Course Name: WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
Course Coad: CE1001
Submitted To,
Engr. Rabindra Ranjan Saha
Associate professor
Depertment of Civil Engineering
World Unioversity of Bangladesh
Submitted By,
Shahidul Islam Robin
Program: B.S.c In Civil Engineering
Reg. No.: WUB 10/19/77/6721
Batch: 77th E
Roll No.: 6721
Sanitation: According to WHO (World Health Organization) environmental sanitation refers all conditions
that affect health, including the control of water supply, excreta and wastewater disposal, refuse disposal,
housing condition, food protection, atmospheric conditions and the safety of the working environment.
“Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact
with the hazards of wastes.”
Sanitation may be defined as the science and the practice of effective healthful and hygienic conditions and
involves in the study and use of hygienic measures such as:
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


Safe, reliable water supply.
Proper drainage of waste water.
Proper disposal of all human wastes.
Prompt removal of all refuse.
The principal objectives of providing sanitary facilities are:
 To have improved public health.
 To minimize environmental pollution.
TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES: Excreta from infected persons can cause infection in other persons in two
different ways:
 Pathogens in the excreta of an infected person reach
another person and initiate infection. These are
the excreted infections.
 Infections in other persons are caused by transmission
of excreted pathogens via insects such as flies and mosquitoes
and rodents such as rats, which act as vectors.
Wastewater: According to GESAMP (2001), contamination of the coastal marine environment by sewage
leads to significant numbers of infectious diseases linked to bathing and swimming in marine waters and to the
consumption of seafood. Human exposures to toxins associated with algae blooms also impose significant
risks.
“Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence and
comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or
agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations.”
Sewage is the part of wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, but is often used to mean any
wastewater. When this is done sewage refers to wastewater from sources including domestic, municipal, or
industrial liquid waste products disposed of, usually via a pipe or sewer system. Untreated sewage may contain
water; nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus); solids (including organic matter); pathogens (including bacteria,
viruses and protozoa); helminthes (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites) ; oils and greases; runoff from
streets, parking lots and roofs; heavy metals (including mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, copper) and many
toxic chemicals including PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols and chlorinated organics.
WATER, SANITATION AND HEALTH: Water supply and safe disposal of human wastes are most important
for the protection of health. It is important to understand that the improvement of health is not possible
without sanitary disposal of human wastes. However, neither sanitation nor water supply alone is good enough
for health improvement. It is now well established that health education or hygiene promotion must
accompany sufficient quantities of safe water and sanitary disposal of excreta to ensure the control of water
and sanitary related diseases.
Terms related to sanitation & waste water:
 Human Wastes or Human Excreta:
o Refers to only human feces and urine.
o Usually not combined with other liquid or solid wastes.
o Also known as night soil, when collected without dilution in large volumes of water.
 Municipal Sewage/ Wastewater:
o Liquid waste conveyed by a sewer.
o May include domestic and industrial discharges as well as storm water, groundwater, infiltration
and inflow.
 Domestic Sewage:
o Liquid Wastes, which originate in the sanitary conveniences, e.g., water closets, urinals, bath,
sinks etc. of the dwellings, commercial facilities and institutions in a community.
 Sullage:
o Liquid discharges from kitchens, wash basins etc. and excludes human excreta.
o Less foul than domestic sewage.
o Can be discharged through open surface drains in unserved areas.
 Industrial Wastes:
o Include the liquid discharges from spent water in different industrial processes such as
manufacturing and food processing.
 Storm Water:
o It is the surface runoff during and immediately after rainfall, which enters sewer through inlets.
o It is not as foul as sanitary or industrial sewages.
o It can be carried through open drains or channels and disposed of in natural rivers or streams
without any treatment.
FUNCTIONS OF SANITATION SYSTEM: A sanitation system involves all arrangements necessary to store,
collect, process and delivers human wastes or other forms of wastes back to nature in a safe manner. With
respect to human waste management, sanitation systems may be considered to have the following functions –
o
o
o
o
Excretion and storage.
Collection and transportation.
Process / Treatment.
Disposal / Recycle
Access to Water and Sanitation in the Bangladesh (2010)
Urban
Rural
(28% of the population) (72% of the population)
Water
Sanitation
Board Definition
House Connections
Board Definition
Sewerage
85%
20%
57%
n/a
80%
1%
55%
n/a
Total
81%
6%
56%
n/a