HISTORY OF DRAWING
NAME:
MUAHMMAD SAJJAD
ROLL NO:
BSF1903329
SEMESTER:
3rd
SESSION:
2019-2023
PROGRAME:
B.ED SPED
SUBJECT:
FUNDAMENTALS OF DRAWING
TOPIC:
HISTORY OF DRAWING
SUBMITTED TO:
MAAM SUFFAH NAEEM
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LOWER MALL CAMPUS
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
INTRO AND HISTORY OF DRAWING
INTRO OF DRAWING:
Drawing is the simplest and most efficient way to communicate visual
ideas, and for century’s charcoal, chalk, graphite and paper have been adequate
enough tools to launch some of the most profound images in art. ... And drawing, of
course, is often used to create finished works of art in their own right.
Homo sapiens created the world are first known drawing on this stone
about 73,000 years ago in what is now South Africa. A small rock flake no larger than a
house key is covered with a colossal surprise: the first known drawing ever made by a
human.
Definition of Drawing:
Drawing is essentially a technique in which images are depicted on
a surface by making lines, though drawings can also contain tonal areas, washes and
other non-linear marks.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Importance of Drawing:
Drawing enables your child's imagination to become more active.
Each time they draw they access their imagination and make physical representations
of what's in their mind. People's imaginations have allowed them to create all of the
things that we use and are surrounded by everyday.
Drawings are important because they are used to communicate the technical details
of a project in a common format. The drawings also become the foundation for future
projects and cost savings for customers. ... A complete drawing set can easily reduce
the amount of time spent on-site.
Drawing plays a big role in our cognitive development. It can help us learn to write and
think creatively, develop hand-eye co-ordination, hone analytic skills, and conceptualize
ideas. But drawing is rarely used as a tool for learning in schools. Generally, most
high school teachers aren't trained in visual education.
History of drawing:
The earliest known drawings date from 30,000 to 10,000 B.C..
They were found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. Other examples of
early drawing are designs that were scratched, carved, or painted on the surfaces of
primitive tools.
Homo sapiens created the world's first known drawing on this stone about 73,000 years
ago in what is now South Africa. A small rock flake no larger than a house key is
covered with a colossal surprise: the first known drawing ever made by a human.
Drawing present in caves:
In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the oldest known figurative art
painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in
the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo.
Cave Art:
Cave art is generally considered to have a symbolic or religious function,
sometimes both. The exact meanings of the images remain unknown, but some experts
think they may have been created within the framework of shamanic beliefs and
practices.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Cave art, generally, the numerous paintings and engravings found in caves and shelters
dating back to the Ice Age (Upper Paleolithic), roughly between 40,000 and 14,000
years ago.
The first painted cave acknowledged as being Paleolithic, meaning from the Stone Age,
was Altamira in Spain. The art discovered there was deemed by experts to be the work of
modern humans (Homo sapiens). Most examples of cave art have been found
in France and
in
Spain,
but
a
few
are
also
known
in Portugal, England, Italy, Romania, Germany, Russia, and Indonesia. The total
number of known decorated sites is about 400.
Most cave art consists of paintings made with either red or black pigment. The reds were
made with iron oxides (hematite), whereas manganese dioxide and charcoal were used
for the blacks. Sculptures have been discovered as well, such as the clay statues of bison
in the Tuc d’Audoubert cave in 1912 and a statue of a bear in the Montespan cave in
1923, both located in the French Pyrenees. Carved walls were discovered in the shelters
of Roc-aux-Sorciers (1950) in Vienne and of Cap Blanc (1909) in Dordogne. Engravings
were made with fingers on soft walls or with flint tools on hard surfaces in a number of
other caves and shelters.
Representations in caves, painted or otherwise, include few humans, but sometimes
human heads or genitalia appear in isolation. Hand stencils and handprints are
characteristic of the earlier periods, as in the Gargas cave in the French Pyrenees.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Animal figures always constitute the majority of images in caves from all periods.
During the earliest millennia when cave art was first being made, the species most often
represented, as in the Chauvet–Pont-d’Arc cave in France, were the most-formidable
ones, now long extinct—cave lions, mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, cave bears. Later
on, horses, bison, aurochs, cervids, and ibex became prevalent, as in
the Lascaux and Niaux caves. Birds and fish were rarely depicted. Geometric signs are
always numerous, though the specific types vary based on the time period in which the
cave was painted and the cave’s location.
drawings at Chauvet–Pont d'Arc
Drawings of a lean bear or a hyena (above) and a panther (below) in Chauvet–Pont d'Arc,
Ardèche, France.
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Cave art is generally considered to have a symbolic or religious function, sometimes
both. The exact meanings of the images remain unknown, but some experts think they
may have been created within the framework of shamanic beliefs and practices. One
such practice involved going into a deep cave for a ceremony during which a
shaman would enter a trance state and send his or her soul into the otherworld to make
contact with the spirits and try to obtain their benevolence.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Examples of paintings and engravings in deep caves—i.e., existing completely in the
dark—are rare outside Europe, but they do exist in the Americas (e.g., the Maya caves in
Mexico, the so-called mud-glyph caves in the southeastern United States),
in Australia (Koonalda Cave, South Australia), and in Asia (the Kalimantan caves
in Borneo, Indonesia, with many hand stencils). Art in the open, on shelters or on rocks,
is extremely abundant all over the world and generally belongs to much later times.
Evolution of drawing:
The earliest known drawings date from 30,000 to 10,000 B.C.. They were found on the
walls of caves in France and Spain. ... These drawings had a flat, linear style. Texts
written on papyrus (an early form of paper) were illustrated with similar designs in pen
and ink.
Moments:
Neo classical period:
Regarding English literature, the Neoclassical Age is typically divided into
three periods: the Restoration Age (1660-1700), the Augustan Age (1700-1750), and
the Age of Johnson (1750-1798). ... In style, neoclassicists continued the Renaissance
value of balanced antithesis, symmetry, restraint, and order.
Why is it called the neoclassical period?
The period is called neoclassical because its writers looked back to the ideals and art
forms of classical times, emphasizing even more than their Renaissance predecessors
the classical ideals of order and rational control.
Neoclassical architecture was based on the principles of simplicity, symmetry, and
mathematics, which were seen as virtues of the arts in Ancient Greece and Rome. It
also evolved the more recent influences of the equally antiquity-informed 16th century
Renaissance Classicism.
Neoclassical architecture is characterized by grandeur of scale, simplicity of geometric
forms, Greek—especially Doric (see order)—or Roman detail, dramatic use of columns,
and a preference for blank walls. The new taste for antique simplicity represented a
general reaction to the excesses of the Rococo style.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Cubism:
Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around
1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They brought different views of subjects
(usually objects or figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that appear
fragmented and abstracted.
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European
painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. ...
One primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in
the late works of Paul Cézanne.
Futurism:
Futurism (Italian: Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the
early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, .
Futurism was an Italian art movement of the early twentieth century that aimed to capture
in art the dynamism and energy of the modern world. Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of
Continuity in Space 1913, cast 1972.
Futurism was invented, and predominantly based, in Italy, led by the charismatic poet
Marinetti. The group was at its most influential and active between 1909 and 1914 but was restarted by Marinetti after the end of the First World War.
Surrealism:
Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early '20s as a literary movement that
experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing, or automatism,
which sought to release the unbridled imagination of the subconscious.
The principles, ideals, or practice of producing fantastic or incongruous imagery or
effects in art, literature, film, or theater by means of unnatural or irrational juxtapositions
and combinations
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Abstract Expressionism:
Abstract Expressionism, broad movement in American painting that became a
dominant trend in Western painting during the 1950s.
Abstract expressionism is the term applied to new forms of abstract art developed by
American painters such as Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Willem de Kooning in the
1940s and 1950s. It is often characterised by gestural brush-strokes or mark-making,
and the impression of spontaneity.
The dominant artistic movement in the 1940s and 1950s, Abstract Expressionism was
the first to place New York City at the forefront of international modern art.
Pop Art:
Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States
during the mid- to late-1950s. The movement presented a challenge to traditions of fine
art by including imagery from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic
books and mundane mass-produced cultural objects.
The movement was named because of the general popularity of the subjects
(hamburgers, soup cans, Coke bottles, etc.) used in their art.
Conceptual Art:
Conceptual art is a movement that prizes ideas over the formal or visual
components of art works. An amalgam of various tendencies rather than a tightly
cohesive movement, Conceptualism took myriad forms, such as performances,
happenings, and ephemera.
Conceptual art is based on the notion that the essence of art is an idea, or concept,
and may exist distinct from and in the absence of an object as its representation. Many
examples of conceptual art (well-known works or statements) question the notion
of art itself.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Minimal Art:
abstract art consisting primarily of simple geometric forms executed in an
impersonal style.
In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in
post–World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and
early 1970s.
Minimalism emerged in New York in the early 1960s among artists who were selfconsciously renouncing recent art they thought had become stale and academic. A
wave of new influences and rediscovered styles led younger artists to question
conventional boundaries between various media.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
ARTISTS AND THEIR WORK:
Peter Paul Rubens:
Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist and diplomat from the Duchy
of Brabant in the Southern Netherlands. He is considered the most influential artist of
the Flemish Baroque tradition. Rubens's highly charged compositions reference erudite
aspects of classical and Christian history.
Born:
June 28, 1577, Siegen, Germany
Died:
May 30, 1640, Antwerp, Belgium
On view:
Rijksmuseum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, MORE
Periods:
Baroque, Antwerp school, Baroque painting, Renaissance
Known for:
Painting, drawing, tapestry design, print design
Spouse:
Helena Fourment (m. 1630–1640), Isabella Brant (m. 1609–1626)
Children:
Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen, Albert Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens: The Hippopotamus Hunt
The Hippopotamus Hunt, oil on canvas by Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1615–16; in the Alte Pinakothek,
Munich.
Alte Pinakothek, Munich; photograph, Joachim Blauel/Artothek
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Rembrandt:
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a Dutch draughtsman, painter,
and printmaker. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally
considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important
in Dutch art history.
Born:
July 15, 1606, Leiden, Netherlands
Died:
October 4, 1669, Amsterdam, Netherlands
On view:
Rijksmuseum, National Gallery of Art, MORE
Periods:
Baroque, Dutch Golden Age, Baroque painting
Full name:
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn
Nationality:
Dutch
Spouse:
Saskia van Uylenburgh (m. 1634–1642)
Rembrandt's only known seascape, The Storm on the Sea of Galilee, 1633. The painting is still missing after the robbery from the
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in 1990.
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Daumier:
Honoré-Victorin Daumier was a French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and
sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France from
the Revolution of 1830 to the fall of the second Napoleonic Empire in 1870.
Born:
February 26, 1808, Marseille, France
Died:
February 10, 1879, Valmondois, France
On view:
National Gallery of Art, MORE
Periods:
Realism, Impressionism, Romanticism, Modern art
Full name:
Honoré Victorin Daumier
Known for:
Printmaking, painting, sculpture
Series:
The Third Class Carriage
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Vangogh:
Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch post-impressionist painter who is
among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In a
decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of
which date from the last two years of his life
Born:
March 30, 1853, Zundert, Netherlands
Died:
July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, France
On view:
Van Gogh Museum, Kröller-Müller Museum, MORE
Periods:
Realism, Post-Impressionism, Modern
art, Impressionism, Japonisme, Cloisonnism, Pointillism, Neo-Impressionism
Movies:
Un artiste de passage à Auvers
Siblings:
Theo van Gogh, Cor van Gogh,

Vincent van Gogh: The Starry Night
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Pablo Picasso:
Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker,
ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France.
Born:
October 25, 1881, Málaga, Spain
Died:
April 8, 1973, Mougins, France
On view:
The Museum of Modern Art, The Art Institute of Chicago, MORE
Periods:
Cubism, Surrealism, Expressionism, Post-Impressionism, MORE
Full name:
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios
Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso
Nationality:
Spanish
Masterpieces of Pablo Picasso
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HISTORY OF DRAWING
Jackson Pollock:
Paul Jackson Pollock was an American painter and a major figure in the abstract
expressionist movement. He was widely noticed for his technique of pouring or
splashing liquid household paint onto a horizontal surface, enabling him to view and
paint his canvases from all angles.
Born:
January 28, 1912, Cody, Wyoming, United States
Died:
August 11, 1956, Springs, New York, United States
On view:
The Museum of Modern Art, MORE
Periods:
Abstract expressionism, Expressionism, Modern art, Action painting
Spouse:
Lee Krasner (m. 1945–1956)
Known for:
Painting
Masterpieces of Jackson Pollock

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