2010 2010 3000 2009 2269 2 1 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 1 2 1 2 3 39 41 41 42 42 1 2 42 4 11 13 13 14 15 19 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 28 29 3 49 49 50 51 51 51 51 53 54 67 69 71 71 73 74 75 80 83 85 90 91 92 Yo – heave – no 2 3 4 5 6 6 42 43 43 43 3 43 44 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 44 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 47 47 8 9 1 2 3 4 47 47 48 48 48 1 Bow – Bow 5 131 133 133 134 135 138 139 141 142 143 143 143 143 144 144 144 147 147 148 148 149 150 8 93 98 98 101 102 104 105 107 111 114 115 120 120 121 123 125 127 127 128 129 129 130 7 187 1991 10 151 153 154 154 156 156 157 2 1 2 1 157 159 159 160 3 4 5 160 161 161 6 7 8 9 162 163 163 171 176 179 180 183 9 12 11 65432 1 87 9238391 915 2 630 3 774 14 19341913 13 132412541 16891605 2 1632 3 1766 4 8954 897 5 1030 6 913 7 9028 9519 97710 98511 1229– 117012 16 15 11 19641 2 1953 1963 19654 19645 19976 19761932– 19147 5 1787 6 1894–18037 186– 1799 8 1898 1960–18859 1918– 1885 1966–187710 18 17 20 19 4 5 6 7 8 22 1 2 3 21 13237231 1270670 2 1318718 1917 1 1349750 24 23 2 3 122 220 26 25 6 1400 332000 2000 2430 1750 1 2 3 300100 1 2 3 4 5 28 27 1 2 3 4 5 15 1 30 29 2 1 2 3 1 3530 400200 4535 404540 5045 8580 1 2 32 2 300700 31 3 1 435 920 2 1900 847 34 1 2 3 33 2 3 3 460 615 4 5 2800 2170 6 7 4 1 1 36 35 774 15 450 2 400 3 4 37651 1120100 2 66000 15 3 1155 38 37 40 39 1 2 3 42 41 2 3 4 4 5 6 1 44 43 8 9 5 6 7 46 45 1 2 3 1 Bow – Bow 1 48 4 47 2 3 2 Yo – heave – no 1 2 Pooh – Pooh 3 4 50 49 1 2 3 4 3 5 6 4 5 1 2 6 52 51 54 53 1 dog 3 2 56 55 4 5 58 57 Polysemy 6 30 60 59 - break + fast = breakfast 2- Derivation - teach + er = teacher - gang + dom = gangdom - king + dom = kingdom 3- Invention Kodak Nylon 4- Echoism Whisper Moan, hiss 5- Clipping Lab, disco 6- Acronomy Mp, Nato, Radar 7- blending - autobus, gasohol 8- Back formation Greed, hedgehop 9- folk etymology - female, let ball 10- Antonomasia Sandwich, hamaburger 11- Reduplication Lovey – dovey, tiptop 2 1- Compounding - boy + Friend = boyfriend 62 61 2 fastbreakbreakfast 1 3 2 The clerk sneezed loudly 3 4 The clerk loudly sneezed loudly sneezed the clerk 64 5 6 1 63 Concord 7 2 66 65 1 2 … 68 67 1 3 4 2 5 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 2 70 69 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 72 71 7 4 1 1 2 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 74 73 • 5 1 3 2 • 1 2 3 4 • 1 2 3 1 • 1 • 4 2 3 4 2 3 76 75 2 4 • • 1 1 3 2 2 4 • 3 4 1 2 3 • 1 2 • 1 • 1 2 2 3 4 1 78 77 • 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 80 79 2 1 2 4 3 3 4 4 5 1 2 1 82 81 3 4 84 83 86 85 88 87 4426 90 89 alphabetalphabet BetAleph alphabetumalphabet Alphabetos Bet alpha 92 91 630 224 589549522 24 549549 450 94 93 36 42 2800 37 1 31 2 3 96 95 86 1 5 2414 28 134 28002 5–1 3 243 241 132 98 97 1 2 100 99 i 102 101 341 402 273 364 1 315 326 357 348 329 3110 40 23 2 3 104 103 5413643623613575747 594 350341 727682 – – – 27 3123 106 105 1199 1784 13171308 1844 1893 1902– 1898 108 1010 935 1592– 1591 107 110 19261925 19491939 i 109 1910– 1908 1909 27 1902 1989 1926 1876 112 i 111 19251 19252 19283 19304 19365 1949– 19396 7 19538 19609 196910 197611 197712 198113 198614 200615 200816 114 113 2009 192188 1 shShip chChic suSugar tioNation ciSocial ssioPassion ch teacher, cheap, chiken ache, chemistry c2 city, bicycle 116 115 Social cake, car ea3 head, dead, read wu1 seat, dean, bean 2 1 Riz Lait Parfum Soir Cher Noir Vert 3 2 3 118 117 26 44 (Etruscan 21 Glxq 4 5 120 119 2321 ZY k j, u, w 1912 1913 19321 20 4419382 3219383 5619554 3519575 122 121 çčch 4319606 şšsh xxgh Ž Z Š S e aw ew a ħ H x X ewa ewa î i ěwa pitPît XitXît milMîl ä ěsta 124 123 126 125 1 2 3 4 128 127 1 1867 2 3 130 129 1 4 5 2 3 6 4 7 132 131 5 134 133 2 1 136 135 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 138 137 3900 140 139 1 2 142 141 144 143 146 145 148 147 150 149 : 101 82 152 7810 5 151 73 1 1 154 64 55 153 2 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 4 156 155 1 1898 2 158 157 3 5 6 160 4 159 7 467 9 162 8 161 164 163 2 3 166 1 165 5 4 168 167 6 170 169 172 171 174 173 176 175 178 177 180 179 182 181 184 183 186 185 3 2007 4 1999 1 5 1999 2 2005 1984 2007 3 2007 5 7 8 2009 1 6 9 2008 10 1981 196711 12 1971 2003 4 2005 2 2001 3 1973 13 2005 199914 1 2004 2 1976 188 187 3-Fromkin,v,Robert Rodman and Nina hyams;2003,An introduction toLanguage,7th ed. 4-Wardhaugh,R,1990,An introduction to sociliinguistics, Cambridge. 5-Yule,G.2006.The study of Language,3rd ed, Cambridge. 20051 2 1989 3 2000 20054 19805 6 1980 7 8 9 1978 110 190 15 1985 16 2007 17 19712 200418 2008201919 2009320 21 1981 22 1990 23 1974 24 1990 200625 1-Aitchson,j, 1993,Linguistics,London. 2-Crystal,D, 1993 , Language and Languages, London. 189 36 11 19821402 1970 37 12 38 13 2005 2006 39 1996 1968 1999 14 M.labbe Gi. Vincent15 40 2004 41 1978 2005 42 1377 43 2019181716 232221 2827262524 313029 32 2004 197833 192 34 1988 35 2002 191