Assignment
On
Advertising and Promotion (MKT 311)
Submitted ToSamina Huq
Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration
Submitted ByName: Md. Fazle Rabbi
ID: BBA 06418719
Program: BBA
Stamford University Bangladesh
Question. 1We know that covid 19 is a threat to the human life and WHO (world health
organization) has declares it is as pandemic. As, due to the virus almost all the
countries had to keep them lockdown, many researchers are saying that, the wild
climate has been improved. In this situation, What is the impact of Covid-19 in the
world climate? With the help of different websites and online report, news etc
discuss your answer.
AnswerAs the entire world passing a similar circumstance like lockdown because of covid
19 everywhere throughout the world it has make some immense changes in the
climate. Here attempted to present some circumstance which will help to
understand the effect over the climate plainly.

The coronavirus pandemic has lead to an increase in air quality all around
the world. Lockdowns have resulted in factories and roads shutting, thus
reducing emissions.

These 11 visualizations, using data from NASA’s Global Modeling and Data
Assimilation team, show the dramatic impact lockdown measures have had
on pollution levels.
To contain the coronavirus pandemic, billions of people have been told to stay at
home. In China, authorities placed almost half a billion people under lockdown,
the equivalent of nearly 7% of the world’s population. Many other countries have
since taken similar measures, initially in hard-hit Italy and Spain, and more
recently in the United States and India.
Reuters visualizations, based on data from NASA’s Global Modeling and Data
Assimilation team, show how concentrations of some pollutants fell drastically
after the lockdowns started.
Satellite observations record information on aerosols in the atmosphere. NASA’s
model is then able to provide estimates of the distribution of these pollutants
close to the Earth’s surface.
China
The maps below show how levels of PM2.5 nitrate fell in China’s Hubei province
after the government imposed travel restrictions. Nitrate is one of the
components that make up PM2.5, tiny particles, about 3% of the diameter of
human hair, that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream,
leading to heart disease, strokes or cancer.
Nitrate aerosols are formed from nitrogen compounds, which can be emitted by
human activities, especially burning fuel and diesel.
PM2.5 Nitrate, weekly averages in China.
Image: Reuters Graphics
Emissions in China.
Image: Reuters Graphics
“We may soon learn how much of an impact this temporary pause in pollution
has had on human health and the environment, but the clearest takeaway from
this event is how satellite measurements of nitrogen compounds can be used as
an indicator of economic activity,” said Ryan Stauffer, a research scientist at
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
Ground station metrics from Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, show how
certain pollutants including nitrogen dioxide were at record lows during the first
few months of the year.
Scientists say nitrogen dioxide pollution has been steadily decreasing over the last
few years. However, the lockdown may have contributed to this year’s drop.
The following charts show monthly averages of pollutants over the last seven
years.
Monthly averages of micrograms per cubic meter, in Wuhan, Hubei, 2014-2020.
Image: Reuters Graphics
Italy
Similar patterns unfolded across Italy following the introduction of a nationwide
lockdown on March 9. Restrictions had already been implemented in late
February in some northern regions, where COVID-19 cases had surged.
The industrial belt across northern Italy often experiences high levels of air
pollution, but estimates show otherwise this year.
PM2.5 Nitrate, weekly averages in Italy.
Emissions in Italy.
Image: Reuters Graphics
Of the pollutants that fell most significantly in northern Italy, nitrogen dioxide
stood out, according to data recorded at ground stations. Bergamo, one of the
provinces most affected by the virus, has experienced improvements in air quality
Monthly averages of micrograms per cubic meter, in Bergamo, Lombardy, 20152020.
Image: Reuters Graphics
India
Every winter, New Delhi and other big cities in the north are enveloped in a
blanket of smog as farmers burn crop residue. The air tends to clear a little in
spring.
Lockdown has visibly changed India's air quality.
Image: Bhushan Kumar, Sunil Kataria / Reuters.
However, in the first few months of this year, India experienced a significant
decline in some pollutants. The lockdown imposed by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi on the country’s 1.3 billion people could be a major contributing factor.
However, there may also be other factors impacting air quality, according to
Pallavi Pant, an air quality scientist at the Health Effects Institute in Boston.
“Air pollution levels are often influenced by local meteorology, like temperature
or wind speed. Several early analyses are showing declines in air pollution in
regions where shutdowns have taken place. However, any such analyses should
consider all relevant factors.” Pallavi Pant told Reuters.
Ground stations in northern India also show a downward trend in overall PM2.5,
according to data from local authorities.
Monthly averages of PM2.5 micrograms per cubic meter, in Lucknow and Delhi,
2015-2020.
Image: Reuters Graphics
Beyond improvements in outdoor air quality, scientists are also curious how
lockdowns have affected indoor air quality, with millions of people staying at
home for far longer than usual.
“As we continue to talk about improvements in outdoor air quality, people are
spending a lot more time indoors and the exposure patterns for indoor air
pollution might be different at this time too,” said Pant.
Water quality
In Venice, the water in the canals cleared and experienced greater water flow and
visibility of fish. The Venice mayor's office clarified that the increase in water
clarity was due to the settling of sediment that is disturbed by boat traffic and
mentioned the decrease in air pollution along the waterways.
Wildlife
Demand for fish and fish prices have both decreased due to the pandemic and
fishing fleets around the world sit mostly idle. German scientist Rainer
Faroese has said the fish biomass will increase due to the sharp decline in fishing,
and projected that in European waters, some fish such as herring could double
their biomass. As of April 2020, signs of aquatic recovery remain mostly
anecdotal.
As people stayed at home due to lockdown and travel restrictions, some animals
have been spotted in cities. Sea turtles were spotted laying eggs on beaches they
once avoided (such as the coast of the Bay of Bengal), due to the lowered levels of
human interference and light pollution.
From over these photos and reports it is cleared that covid 19 have positive
impact in the climate and it instructs us that we ought to know about and being
dynamic to keep up our climate sound by doing nature agreeable action.
Question. 2Because of Covid 19 people are maintaining social distance. It has an impact on
the market also. In this situation what kind of consumer behavioral change do you
think the market might face as a post effect of pandemic?
Answer"Looking beyond the immediate effects of COVID-19, few consumers expect to
revert back to pre-crisis behaviors any time soon. In these uncertain times, no one
knows how long the transition will take or whether different consumer trends will
emerge. The EY Future Consumer Index, paired with analysis around the EY Future
Consumer. Now, will continue to provide a perspective on the changing consumer
and help consumer-facing companies stay relevant and plan for the future."
The four segments reflect how consumer behavior can relate to age groups,
family or employment status:

Cut deep: These consumers are mainly more than 45 years old and have
seen the biggest impact on their employment status. Almost a quarter have
seen their jobs suspended, either temporarily or permanently. Seventyeight percent of them are shopping less frequently, while 64% are only
buying essentials. Thirty-three percent feel that brands are far less
important to them in the current climate.

Save and stockpile: This segment shows particular concern for their families
and the long-term outlook. More than a third (36%) are now spending more
on groceries, while most are spending less on clothing (72%) and leisure
(85%)
.

Stay calm, carry on: These consumers do not feel directly impacted by the
pandemic and are not changing their spending habits. Just 21% of them are
spending more on groceries, compared with 18% that are spending less.

Hibernate and spend: Primarily aged 18-44, these consumers are most
concerned about the impact of the pandemic. However, only 40% of this
segment says they are shopping less frequently. And while 42% say the
products they buy have changed significantly, 46% of them say brands are
now more important to them.
The COVID-19 pandemic has overturned our day by day lives. The retail business
was at that point in a condition of disturbance; however an unanticipated
occasion of this size has quickened dynamic moves in customer purchasing
conduct. During the long stretches of March 9 and March 16, Astound Commerce
conveyed two overviews, each campaigning 500 online worldwide shoppers, in
the U.S., Canada, Europe, and the Middle East. In the midst of this time period of
boundless frenzy and vulnerability, three earth shattering, yet unsurprising,
changes in shopper conduct happened:
1. Online Shopping Spiked 55% Globally Week-Over-Week
The forced closure of physical stores resulted in a pivot to e-commerce, with
consumers securing essentials by any means necessary. Twenty-two percent of
U.S. shoppers reported paying a premium as a result of running into “out-ofstocks,” up from only 3 percent during the previous week.
2. Consumers Returned to the Basics
Panic buying focused on nondiscretionary products needed to sustain
governmental shelter-in-place orders, including shelf-stable food items,
healthcare products and cleaners. In the U.S., discretionary items such as apparel
and travel saw declines in purchasing week-over-week of 120 percent and 54
percent, respectively.
3. Pickup and Delivery Usage Skyrocketed
Due to the natural spread of the virus, 72 percent of U.S. shoppers indicated an
intentional shift towards contactless interactions. This resulted in shoppers using
more omnichannel services such as store pickup (U.S. up 44 percent) and delivery
of food and groceries. Grocery delivery, in particular, increased by 39 percent
worldwide.
Thus, these reports and research give clear idea about the behavioral change in
consumer after covid 19.