/ Source )
?v, h+un s6fgaf6 ;Lwf c;/ vfg]kfgLdf k5{ . p;} klg t/fO{df kl5Nnf lbgx¿df vfg]kfgL ;+s6
r'lnP/ uPsf] 5 . e"ldut kfgL rfh{ 36]/ hldgd'lgsf] 7"nf] kfgLsf] e08f/ a;]{lg ;tx 36\b}5 . h;n]
ubf{ kfgLsf] axfj Iflt x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
-;|f]t Mbf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn jg ;/f]sf/ ;ldlt, ;'emfjx¿_
hldgd'lgsf] kfgL l/lQFb} hfFbf / oqf] 7"nf] :s]ndf h+un ljgf; x'Fbf To;n] vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO cflbdf
;Lwf c;/ u5{ . ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f:yndf /x]sf vfg]kfgL d'xfg ;'Sg], k|efljt x'g] x'Fbf o;n] :yfgLo
vfg]kfgL ;d:of a9\g]5 . lgdf{0f:yn If]q gbLgfnf, e"ldut kfgL rfh{ x'g] 7"nf] ;|f]t xf] .
cfof]hgf k|d'v cf]d zdf{rflxF ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{ d'xfg hf]ufP/ ug]{ ePsfn] kfgLsf] ;d:of gx'g]
bfaL u5{g\ . …() k|ltzt d'xfg lgdf{0f:ynaf6 aflx/ /x]sfn] kfgLsf] xsdf sd Iflt x'G5 . ;'Vvf
df};dsf nflu l/he{jfo/ agfP/ ljt/0f ug{ ;lsG5,Ú pgL atfpF5g\ .
३.३ xfQLsf] dfu{ (Elephant's Route)
k;f{ /fli6«o lgs'~h hf]l8Psf] of] ljdfg:yn If]q xfQL lx+8\g] sf]l/8/ -h}ljs dfu{_ klg k5{ . xfQLsf]
cfkm\g} af6f] x'G5 . af3, xfQLh:tf hgfj/ oxfF lgoldt ljr/0f u5{g\ . xfQLx¿ ljz]if u/]/ ^÷^
dlxgfdf lx+l8/xg] sf]l/8/ oxL k5{ . ef/tb]lv cfpg] xfQLx¿ /f}tx6b]lv gf/fo0f3f6;Dd k'U5g\ . Tof]
sf]l/8/ dfl;Fbf To;sf] ;Lwf c;/ xfQL lx+8\g] af6f]df k5{ . xfQL lgoldt lx+8\g af6f] cj/f]w x'Fbfsf]
kl/0ffd xfQL / dflg; åGåsf sof}+ glh/ xfdLn] k"j{klZrd h}ljs dfu{df b]v]sf 5f}+ .
k;f{ lgs'~hsf jf8]{g cld/ dxh{g eG5g\, …xfQLsf] cfgLafgL Joxf]/f x]bf{ p;sf] af6f]df h] cfpF5,
To;nfO{ lauf/]/ lx+8\g] u5{ . To;sf/0f blIf0flt/ @÷# lsld l:6«ksf] 7fpF 5f]l8of] eg] xfQLnfO{
cfjthfjt ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . olb nfnas}ofdf klg l:6«k agfpg ;lsof] eg] of] csf]{ ljsNk x'g ;S5
.Ú cfof]hgf k|d'v cf]d zdf{ eG5g\, …ljdfg:ynglhs} hgfj/sf] kfgLsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu gx/ lgdf{0f
ul/G5 . logLx¿sf] cfjthfjtsf nflu ;ft ;o ld6/ 6f9f ljsNksf] 7fpF agfpg'k5{ .Ú
14
३.४ r/fr'?+uL÷cGo jGohGt' (Birds/Other Wildlife )
of] h+undf % ;o k|hfltsf r/fr'?ªuL a;f]af; u5{g\ . xfQL, af3, 7"nf] wg];, clh+u/, ;fns, ;f/;,
xfogf, k'8\s] aFb]n cflb @@ hftsf nf]kf]Gd'v jGo hGt' oxfF kfOG5g\ . o;} cfof]hgf If]q k;f{ /fli6«o
lgs'~h;Fu} hf]l8Psf] 5 . To;sf/0f oL hgfj/x¿sf] ;+/If0f / logsf] cfjthfjtsf] ;'lglZrttf
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f Pp6f 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] . jGohGt' / r/fr'?ª\uLnfO{ kg]{ c;/ gh/cGbfh ug{ ldNb}g .
३.५ r'/]df c;/ (Impacts on Chure)
kl/of]hgf If]qdf b'O{j6f ;fem]bf/L / ;fd'bflos jg 5g\ . Ps, tfdfu9L ;fem]bf/L jg / b'O{, ;xhgfy .
oL b'j} ;fem]bf/L jgdf cfl>t em08} tLg nfv :yfgLo afl;Gbf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] b'j} jgnfO{ gofF If]q
k|bfg ug]{ eg]klg To;af/] s]xL k|:6 kf/]sf] 5}g . oL jg ljdfg:yn If]qdf kbf{ To;df cfl>t
:yfgLosf] sf7bfp/f, 3fF;kft k|fKt ug]{ ;|f]t k|efljt x'G5 . hLljsf]kfh{gsf] Pp6f dfWod k|efljt
ePkl5 :Jffefljs ?kdf of] ;d'bfo r'/] bf]xglt/} cfslif{t x'g]5 . h;n] cGttM r'/]df yk c;/ ug]{5 .
३.६ af9L 8'jfg (Flooding)
…jiff{ofddf nfnas}of / k;fxf gbLx¿sf] hnfwf/ If]q * ;o ^* lsld 5 . jflif{s !% ;o ldld
kfgLsf] %) k|ltztn] ^% s/f]8 3gld6/ kfgL x'G5 . Ps s/f]8 3gld6/ kfgL Ps}k6s e]n ag]/ cfpFbf
@ lsld nfdf], @ lsld rfSnf] / * lkm6 ulx/f] 8'jfg x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf k"j{df nfnas}ofn] uf}/f
ahf/ / k;fxfn] klZrd u9LdfO{, sn}of 8'jfgdf kf5{ . o;sf] k|efjn] jL/u~h;d]t hndUg x'g]5 .Ú
-;|f]t Mbf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, jg ;/f]sf/ ;ldlt_
ljdfg:yn cfof]hgf If]qsf] blIf0f efudf cfof]hgf If]qaf6 ^ j6f gfnLaf6 hDdf & j6f l;+rfO
of]hgfx¿ ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . blIf0f efudf sl/a #()) la3f If]qkmndf l;+rfO eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df
of] cfof]hgfn] Tof] klg k|efljt kfg]{5 . To;sf/0f o;sf] ljsNkaf/] klg ljdz{ x'g' cfjZos 5 .
३.७ 6fFluof a:tL Joj:yfkg (Management of Tangia Basti )
of] kl/of]hgf cl3 a9fpg ;a}eGbf klxn] Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ s]xL 5 eg], Tof] 6f‘luof a:tL xf] .
;/sf/n] dl6ofgL, sf73f6sf hUufx¿ clwu|x0f k|lqmof cl3 a9fP klg 6f‘luof a:tLaf/] s]xL lg0f{o
15
u/]sf] 5}g . of] a:tL k"/} k|:tfljt ljdfg:yn If]qdf k5{ . oxfF a;f]af; ul//x]sf :yfgLox¿;Fu hUuf
hldgsf] wgLk'hf{ 5}g .
;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf ;/sf/n] o; If]qdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug{ eg]/ %* kl/jf/nfO{ c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af;
u/fPsf] lyof] . j[Iff/f]k0f;Fu} 6fFluof s[lif k|0ffnL ug{ eg]/ tL ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;/sf/n] g} NofP/
a;f]af; u/fPsf] lyof] t/ ;doqmddf kxf8af6 a;fO{ ;b}{ Tof] If]qdf uP/ a:g] dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof
a9\of] . ToxfFsf] P]nfgL hUufdf a:g]x¿ !$(^ kl/jf/ 5g\ . hg;+Vofsf lx;fan] em08} * xhf/ ePsf]
cg'dfg 5 . hUufsf] wgLk'hf{ gePsf pgLx¿n] ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f x'Fb} ubf{ cfkm"x¿nfO{ kfos kg]{
7fpFdf :yfGt/0f ug'{kg]{nufot hLljsf]kfh{gsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'kg]{ dfu /fv]sf 5g\ .
dltofgL / sf73f6df klg P]nfgL hUufdf a:g]x¿sf] Joj:yfkgsf] d'2f 5 . hf];Fu nfnk'hf{ 5, ltgn]
Ifltk"lt{ kfPsf 5g\ . %* la3f hldg clwu|x0f eO;s]sf] cfof]hgf sfof{non] hgffPsf] 5 . c? klg
k|lqmof cl3 a9]sf] 5 . ljdfg:yn aGb} ubf{ oL a:tLx¿sf] Joj:yfkg csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ d'2f xf] .
३.८ jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f (Environmental Pollution): ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f / ;~rfngsf]
;dodfqm;/ KnfG6sf] ;~rfng tyf w'jfF w'nf] p8\g] h:tf sfo{x¿af6 klg hn / jfo' k|b"if0fsf ;fy}
Wjlgsf] tx pRr x'g] tYonfO{ gsfg{ ;lsFb}g . o;}u/L xjfO{hxfh p8\bf / Nof08 ubf{ cfpg] Wjlgsf]
pRr tx -sl/a !)) 8]l;an_ af6 dflg;nufot 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ / jGohGt'nfO{ lg/Gt/ k|lts"n
k|efj kg]{ s'/f klg gsfg{ ;lsFb}g . ;fwf/0ftof, dflg;sf nflu %)÷%% 8]l;jnsf] cfjfh pko'Qm
x'G5 / /ftsf] ;dodf cem} sd Wjlgsf] dfkb08 klg x'G5 . ljdfgaf6 lg:sg] xl/tu[x Uof;af6
tfkqmd a9\g] s'/f klg l;4 eO;s]sf] 5 .
३.९ jftfj/0fLo ;]jf (Environmental services): jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bgcg';f/
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu jg If]qaf6 ?v la?jf x6fpFbf k|fKt x'g] sf7, kf]n / bfp/fsf] d"No caf}{+
?k}ofF x'G5 g} . o;}u/L ;f] jg If]qaf6 sfj{g ;~ro -:j]s]:6«];g_, clS;hgsf] dfqf, u}x|sfi7 jg
k}bfjf/ / s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu cfjZos k|f+ufl/s kbfy{, gfO6«f]hg, km:km/; / kf]6fl;odnfO{ k|rlnt
d"Nodf kl/0ft ubf{ jflif{s s'n @ va{ #! ca{ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] jftfj/0fLo ;]jf gf]S;fg x'g]5 . xfdLnfO{
afFRgsf nflu geO{ gx'g] clS;hg jfo' ?v la?jfaf6 dfq} kfOG5 . c:ktfndf clS;hgsf]
16
b//]6cg';f/ klg k|f0fjfo' clS;hgsf] cfly{s d"No lgsflnG5 . :jLs[t jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{ s6fg x'g] jg If]qaf6 jflif{s @ va{ #) ca{ ?k}ofF
a/fa/ clS;hg jfo' k|fKt x'G5 .
३.१० k|efj ;Daf]wg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt /sd(Estimated Amount To Adress the
impact):jg If]q k|:tfljt ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ubf{ ;[hgf x'g] k|lts"n jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ 36fpg
/ Ifltk"lt{sf nflu oy]i7 cfly{s nufgL cfjZos kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, k'gjf{;sf nflu ljleGg
df]8n k|:t't ePsf 5g\ / ;f]sf nflu &* s/f]8b]lv ! ca{ #% s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd nfUg] b]lvG5 . jgsf]
gf]S;fgLsf nflu @! ca{ ?k}ofF Ifltk"lt{sf nflu cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L cg's"n jftfj/0fLo
k|efjnfO{ pRrtd\ ug{ / k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"g ug{ yk sl/a !% s/f]8 ?k}ofF nfUg] b]lvG5 .
४. kl/of]hgfdfly k|Zg(Question on Project)
olta]nf lghu9 ljdfg:yn /fli6«o ax; / ljjfbsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . cg'dflgt nfutdf of] ljdfg:yn
aGg] xf] eg] of] d'n'ssf] xfn;Dds} 7"nf] d]3f k|f]h]S6 x'g] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . lgdf{0f k|lqmof a9\b} ubf{
s]xL ljifon] o;nfO{ ljjfbsf] 3]/fdf NofOlbPsf] 5 . kl/of]hgf;Fu ;Gble{stf p7]sf s]xL clt
dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg 5g\, h;sf] lg?k0f lgdf{0f k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg'k"j{ vf]Hg' cfjZos 5 .
 s] s'g} kl/of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg DPR lag} cl3 a9\g ;S5 < bf];|f]
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f k|lqmof cl3 a9fO/xFbf ;/sf/;Fu o;sf] DPR (Detail Project
Report) g} 5}g .
;/sf/;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/, sf]l/og sDkgLn] LMW n] Detailed Feasibility Study
(DFS) u/]/ ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfPklg Tof] cWoog g]kfn gful/s p88\og k|flws/0fn] k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf]
5}g . …LMW ;Fu ul/Psf] a'Fbf g !=# cg';f/, DFS ug]{ cjlw;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} t];|f] kIfnfO{
ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug{ glbg] ;fy} pQm k|ltj]bg k]; ePkZrft\LMWn] ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f ug]{
k|:tfj;d]t k]z u/]df, BOOT P]gsf] bkmf ( adf]lhd ;/sf/n] LMW nfO{ g} k|fyfldstf lbg'kg]{
k|fjwfg /x]sf] . ;fy} pQm ;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+ %=! cg';f/, b'j} kIfn] s'g} klg ;"rgf jf sfuhft t];|f]
17
kIfnfO{ lbg'k"j{ bf];|f] kIfsf] cg'dlt cfjZos kg]{ Joj:yf;d]t pNn]v ul/Psfn] xfn;Dd LMW n]
k]z u/]sf] DFS k|ltj]bg g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn] k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] .Ú
-;|f]t M lghu9 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu ko{6g dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] Zj]qkq_
 s] O{cfO{P k|ltj]bg cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ :jLs[t ePsf] xf] < ;/sf/n] kfl/t u/]sf] O{cfO{P
k|ltj]bg q'l6k"0f{ 5 .:jo+ ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ;ldltn] pQm O{cfO{P k|ltj]bg q'l6k"0f{
ePsf] ;fj{hlgs l6Kk0fL ul/;s]sf] 5 . of] k|ltj]bgdf cGo kl/of]hgfsf tYofÍ / ljj/0f skL k]:6
ul/Psf] 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb}klg jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] xtf/df O{cfO{P k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/]/ o;nfO{
ljjflbt agfPsf] 5 .
-;|f]t
M
…ljdfg;ynsf]
O{cfO{P
q'l6k"0f{Ú
cgnfOgva/,
@)&%,
k';
#
ut]_
/
https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2018/09/20/international-airport-forests/_
jftfj/0fljb\ e"if0f t'nfw/ k|Zg u5{g\, …oqf] 7"nf] k|f]h]S6sf nflu lj:t[t O{cfO{P l/kf]6{ aGg'kg]{ xf] .
clxn] :jLs[t lghu9sf] O{cfO{Pd} ;d:of 5 . Tof] tYodf cfwfl/t / u'0f:t/Lo 5}g . Pp6f
xfO8«f]kfj/sf] l/kf]6{sf] c+z g} Tod;f ldl;Psf] elgG5 .Ú
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL@)%$ sf] cg';"rL $-sfo{;"rL_ adf]lhd
tof/ u/]sf] b]lvFbg} :jLs[t O{cfO{P .
O{cfO{P ug{ klxnf] t kl/of]hgfs]f ;+/rgf lgwf{/0f x'g'k5{ . To;kl5 dfq} pQm ;+/rgfx¿sf]
jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs,cfly{s kIfx¿sf] cWoog ;'? x'G5 . ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn, ;Defljt
k|efjsf] ;"rLs/0f, slt;Dd eg], gf] k|f]h]S6 l;gfl/cf] cflb ;a} ljsNksf] k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo
ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ;/f]sf/jfnf, lj1x¿;Fu 5nkmn clgjfo{ 5 . t/ lghu9 ljdfg:yn
O{cfO{Pn] oL ;a} k|lqmofsf] kfngf u/]sf] 5}g .
…lghu9 ljdfg:ynsf] O{cfO{P agfpFbf k|lqmof g} ldlrof] . clxn]sf] d"n ;d:of oxL xf] . s'g} klg
kl/of]hgf agfpFbf lj:t[t ?kdf kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ePkl5 dfq} jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoog ;'?
ul/g'kg]{ jf sDtLdf kl/of]hgf ;+/rgf :ki6 ls6fg u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . h;sf] cfwf/df O{cfO{P l/kf]6{n]
18
lj:t[t k|efj cWoog u/]/ ljsNksf] klg ljZn]if0f u5{ . To;}n] kl/of]hgf g} tof/ gePsf] cj:yfdf
e"uf]ndfq} x]/]/ O{cfO{P k|ltj]g tYoxLg / xfjfbf/L x'g hfG5 .Ú
-;|f]t M s] ;d:of 5g\, lghu9 ljdfg:ynsf] O{cfO{Pdf < ch'{g 9sfn, ;]tf]kf6L_
 csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg xf], ?v s6fgaf/] . ljdfg:yn agfpg s] ;f9] @$ nfv ?v sf6\g} kg]{ xf] <
;+;bLo ;ldltn] k|:6 zAbdf Toltw]/} ;+Vofdf ?v sf6\g gkg]{ elg;s]sf] 5 . ?v sf6\g] t/ To;sf]
Ifltk"lt{ s;/L ug]{ < oltw]/} ;+Vofdf ?v sf6]kl5 To;sf] bL3{sfnLg c;/ k"lt{ ug{ #* xhf/ x]S6/
hldgdf ^ s/f]8 ?v /f]Kg'k5{ . Tof] hldg 5 xfdL;Fu <
-;|f]t M …ljdfg;ynsf] O{cfO{P q'l6k"0f{Ú cgnfOgva/, @)&%, k'; # ut]_
 s] ljdfg:yn agfpg * xhf/ x]S6/ hUuf rflxG5 < hals b'lgofFsf 7"n7"nf Po/kf]6{x¿ of] eGbf lgs}
sd yf]/} hldgdf ag]sf 5g\ . lbNnLl:yt OlGb/f ufGwL ljdfg:yn @)^^ x]S6/df 5 . Toxf a;]{lg ;f8]
^ s/f]8 ofq'x¿ ofqf u5{g\ . a}+sssf] ;'j0f{e"ld Po/kf]6{ #@$) x]S6/ 5 . ^ s/f]8eGbf a9L ofq' Ps
jif{df y]Ug] l;+ufk'/sf] rfGuL Po/kf]6{ !#)) x]S6/df km}lnPsf] 5 . n08gsf] lxy|f]s} s'/f u/f}+ . o'/f]ks}
Jo:t ljdfg:yn hDdf ! xhf/ @ ;o && x]S6/df km}lnPsf] 5 . o:tf c? y'k|} glh/ 5g\, h;n]
k|:tfljt bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] If]qkmndfly k|Zg p7fpF5 .
 jg df;]/ :df6{ l;6L agfpFbf s;nfO{ nfe < ljdfg:yn gaGb}b]lv e"dflkmofx¿ of] If]qdf ;lqmo
eO;s]sf 5g\ . k|b]z @ df p;}klg ;a}eGbf sd jg 5 . (^^! ju{ lslddWo] $=#^ jg If]q 5 .
…8LkLcf/ g} gu/L ?v sf6\g tlD;Psf 5g\, e"dflkmofx¿ . 8LkLcf/ geO{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] ?v sf6\g
lbFb}gf}+ .
-;|f]t M k|b]z @ sf d'VodGqL nfnafa' /fpt, !@ c;f]h , @)&%, sflGtk'/ b}lgs ._
 ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] agfpg] ls bft[ lgsfo jf ;+:yf vf]Hg] < of] ljdfg:yn agfpg ljleGg ;ft b]zn]
nufgL ug{ OR5's /x]sf] k|:tfj /fv]sf 5g\ . ut jif{ r}tdf ePsf] nufgL ;Dd]ngkl5 ljb]zL /fi6« /
lgsfon] of] kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ug{ OR5f b]vfPsf 5g\ . :jb]zL lj1x¿n] rflxF ljb]zL nufgLdf
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hfg'eGbf klxnf] r/0fsf] ljdfg:yn :jo+ ;/sf/n] g} nufgL ug'{kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . em08} ;ft va{ ?k}ofF
nufgLsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] of] d]3f k|f]h]S6 jflif{s @@ ca{ 5'6\ofP k'Ug] lj1x¿n] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ .
…lklkkLdf uP kmf:6 6«ofs / sf7df8f}+ x]6f}8f ;'?ª dfu{s} lgolt bf]xf]l/g ;S5 . To;sf/0f a'6 tyf
lklklk k|f?kdf hfg' x'Fb}g . of] df]8]ndf hfFbf klg w]/} cfof]hgf ;kmn x'g;s]sf 5}gg\ . oL nufgL
k|f?kdf lgs} ;do vlr{;lsPsf] 5 . Ps t oL k|f?kdf hfFbf sfg'g ;+zf]wg cfjZos k5{ eg]
cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug{ clt g} l9nf] x'G5 .Ú
-;|f]t M;/sf/n] g} lghu9 agfpg ;'emfj, b]phf, jL/]Gb|axfb'/, k"j{ ko{6g ;lrj, gofF klqsf b}lgs,
)&%, df3 @&_
५. lgis;{ / ;'emfj(Conclusions and Recommendations)
 7"nf] cfof]hgf ePsfn]of]aGg x'Fb}g eGg] lgisif{ /x]g of] cWoogsf] . :yfgLo hgtf klg kl/of]hgf agf];\
eGg] rfxgfdf 5g\ t/ kl/of]hgf aGb} ubf{ d'VotM h}ljs ljljwtf / jftfj/0fLo c;/nfO{ clwstd
;+/If0f ug]{ u/L o;sf] lj:t[t cWoog of]hgf aGg'k5{ . cyf{t\ of] :jLs[t ul/Psf] t[l6k"0f{ O{cfO{PnfO{
:ylut ul/g'k5{ . k|fljlws ?kdf of] :jLs[t O{cfO{PnfO{ ljdfg:ynsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg eGg
klg cK7\of/f] k¥of] . To;kl5 ;Sbf] l56f] 8LkLcf/ ;'? ul/g'k5{ . h;n] ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgfx¿sf]
jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljZn]if0f u5{g\ . of] 8LkLcf/n] ljsNksf] cWoog klg u5{ . ljsNkx¿sf]
cWoog;lxt 8LkLcf/ ul/;s]kl5 jg If]q / a;f]af; If]qdf kg]{ jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] d"Nofª\sg
eO;s]sfn] g]kfnsf] ljBdfg sfg'gadf]lhd k"/s O{cfO{P ul/g'k5{ . To;kl5 dfq} kl/of]hgf cl3
a9fpg' plrt x'G5 .
 ;ft va{sf] nufgL x'g;Sg] cg'dfg ePsf] oqf] 7"nf] kl/of]hgfsf] 8LkLcf/ g} gx'g' / ToxL cj:yfdf
?v sf6\g] cflb s'/f cl3 a9\g' plrt x'g} ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f ha;Dd 8LkLcf/ aGb}g, ?v sf6\g] lg0f{o
d'NtaLdf x'g'k5{ . 8LkLcf/;Fu} gofF O{cfO{P u/]kl5 dfq} slt ?v sf6\g] jf gsf6\g] lgSof}{n lg:sg]5 .
 Po/kf]6{ glhs zx/ aGg] s'/f s'g} klg sf]0faf6 pko'Qm x'g;Sb}g . :df6{ l;6Lsf gfddf jg ljgf;
ug]{ lgot plrt xf]Og .
20
 6fFluof a:tL Joj:yfkgsf] ljsNkx¿ s] s] x'g\ < s] Tof] a:tLdf a:g] ;a} ;'s'Daf;L g} x'g\ < ltgsf]
cGoq hUuf hldg ;DklQ 5}g < jf:tljs ;'s'Daf;LnfO{ ;/sf/n] hLljsf]kfh{g, ufF;, af;sf] Joj:yf
ug'{k5{ .
 kl/of]hgfdf ljb]zLsf] d'v tfSg'eGbf :jb]zL nufgLd} cl3 a9fpFbf Ps t of] kl/of]hgf l56f] ;DkGg
x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . cfof]hgf k|d'vn] jflif{s @@ ca{ nufgL ubf{ % jif{df klxnf] r/0fsf] sfd ;Sg]
h'g k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\, To;dfly cfjZos cWoog u/]/ lgisif{df k'Ug' plrt x'G5 .
 clxn] ljdfg:yn If]q eg]/ h'g * xhf/ x]S6/ hldg k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . Tof] cfjZos b]lvFb}g .
c? b]zsf 7"nf ljdfg:yneGbf rf/ kfFr u'0ff 7"nf Po/kf]6{ agfpg' s] plrt xf] < To;sf/0fn] ca
If]qkmn tf]Sbf jgh+un ;+/If0fnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ tf]Sg' plrt x'G5 .
 ljdfg:yn cfof]hgf k|d'v cf]d zdf{n] O{cfO{P l/kf]6{n] eg]hlt cyf{t\ ;f9] @$ nfv ?v sf6\g gkg]{
bfaL ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngaf6} To:tf] bfaL u/]sf x'g\ . cWoog 6f]nL;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{df
klg pgn] Tof] s'/f bf]xf]¥ofP . pgsf] Tof] bfaL ;/sf/n] :jLsf/ gu/]sf] ;Gbe{df To;n] yk e|d /
cGof]n yk]sf] b]lvG5 . zdf{ cfof]hgf k|d'v x'g\ . ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] lg0f{o ;/sf/sf] xf] .
 :jLs[t jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bgcg';f/ jflif{s s'n @ va{ #! ca{ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf]
jftfj/0fLo ;]jf gf]S;fg x'g], k'gjf{;sf nflu dfq} &* s/f]8b]lv ! ca{ #% s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd nfUg],
jgsf] gf]S;fgLsf nflu @! ca{ ?k}ofF Ifltk"lt{ tyf cg's"n jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ pRrtd\ ug{ /
k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"g ug{ yk sl/a !% s/f]8 ?k}ofF nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] tyf k|fljlws ?kdf
ljdfg:ynsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg dfGg sl7g ePsfn] o; ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f /
;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0fLo ;|f]tdf kg]{ / kg{ ;Sg] cg's"n tyf k|lts"n k|efjsf] lj:t[t d"Nofª\sg k'gM
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
 pQm jg If]qdf /x]sf] h}ljs ljljwtf, xfQLsf] kbdfu{ ePsf] tyf g]kfnsf] jg, h}ljs ljljwtf /
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL ljBdfg gLlt, /0fgLlt, sfo{of]hgf Pjd\ sfg'gnufot g]kfn kIf ePsf] h}ljs
ljljwtf;DaGwL dxf;lGw / ;fOl6;nfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ ubf{ ax';/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
u/L cfof]hgf:yn j/k/df ;d]t k/fdz{ sfo{qmdx¿ oyfzSo rfF8f] ;'? u/L ;a}nfO{ ;'–;"lrt x'g]
cj;/ lbg'k5{ .
21
jg tyf jftfj/0fdGqLsf] txaf6O{cfO{P l/kf]6{ :jLs[tePsf]] 5 . ha;Dd zdf{sf k|:tfj cyjf ;+3Lo
;+;b\sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ;ldltsf l;kmfl/; ;/sf/n] ckgTj lnFb}g . ta;Dd ltgsf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g
. sd jftfj/0fLo Ifltaf6 k|]l/t k|:tfjx¿sf cfwf/ ;/sf/n] of] kl/of]hgfsf] cWoog / sfof{Gjog
a]Un} l;/faf6 yfNg' plrt x'G5 .
 ;/sf/sf] vaf}{ va{ ah]6sf] oqf] kl/of]hgfaf/] s] :yfgLojf;L hfgsf/ x'g'kb}{g < ;/sf/n] ;/f]sf/
;ldltsf gfddf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ eg]/ @@ nfv vlr{Psf] b]lvG5 t/ kl/of]hgfaf/] g :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5 g t ToxfFsf c? sfof{nonfO{ g} . ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/
;/sf/s} Pp6f Ph]G;L / csf]{ Ph]G;LaLr s'g} lr7Lkq cfbfgk|bg ePsf] kfOFb}g . To;sf/0f :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ kl/of]hgfaf/] hfgsf/L glbO{, ltgsf] nfexfgLaf/] ;"lrt gu/L kl/of]hgf cl3 a9fpg ldNb}g
. To;sf/0f kl/of]hgfaf/] Jofks hgr]tgf / cGtlq{mofx¿ cfjZos 5 .
22
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L (References)
;+3Lo ;+;b\, cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg, @)&^
/fhkq, #) r}q, @)&!
jftfj/0fLo k|efjd"Nofªsg k|ltj]bg, @)&%
lghu9 ljdfg:yn lgdf{0fsf nflu ko{6g dGqfnon] hf/L u/]sf] Zj]qkq
bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, jg ;/f]sf/ ;ldltsf ;'emfjx¿
d's]z kf]v/n] / lhofnfn ;fx, ljdfg:ynsf gfddf aGws, lxdfn va/klqsf
k|e' a'9fyf]sL, jftfj/0fsf] n]G;af6 lghu9 ljdfg:yn, gful/s b}lgs, )&% d+l;/ # .
cldt 9sfnsf n]vx¿, ;]tf]kf6L
8f= gfu]Gb|k|;fb ofbj, jglj1,cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f d"Nojfg ;fn jg sf6]/ agfpg] ls ljsNk
vf]Hg] <,
23
cGtjf{tf{x¿ (Interviews)
cf]d zdf{, bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn cfof]hgf k|d'v
;'/h >]i7, jg tyf jftfj/0f lj1
ljho l;+x, jftfj/0fljb\
ef]nf e§/fO{, jg lj1
Dffwjs'df/ g]kfn, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL
ch'{g 9sfn, k"j{ cWoIf, g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"x g]km]h .
6f+luof ;/f]sf/ ;ldltM
cDa/ l3l;+u - j8f ;b:o _
;'dg ;Tofn -;lrj_
;lagf nfdf -a:tLsf] AolQm_
;'Gb/ ;'gf/ -sfo{kflnsf ;b:o_
dg axfb'/ yfkf du/ ->L g]kfn /fli6«o cfwf/e"t laBfnosf] u'? _
;'afz s'df/ vgfn -lghu9 d]o/_
/fd k|;fb rf}w/L - ;fembf/L ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3_
e/t axfb'/ e08f/L - sf]xNaL gu/ k|d'v_
cld/ dxh{g - k;f{ lgs'~h kfs{sf] jf8]{g _
24
cWoog :ynsf] gS;f
25
cWoog :ynsf] kmf]6f]x¿
lghu9cGt/f{li«6o ljdfg:yn cjwf/0ff gS;f
26
6fFluof a:tLsf JolQmx¿;Fu 5nkmn
27
cWoog :yn
28