âu trực tiếp là lời nhắc lại những từ ngữ chính xác 1 ai đó phát ngôn ra. Khi viết câu trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép (quotation marks). Ví dụ: She said, "I will help you." (Cô ấy nói: "Tôi sẽ giúp bạn.") Câu tường thuật là lời nhắc lại nội dung, ý của ai đó nói ra (nhưng không cần phải chính xác từng từ từng ngữ). Khi viết câu tường thuật không được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép, thay vào đó chúng ta sử dụng các động từ giới thiệu nội dung được tường thuật (introductory verb). Ví dụ: She said she would help me. (Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy sẽ giúp tôi.) I Reported statements – Câu tường thuật câu trần thuật Cấu trúc: say + (that) + S + V say + to + O + (that) + S + V tell + O + (that) + S + V [xem thêm] Những biến đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật: 1. Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau: Direct speech Reported speech Present simple Past simple Present continuous Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Past simple Past perfect Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous will would can could must/ have to had to may might [xem thêm] Chú ý: Các trường hợp sau không thay đổi thì của động từ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật - Động từ giới thiệu ở các thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn [xem thêm] - Khi lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý; là câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại (loại 2) hoặc quá khứ (loại 3); hoặc là câu điều ước (wish) [xem thêm] 2. Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau: Direct speech Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive adjectives Reported speech I he/ she You I/ We/ They We We/ They me him/ her you me/ us/ them us us/ them my his/ her Possessive pronouns your my/ our/ their our our/ their mine his/ hers yours mine/ ours/ theirs ours ours/ theirs this the/ that these the/ those Demonstratives [xem thêm] 3. Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau: Direct speech Reported speech here there now then/ at that moment today/ tonight that day/ that night tomorrow the next day next week the following week the previous day yesterday the day before last week the week before ago before [xem thêm] II Reported questions – Câu hỏi tường thuật Khi tường thuật lại một câu hỏi chúng ta cũng thực hiện các biến đổi về thì của động từ, các đại từ và từ chỉ định, các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn phù hợp với văn cảnh. Ngoài ra chúng ta cần lưu ý một số điểm sau: 1. Reported Y/N questions - Câu hỏi tường thuật Yes/ No ask/ wonder/ want to know + if/ whether + S + V [xem thêm] 2. Reported wh-questions - Câu hỏi tường thuật có từ để hỏi ask/ wonder/ want to know + question words + S + V [xem thêm] 3. Indirect questions vs Reported questions - So sánh câu hỏi gián tiếp và câu hỏi tường thuật Câu hỏi Dạng thức Cách dùng Do you know/ + if/ whether/ question words - Hỏi thông tin hoặc lời khuyên một cách lịch sự. Indirect + S + V? - Thì của động từ, đại từ, các từ hạn định và questions Ví dụ: Are they artists? trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian/ nơi chốn giữ nguyên => Do you know if they như trong câu hỏi trực tiếp. are artists? S + ask / + if/ whether/ question words + S + V Reported Ví dụ: He asked, “Are they questions artists?” => He asked if they were artists. - Tường thuật lại câu hỏi, lời khuyên, gợi ý, yêu cầu của ai đó. - Khi chuyển sang câu tường thuật cần biến đổi thì của động từ, đại từ, các từ hạn định … cho phù hợp. 1. Cáo buộc ai đó vì đã làm gì. S accused Sb of doing sth “ You stole the money on the table”, she said to him -> She accused him of stealing the money on the table. 2. Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận đã làm gì. S+ admitted/ denied+ Ving/ having P2. He said “Yes, I did” -> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table He said: “ No, I didn’t” -> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table 3. Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why don’t you) S + advised sb + (not) to V “If I were you, I would sve some money” she said ->She advised me to save some money. “You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter. ->Jane advised Peter not to believe him. 4. Câu mời (Would you like......?) S+ offered Sb Sth S+ offered to do Sth S + invited sb+ to V “Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said. -Ioffered Peter a cup of coffee. “Would you like me to clean the house for you” he said. ->He offered to clean the house for me. “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said. è He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night. 5. “Don’t do sth…” “Never do sth…” S asked/ told Sb not to do sth S warned against Ving/ warned sb not to do sth “Please don’t tell anyone what happened.” Ann said to me. ->Ann told me not to tell anyone what had happened. “Never enter this room” she warned me ->She warned me against entering that room. -She warned me not to enter that room. 6. “Don’t forget/ Remember to V” S reminded Sb to do sth. He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”. -> He reminded me to come there on time the next day. She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday” -> She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday. 7. Câu cảm thán: “ What a/an +Adj+ N” “How + adj/ adv + N/ S+ be/ V” Trực tiếp: What a lovely dress! Tùy theo xúc cảm và hình thức diễn đạt, chúng ta có thể dùng nhiều hình thức khác nhau như sau: Gián tiếp: She exclaimed that the dress was lovely. She complimented me on the lovely dress. Eg: “What a strange idea!”he said. He exclaimed that it was such a strange idea. 8. “ Thank you for….” Thank Sb for Ving/ N Ex: “Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us. -> He thanked us for helping him finish that project. “ Thank you for this lovely present.” I said to him. -> I thanked him for that lovely present. 9. “ Congratulations …”: S congratulated Sb on Ving Eg: “Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me. He congratulated me on winning the first prize. 10. “ Sorry…” S apologized to sb for Ving Ex: “Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother. è He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase 11. WARN: cảnh báo S+ warned+ sb+ to V/ not to V + O Hoặc S + Warned sb against Ving: cảnh báo ai làm( không làm ) gì Ex: “Don’t play ball near the restricted area.” I said to the boy: --> I warned the boy not to play ball near the restricted area --> I warned the boy against playing ball near the restricted area 12. PROMISE : lời hứa S+ will/won't + VS +promised+sb+to + V / not to V: hứa làm gì Ex: " I won’t never do this again " He said to her --> He promised her not to do that again 13. THREATEN : đe dọa S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe dọa (ai) làm gì Ex: He said " I will kill you if you don’t do that "- -> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that 14. SUGGEST: đề nghị Shall we+ V.... Let's+ V... How/What about+ Ving.... Why dont we + V .. S+ suggested+ Ving đề nghị cùng làm gì. Ex: " Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy. → The boy suggested going out for a wal 15. Gợi ý cho người khác : “Why don’t you+ Vo? dùng cấu trúc S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to her è He suggested that she should have a rest. 16. WISH: chúc S+ wished+ sb+ (a/a) + adj+N: chúc ai đó có được điều gì Ex: " Have a happy birthday" she said è She wished me a happy birthday 17. WELCOME : chào mừng, chào đón S+welcomed+sb/st+to+place: chào đón ai đến với .. . Ex: " Welcome to my house , my dear " she said to her friend è She welcomed her friend to her house 18. AGREE : đồng ý S+ agreed+ to V: đồng ý làm gì Ex: Ann: " Would you wait half an hour.? "Tom: " All right" => Tom agreed to wait. 19. REFUSE : từ chối S+ refused+ to V : từ chối làm gì Ex: Ann: "Would you lend me another £50? "Tom: " No, I won’t lend you any more money" . => Tom refused to lend her any more money. 20. INSIST: khăng khăng , nài nỉ S+ insisted+ on+ Ving: khăng khăng, nài nỉ làm gì Ex: Tom said “ Let me pay for myself. => Tom insisted on paying. 21. DREAM: mơ ước S+ dreamed of+ Ving: luôn mơ về điều gì Ex: Daisy said: “I want to be a famous singer in the world.” -> Daisy dreamed of being a famous singer in the world. 22. ENCOURAGE : động viên, khích lệ S+ encouraged + sb + to V Ex: “Try again” she said => She encouraged me to try again. 23. PREVENT : ngăn chặn S+ prevented+ sb/st+ from+ Ving : ngăn ai làm gì, ,cái gì xảy ra Ex: " My mother said : " I can’t let you use the phone è My mother prevented me from using the phone 24. REPROACH: trách mắng S+ reproached+ sb+ for+ Ving Ex: " You should have finished the report by now” John told his secretary. --> John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report 25. BLAME : đổ lỗi S + blamed sb + For + Ving : đổ lỗi ai làm gì Ex: " It was your fault. You didn’t tell the truth " She said --> She blamed me for not telling the truth 26. SUSPECT : nghi ngờ S+ suspected sb of Ving : nghi ngờ ai làm gì Ex: " I think He stole that car " My friend said --> My friend suspected him of stealing that car 27. REGRET : hối tiếc S+ regretted + Ving : hối tiếc đã làm gì ex: " I wish I had visited her" said he --> He regretted not having visited/ visiting her 28. COMPLAIN : phàn nàn S+ complained about + Sth: phàn nàn điều gì Ex: " You are always getting up late " My mother said --> My mother complained about my getting up late 29. CRITICISE : phê bình S+ Criticized sb + For + Ving : phê bình ai việc gì ex: " You shoudnt have made that mistake " the boss said to me ( bạn lẽ ra không nên gây ra lỗi đó ) --> The boss criticized me for having made that mistake 30. CALL : gọi S+ Called sb something : gọi ai đó là gì ex I. Put the following sentences into reported speech. “Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom 2. “Listen to me and don’t make a noise,” said the teacher to his students. 3. “I’m tired of eating fish” said Mary to Helen. 4. “There are still so many difficulties ahead. Let’s double our efforts,” the President said. 5. “If I were you, I would take the course,” Jane told me. 6. “I’m sorry I’m late,” she said. “The bus broke down.” 7. “Come in and look around. There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper. 8. “Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me. 9. “Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” he said to me. 10. “How much do you think it will cost?” he asked. 11. “I have no idea. I just go along to see what will happen,” the boy said. 12. “Why didn’t you come to my party last night, Betty?” Tom said. 13. “Would you mind turing the music down?” Andrew said to Anne. 14. “There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry. 15. “Which way is the post office?” the tourist asked. 16. “Is this your father’s car?” the policeman asked Sandra. 17. “I don’t know where Archie is” said Vicky. 18. “ I can’t go to school today because I’m ill,” said Mike. 19. “Will we read the story?” Billy asked his teacher. 1. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp. 1. “Open the door,” he said to them. -He told them................................................................... 2. “Where are you going?” he asked her. -He asked her where......................................................... 3. “Which way did they go?” he asked. -He asked... ...................................................................... 4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her. -I told... ............................................................................ 5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us. -She told... ........................................................................ 6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her. -I asked her... .................................................................... 7. “He’s not at home”, she said. -She said that... ................................................................. 8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked. -The girl wanted to know... .............................................. 9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said. -Tom told Ann... ............................................................... 10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her. -He asked... ........................................................................ 11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked. -Thomas asked Jean..... 12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said. -I told Mary.... ................................................................... 13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said. She said that... 14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said. -She said that... ................................................................... 15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked. - She asked us.... ................................................................... 16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack. -He told Jack that.... ............................................................. 17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked. -Tom asked Jean.... .............................................................. 18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said. -He said that.... ................................................................... 19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us. -He told us.... ................................................................... 20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him. -I asked him how long.... 21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me. -She wanted to know.... .................................................. 22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us. -She asked us.... .............................................................. 23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me. -She invited me.... ............................................................ 24. “Don’t do it again,” she said to them. She told them.................................................................. 25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked. -She asked....................................................................... 26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said. -She told.......................................................................... 27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked. -Mary asked....................................................................... 28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter. - Peter asked if ....................................................................... 29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager. -The office manager wondered............................................................ 30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John. -John advised Elizabeth........................................................................ 31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John. -John accused....................................................................................... 32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary. -Mary accused...................................................................................... 33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley. -The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley............................................................... 34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said. -The doctor advised................................................................................ 35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself. -Tim wondered....................................................................................... 36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan. -Paul apologized..................................................................................... 37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked. - Martha asked Peter when..................................................................... 38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother. -Anna asked............................................................................................ 39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said. - William’s mother told.......................................................................... 40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son. -Mrs. Rogers told....... ............................................................................. 41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George. -George said............................................................................................ 42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car. -Martin apologized.................................................................................. 43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us. -The landlady asked................................................................................ 44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary. -Mary asked............................................................................................ 45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice. -The notice said that.............................................................................. 46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?” -I asked.................................................................................................. 47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow” - She reminded me ................................................................................ 48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys. -The teacher told the boys……………………………………….......... 49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson. - The interviewer asked ........................................................................... 50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness. Read more: B ÀI TẬP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT 11 (3)1. “Don’t forget to come to the meeting tomorrow.” Said the manager.…………………………………………………................…………………………2. “I’ll try my best to look for that book for you” Jim promised.……………………..............………………………………………………………3. “We really must stay together.” Said the Trade Union Officer.………………………….............………………………………………………….4. “Don’t touch that wire with your wet hand.” said the teacher.………………………………………................……………………………………5. “I’ll always wish to become a good doctor.” said Linda.…………………………….................………………………………………………10. “No, of course not. I didn’t damage your computer.” said Peter.………………………………………………………………………...........…….11. “ I can’t wait until August to go to Paris for my holiday.” said my sister.………………………………………………………………………….......…….12. “You stole the money I put on the table this morning.” said my brother.………………………………………………………………………….......…….13. “No, let me pay for the meal. Not you.” David insisted.…………………………………………………………………………….....……14. “You’ve won the gold medal. Congratulation!” said the teacher.……………………………………………………………………….....…………15. “I’m terribly sorry. I was so impolite to you yesterday.” said my friend.………………………………………………………………….........…………….16. “Yes. You’re right. I broke the vase when cleaning the table.” said she.……………………………………………………………..........………………….17. “Let’s go to the beach.” said she.…………………………………………………………..........…………………….18. “You should join the football team, Eric.” The teacher encouraged………………………………………………………….......................................… 19. “We’ll come back again.” The girls said……………………………………………………………………………………...20. “You’d better not swim too far from the shore” ………………………………………………………………………………………21. “ I feel like meeting our children soon.” Said Mrs Bike. (looked forward to)………………………………………………………………………………………22. “Could you close the window?” (ask) I said………………………………………………………………………………………23. “you should go home and rest for a while.” Lan said………………………………………………………………………………………24. “You should not drink beer.” I said to Nga ………………………………………………………………………………………25. “ Come and see me whenever you want.” (invite)………………………………………………………………………………………26. “ Please don’t smoke in my car, Nam” Ba said………………………………………………………………………………………27. “ Sue, give me your phone number.” (tell)I said………………………………………………………………………………………28. “ I’ll never do it again” (promise) She said………………………………………………………………………………………29. “All right. I’ll wait for you.” (agree) He said………………………………………………………………………………………30. Stay here! You mustn’t leave the shop. (stop) He said………………………………………………………………………………………31. “ The house is very nice.! We’ll certainly buy it.” Said his wife. (were thinkingof) ………………………………………………………………………………………32. “Why don’t we stay at home for a change?” His friends said…………………………………………………………………….................………33. “I’m sorry that I broke the glass,” said Peter....................34. “You should have waited for us,” the team leader said to John CRITICIZED......................................................................................................................... .......35. “Let’s invite Mr. Brown to the party next weekend” he said SUGGESTED......36. “You stole the jewels,” the inspector said to him 37. “I only borrowed your car for some hours,” the man said38.“No, it’s not true. I didn’t cheat in the exam” Tom said 39. “All right, it’s true. I lost my temper,” said the teacher.40. “I’m very grateful to you for your help, Mr. Smith,” Sue said to him 41. “Congratulations! You won the English Quiz,” said Yo’s teacher42. “I’ll buy this toy car. I insist,” Peter said.........................................................................................................................43.“ It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you...................................................................................................................................44 .“ I hear you passed your exams. Congratulations!” John said to us........................................................................................................................................ 45.“ I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier,” Mary said...................................................................................................................................... . 46. “ I’ll drive you to the station. I insist,” Peter said to Linda.................................................................................................................................... .47.“ You didn’t pay attention to what I said ,” the teacher said to the boy.....................................................................................................................................4 8.“ I’ve always wanted to be rich,” Bob said.Bob always .................................................................................................................49.“ Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport,” I said to Ann.I warned .........................against..................................................................................50“ Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane..................................................................................................................................... ..51“ It was nice of you to visit me. Thank you,” Miss White said to Jack.................................................................................................................................... .52. “ I must have made a mistake in the calculations.” Mr. Forest said...................................................................................................................................... ..53.“ I’ll pay for the meal.” Sarah said. (insist).................................................................................................................................. ....54. “ It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much.” Mike said...................................................................................................................................... 55. “ I’m sorry I couldn’t come to visit you last summer.” John said...................................................................................................................................... .56. “ I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!” Dane said. ............................................................................................................................. .........57.“ I can’t let you use the mobile phone.” Her mother said...................................................................................................................................... . 58. “ I didn’t steal the car”, the boy said. “ I just borrowed it”.......................................................................................................................................5 9. Peter said, “ I wish I hadn’t lent him some money.”................................................................................................................................ .......60. “ You don’t buy this car” They said. .......................................................................................................................................61. “ The man is a spy.” She said. She suspected ................of..........................................................................................62.”If I were you ,I wouldn’t buy this car” said...................................................................................................................................... 63.”Shall I carry your suicase,Lan?”said Nam..................................................................................................................................... ..64.”Yes, all right ,I’ll share the food with you,Dave.”........................................................................................................................... ...........65.”Sue,can you remember to buy some bread?” Paul said..................................................................................................................................... 66.”Don’t touch anything in this room”,the man said to the children................................................................................................................................ ....67.”I must go home to make the dinner”,said Mary.Mary said.....................................................................................................................68.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me. Tom asked......................................................................................................................69.”Hav e you finished your homework?” Mom asked.Mom asked if.................................................................................................................70.She said to me :”I can’t do it by myself”She told me that.............................................................................................................71.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.” His father warned him.His father warned him...................................................................................................72.”Give me a smile ”The photographer said to me.The................................................................................................................................. 73.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students The librarian told the students.......................................................................................74.”Have you travelled abroad much ?”he asked me.He.................................................................................................................................. .75.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.The boss asked...............................................................................................................76.”I have just received a postcard from my sister, ”my friend said to me.My friend told me.........................................................................................................77.”This story happened long ago ”he said.He said..........................................................................................................................78. “ I stole it” He said.................................. 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