I NTHEHON’ BLEHI GHCOURTOFHOMELANDATPANDORA APPEALFROM ORDERNO.401OF2019 MrNei l Jacob ( Or i gi nal Def endantNo. 3) …Appel l ant Ver sus 1. WonderHol i day sPv t .Lt d. ( Or i gi nal Pl ai nt i f f ) 2. MrSV ( Or i gi nal Def endant .No. 1) 3. WebDesi gnerLt d. ( Or i gi nal Def endantNo. 2) 4. Keny aTour sPv t .Lt d. ( Or i gi nal Def endant .No. 4) …Respondent s ( I nt hi snot e,par t i esar er ef er r edt oast heyappear edbef or et het r i alcour ti n t hepl ai nt ) Thepl ai nt i f fcl ai mst obeat r av eloper at ormai nt ai ni nggl obalr eser v at i on sy st em donet hr oughi t spr oduct“ j our ney . com” .Accor di ngt ot hepl ai nt i f f , i ti s engaged i nB t o B busi ness model ,v i z .i tdeal s wi t h onl yt he r egi st er edagent sandnotgener alpubl i c.Thepl ai nt i f fcl ai mst hati thas busi nessi nAsi aPaci f i cRegi on.Accor di ngt ot hepl ai nt i f f ,i ti si nt ot he busi ness si nce 1999.I thas dev el oped t wo t r ademar ks – “ Wonder Hol i day sGr oup”and“ j our ney . com” , andhasbeenusi ngt hem si nce2007. Accor di ngt ot hepl ai nt i f f ,i thasappl i edf ort her egi st r at i onoft hesai d Tr adeMar ksundercl ass39, 9and16i n201516, andnoopposi t i onsar e r ecei v edandt het r ademar ksar er egi st er ed.Ther ef or e,t hepl ai nt i f fi st he r egi st er ed pr opr i et or of t he sai dt r ademar ks and t her ef or e,si nce accor di ngt ot hepl ai nt i f f ,t hedef endant s( mor epar t i cul ar l ydef endant no. 3) ar e usi ng t hei rwebsi t es / domai n names i nt he name of “ www. wonder hol i day s. com. ca” and “ www. pl anj our ney . com” , t he def endant sar ei nf r i ngi ngi t st r ademar ks. I nsof arast hedef endantno. 1and2ar econcer ned,def endantno. 2i sa companypr ov i di ngwebhost i ngser v i ces, sof t war esol ut i onsandpr ov i des l i cenci ng sof t war e,wher eas def endantno. 1i s Managi ng Di r ect orof def endantno. 2.I ti st hecaseofdef endantnos.1and2t hati nv i ew of sof t war e agr eementent er ed i nt o bet ween def endantno. 2 and one WonderHol i day sCanada( si gnedbyMrNei lJacobasi t sDi r ect or ) ,t he def endantno. 2hascr eat edwebpagef orWonderHol i day sCanada.Apar t f r om t hi s,t heyhav enor ol et opl ayi nt heent i r edi sput e.Ther ef or e,t hey hav ef i l edanappl i cat i onf ordel et i onoft hei rnamesasdef endant si nt he sui t .Theyhav eal sof i l edr epl yt ot hei nj unct i onappl i cat i onaswel las wr i t t enst at ementt opl ai nt , mor eorl essr ai si ngt hesamecont ent i ons, as r ai sedi nt heappl i cat i onf ordel et i on. Thedef endantNo. 3i st heDi r ect orofoneWonderHol i day sCanada ( Canadi anent i t y ) .Thedef endantno.3i sappar ent l yj oi nedasadef endant on t he basi s t hat t he appl i cat i on f or websi t e r egi st r at i on f or “ wonder hol i day s. com. ca”and“ pl anj our ney . com”wasmadebyhi m.The def endantno.4hasbeenj oi nedasdef endantonl yont hebasi st hatwhi l e appl y i ngf orwebsi t er egi st r at i on,t hedef endantno.3–MrNei lJacob– hadgi v enhi semai li d( nj @keny at our s. com)ast he“ Regi st r antemai li d” , si ncebef or ej oi ni ngt heCanadi anent i t y ,hewaswor ki ngwi t hKeny a Tour s,andbymi st akehement i onedhi sol demai li dwi t h“ Keny at our s” suf f i xwhi l eappl y i ngf orwebsi t er egi st r at i onf ort heCanadi anent i t y . I nt hepl ai ntaswel lasi nj unct i onappl i cat i on,pl ai nt i f fhasasser t edt hat t he domai n name “ pl anj our ney . com”has been r egi st er ed byWonder Hol i day sCanada.Si mi l ar l ydomai nname“ www. wonder hol i day s. com. ca” i sal sor egi st er edbyt heCanadi anent i t y .I nt hepl ai nt ,t hepl ai nt i f fv er y v aguel yr ef er st osomeor alagr eementbet weenpl ai nt i f fanddef endant no. 3,al l egedl yexecut edi n2012,f orr unni nganent i t ycal l ed“ Wonder Hol i day sCA”i nCanada. I nsof arasdocument spr oducedbyt hepl ai nt i f fal ongwi t ht hepl ai ntar e concer ned,pl ai nt i f fhaspr oduced TM1 For m f ort r ademar k“ Wonder Hol i day sGr oup” ,whi chi smer el yanappl i cat i onf orr egi st r at i on.Thesai d t r ade mar k has noty etbeen r egi st er ed.The second Tr ade Mar k “ j our ney . com”i sadmi t t edl yr egi st er ed. Wi t ht he sai d back gr ound,t he pl ai nt i f fhas pr ay ed f orper manent i nj unct i on agai nstdef endant sf r om i nf r i ngi ng t he t r ademar ks oft he pl ai nt i f fbei ng“ WonderHol i day sGr oup”and“ j our ney . com”byusi ngt he sai dt r ademar kofot herdecept i v el ysi mi l armar kandi ncl udi ngbutnot l i mi t edt o“ wonder hol i day s. com. ca”and“ pl anj our ney . com” .I thasal so soughtper manenti nj unct i on agai nstdef endant sf r om i nf r i ngi ng t he t r ademar ksoft hepl ai nt i f fandf r om passi ngof ft hei rser v i cesast hoseof t hepl ai nt i f f ’ s.Pr ay erseeki ngaccount sanddamagest ot het uneofRs.50 cr or esar eal sosought . I nt he appl i cat i on ori nt er i m i nj unct i on,t he pl ai nt i f fhas pr ay ed f or t empor ar yi nj unct i onagai nstdef endant sf r om i nf r i ngi ngt het r ademar ks oft hepl ai nt i f fbei ng“ WonderHol i day sGr oup”and“ j our ney . com”byusi ng t hesai dt r ademar kofot herdecept i v el ysi mi l armar kandi ncl udi ngbutnot l i mi t edt o“ wonder hol i day s. com. ca”and“ pl anj our ney . com” .I thasal so soughtt empor ar yi nj unct i on agai nstdef endant sf r om i nf r i ngi ng t he t r ademar ksoft hepl ai nt i f fandf r om passi ngof ft hei rser v i cesast hoseof t hepl ai nt i f f ’ s.Pr ay erf ordest r uct i onofal lmar ket i ngmat er i al ,st amps, st at i oner y , i nv oi ces, et c.bear i ngt het r ademar ks“ wonder hol i day s. com. ca” and“ pl anj our ney . com”i sal sosought . Thepl ai nt i f fhascont endedt hatsi ncebot ht hewebsi t esi ndi sput ear e accessi bl ef r om Pandor aandt hepl ai nt i f fcompanybei ngr egi st er edi n Pandor a,t he l ocalci v i lcour toft he ci t yhas j ur i sdi ct i on t ot r yand ent er t ai nt hesui t . Uponbei ngser v edwi t ht hesummonsoft heCour t ,asi ndi cat edabov e, t hedef endantnos.1–2hav ef i l edt hei rr epl yandwr i t t enst at ementt o t hei nj unct i onappl i cat i onandt hepl ai ntr espect i v el y .Theyhav eal sof i l ed anappl i cat i onf ordel et i onoft hem asdef endant sf r om t hesui tont he gr oundt hatt heyhav enot hi ngt odowi t ht hedi sput ebet weent hepl ai nt i f f andt her estoft hedef endant sort heCanadi anent i t yandt her ei sno causeofact i onagai nstt hem ast heyar enotusi ngt hedi sput edwebsi t es /domai nnames.Thi sappl i cat i oni spendi ng. Thedef endantno.4hasbeenser v edandi thasal sof i l edanappl i cat i on f ordel et i onofi t snameasdef endantont hegr oundt hatdef endantno. 4 hasnot hi ngt odowi t ht hedi sput eand/ ort het r ademar ksi nquest i on.I t hasbeenj oi nedonl yont hebasi sofmi st akeofdef endantno. 3whi l e appl y i ngf orwebsi t e/domai nnamer egi st r at i on, wher ei nhehasgi v enhi s ol demai li dcont ai ni ngnameofdef endantno. 4,si ncebef or ej oi ni ngt he Canadi anent i t y , def endantno. 3waswor ki ngwi t hdef endantno. 4andhad anemai li dwi t ht henameofdef endantno. 4i ni t .Thi sappl i cat i oni s pendi ng. Thedef endantno. 3hasbeenser v edwi t ht hesummonsoft heCour t t hr oughemai landbyPostatCanada.Hehasf i l edhi swr i t t enst at ement t ot hePl ai ntaswel lasr epl yt oi nj unct i onappl i cat i on.Hehasal sof i l edan appl i cat i onunderOr derVI IRul e11oft heCodeofCi v i lPr ocedur e,1908 ( CPC)f orr ej ect i onoft hepl ai ntonv ar i ousl egalgr ounds,aswi l lbe i ndi ct edher ei naf t er .Hehasmai nl ycont endedt hatt hepl ai nti sdev oi dof mer i t sandsuf f er sf r om gr osssuppr essi on.Thepl ai nt i f fhassuppr essed t hatoneofi t sownDi r ect or sMrJPi soneoft hePar t ner / Di r ect oroft he Canadi anent i t y .I nf actt heCanadi anent i t ywasi ncor por at edwi t hhi s v i si onofexpandi ngt hebusi nessofWonderHol i day si nCanada.MrJP cont i nuest obe25% st akehol deri nCanadi anent i t y .I ti st hecaseof def endantno. 3t hatt het wowebsi t es/domai nnamesoft heCanadi an ent i t ywer eappl i edwi t ht heexpr essconsentandknowl edgeofMrJP.I t i sonl ybecauseofsomei nt er nalf i nancer el at eddi sput et hatt hepl ai nt i f f t hr oughot herDi r ect orhasf i l edt hesui t . I ti st hecaseofdef endantno. 3t hatt hel ogo, st at i oner y , et c. , ofCanadi an ent i t ywer eal ldesi gnedbyt het eam ofMrJP.Fur t her ,t heCanadi an ent i t y ’ sst at i oner yandwebsi t econt ai nst henameandwebsi t eofWonder Hol i day s and si mi l ar l y ,t he websi t e and st at i oner y ,et c.ofWonder Hol i day scont ai nt henameofCanadi anent i t yasi t sgr oupCompany . I ti sal socont endedt hatoneoft het wot r ademar ksi sunr egi st er edmar k, and hence,t he pr ay er s pr i mar i l y soughtf ori nf r i ngementar e not mai nt ai nabl e.I ti sf ur t hercont endedt hatt heent i t y ,whi chi sadmi t t edl y usi ngt hewebsi t es/domai nnames, andwhoi st he“ Owner ”oft hesame, i snotj oi nedasadef endanti nt hesui t .Hence,t hesui ti sal sobadi nl aw i nv i ew ofnonj oi nderaswel lasmi sj oi nderofnecessar yandpr oper par t y .Pr i mecont ent i onofl ackofj ur i sdi ct i onoft hel ocal t r i al cour ti sal so r ai sed.I ti s cont ended t hatf ort he r egi st er ed t r ademar k,assumi ng wi t houtadmi t t i ng,t hei nf r i ngementi scommi t t edbyaCanadi anent i t y , whi ch i s notj oi ned i nt he sui tand t he l ocalcour twoul d nothav e j ur i sdi ct i on ov ert he sai d ent i t y .I nsof arast he unr egi st er ed mar ki s concer ned,t hecauseofact i onhasnotar i senwi t hi nt hel ocall i mi toft he t r i alcour t , andt her ef or eal so, t hesui ti snotmai nt ai nabl e.I ti scont ended t hatmer ei nt er act i v i t yofanywebsi t ewoul dnotconf erj ur i sdi ct i ont oa par t i cul arcour t ,unl essi ti sshownt hatany“ commer ci alt r ansact i on” f r om suchwebsi t ehasact ual l yt akenpl acewi t hi nt hej ur i sdi ct i onoft hat par t i cul arcour t . TheHon.Tr i alCour thasgr ant edanexpar t est ayagai nstdef endant s r est r ai ni ngt hem f r om usi ngt hewebsi t es/domai nnamesi nquest i on. Hence, t heDef endantNo. 3haspr ef er r edAppealagai nstOr derbef or et he Hi ghCour t , whi chi spendi ng. Poi nt st obeconsi der ed: 1. Cant hepl ai nt i f ff i l eacomposi t esui tf or( i )i nf r i ngementofi t s r egi st er edt r ademar kand( i i )passi ngof fofanunr egi st er edmar k?Can t hi sbesai dt obe“ bar r edbyl aw” ? 2. Cant heCour ti nPandor ahav ej ur i sdi ct i ont ot r yandent er t ai nasui tf or passi ngof fofanunr egi st er edmar k, whi chi sappar ent l ydonebyan ent i t yi nCanada? 3. Cant hepl ai nt i f ff i l easui tagai nstanent i t y( orj oi ni ti npendi ngsui t ) r egi st er edundert hel awsofCanadaal l egi ngi nf r i ngement ? 4. Cant hePl ai nt i f ff i l easui ti nPandor aonl ysi ncei ti sr esi di ng/car r y i ng outi t sbusi nessi nAhmedabadt houghnocauseofact i onhasaccr ued i nt her e?CanSec. 134Tr adeMar kAct , 1999bei nv okedwi t houtany causeofact i on? 5. Cant heCour ti nPandor ahav ej ur i sdi ct i ont ot r yandent er t ai nasui tf or i nf r i ngementoft r ademar kwher ei nf r i ngementi sal l egedonl yont he basi sofanonl i newebsi t e( i nt er act i v i t ynotal l eged)wi t houtt her ebei ng anyi nst anceofcommer ci al t r ansact i on?( r ef erBany anTr eej udgment ) 6. Cant hedef endantt akedef enceof“ deemedl i cense”i nt hegi v enf act s ofcasewher epl ai nt i f fandCanadi anent i t yhasbeenwor ki ngi npastas gr oupcompani es?( CommonDi r ect orandnamesonst at i oner y ) 7. Cant heCour ti nPandor ahasi t sj ur i sdi ct i onov erCanadi anent i t yi n casei ti sf oundt hati ti sv i ol at i ngt heor derpassedbyt heCour t ? 8. I st hesui tmai nt ai nabl ewhent heent i t yal l egedl yi nf r i ngi ngt r ademar k ( orpassi ngof f )i snotj oi nedasadef endant ? NOTE: LawsofSt at eofHomel andi sPar i Mat er i at oLawsofI ndi a. Knowl edgePar t ner :