Janine Hornby
10/10/2020
AB20122 VTCT Level 2 Award in Facial Massage & Skin Care
UV20483 Follow health and safety practice in the salon.
a. Explain the difference between legislation, codes of practice and workplace policies:
Legislation are laws passed and set by parliament and Code of Practice are rules that are set out for
the workplace by qualified therapists that are part of a professional body making sure employers
meet the required standard.
b. Outline the main provisions of health and safety legislation:
By making assessments of risk and preventing any accidents or injury by keeping the workplace in
good order.
c. State the employer’s and employee’s health and safety responsibilities:
Employers and employees must adhere to health and safety guidelines and report to the nominated
health and safety person in the salon. Keeping the salon clean and tidy, making sure access to
workstations are clear of obstructions. Acting quickly on spillages of hazardous chemicals or water
on a floor making it slippery by putting in a sign over the area and getting someone to clean the
area.
d. State the difference between a hazard and a risk:
A hazard is something that has potential to cause harm and a Risk is the likelihood of something
happening.
e. Describe hazards that may occur in a salon:
- Blocked pathways with boxes of product piled up high
- Equipment that is broken, faulty or incorrectly used
- Overloaded sockets
- Unmarked wet floors
- Loose wires not tidied away after use
f. State the hazards which need to be referred:
Spillages, blocked exits and pathways, faulty electrical equipment, toxic or hazardous liquids not
stored correctly.
g. State the purpose of personal protective equipment used in a salon during different services:
- Protective glasses used to protect your eyes during laser treatments
- Protective gloves to protect against contamination or spreading of germs or being burned by
chemicals
h. State the importance of personal presentation, hygiene, and conduct in maintaining health and
safety in the salon:
- Personal presentation and hygiene: clean, healthy, manageable hair that is off the face.
Clothes clean and ironed, fresh breath, avoid overpowering perfume, clean short nails, light
make-up, comfortable clean shoes. No exposed cuts covered in a clean plaster.
- Conduct in maintaining health and safety in the salon: Use clean towels for every client,
disinfect, clean, and sanitise tools and work area before every new client to avoid cross
contamination between clients.
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10/10/2020
i. State the importance of maintaining the security of belongings:
A client’s personal belongings need to be stored in a safe place away from the salon floor where
items could be tripped over, damaged or stolen. Client to empty pockets prior to hanging coat. Staff
should keep personal items stored in the staff area to avoid clutter.
j. Outline the principles of hygiene and infection control:
- All equipment used on clients must be sterile and cleaned
- Equipment that has been used on a client must be cleaned thoroughly before using it again
- All staff to adhere to salon policies, clean, tidy and safe standards of working
- Remove / report slippery surfaces or obstacles
- Appropriate sterilisation (barbecide, autoclave, UV or sterilising spray)
k. Describe the methods used in the salon to ensure hygiene:
- Wash hands regularly
- Disinfect surfaces, tools, and workstations
- Using clean towels and linen
- Fresh latex free gloves used
i. Describe the effectiveness and limitations of different infection control techniques:
- General Cleaning: removal of visible surface contaminations, soiled areas or materials but
will not effectively kill bacteria and needs to be done prior to disinfection.
- Disinfection: used to kill microorganisms but not strong enough to kill off resistant bacterial
spores. Certain products can be damaging to surfaces and equipment so must be checked
they are appropriate for certain items prior to use.
- Sterilisation: an extreme chemical process which removes bacteria, fungi and viruses. Best
used on tools that have contact with skin or penetrate skin surface.
m. Describe how to dispose of different types of salon waste:
- Clinical Waste splits into subcategories:
 Hazardous waste – sharps
 Offensive Waste – waste that is potentially contaminated in body fluids
 Pharmaceutical Waste
These waste products need to be kept separately and in individual bins. This waste goes
into a yellow bin with different colour lids for each category.
-
General Waste – general every day to day rubbish. Black bin
Be able to follow emergency procedures
a. Identify named emergency personnel:
- Nominated First Aider
- Nominated Health and Safety Officer
- Ambulance / emergency services 999
b. Describe procedures for dealing with emergencies:
- Report incidents to security, first aider or 999 depending on the emergency
- Check client records and record accident for future reference
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10/10/2020
c. Outline the correct use of fire fighting equipment for different types of fire:
- Making sure fire extinguishers are accessible and colour coded extinguishers are available
for all types of fires
- Fire equipment should include Carbon Dioxide diffuser, dry powder or vaporising liquid
- Water extinguisher – Green, Foam Extinguisher – Blue, Fire Blanket – Red, Sand bucket –
yellow
d. State the dangers of the incorrect use of fire fighting equipment on different types of fires:
Water should not be used on electrical fires as water enables electricity to spread through and
potentially cause shock to a person attempting to extinguish the fire.
e. State the importance for reporting and recording accidents:
- Reporting a incident will assist in preventing situations from reoccurring
- It ensures that the person hurt will be treated quickly and affectively
- For legal reasons it shows sufficient evidence on the steps and measures taken at the time of
the accident
f. Describe the procedure for reporting and recording accidents:
- For the purposes of RIDDOR, details of all reportable incidents, injuries, diseases and
dangerous occurrences must be recorded in a record book and must include the following:
 Date, time and place of event
 Personal details of those involved
 Injuries occurred
 Date when the report is made
 Brief description of the nature of the event
 Signatures of all involved including the injured person
- If the accident is serious or it results in an absence of more than 3 days, a report must be
made to the Environmental Health Officer within 10 days of the accident. An accident form
(F2508) can be completed or alternatively reported online by visiting RIDDOR’S website.
www.riddor.gov.uk
Janine Hornby
10/10/2020
UV20453 Client care and communication in Beauty related industries
Be able to communicate with clients
a. Outline different forms of communication used to deal with clients:
- Speak with clarity, be respectful, supportive, and professional, answer any questions.
- Maintain eye contact and body language, listen attentively.
b. Describe how to use consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives:
- Meet the client’s expectations
- Offer what is suitable for the client
- Answer any questions in a right manner
- Record the information if required
- Main goal is the client satisfaction
c. State the importance of using effective communication to identify client needs and
expectations:
When talking with your client your voice should be calm, polite and reassuring in order for your
client to understand what you’re saying. Speak slowly, clearly and with confidence. Make sure the
information you are giving your client is correct and informative and be a good listener.
d. Describe the term ‘personal space’:
It is important the therapist respects the client by giving them a reasonable amount of personal
space when carrying out any part of a treatment. This is so that the client is comfortable. This can
be done by leaving a functional amount of space between the therapist and the client. Suitable
covering of the client, suitable location for consultations keeping information private, client privacy
and unobstructive behaviour.
e. State the importance of providing the client with clear advice and recommendations:
It is important that the client has a clear idea of what their treatment is about, what it consists of
and that they have been recommended the most suitable treatment tailored for the client’s needs.
The client should have aftercare advice provided to them after every treatment where the therapist
has explained the information clearly to the client.
Be able to provide client care
a. Describe client confidentiality in line with data protection legislation:
- Sticking to the data protection act guidelines always
- Protecting client’s personal information
- Nominating a data protection officer at work according to ICO rules
- Destroying client’s personal data after a certain period when it is no longer required
b. Explain the importance of communication techniques to support retail opportunities:
Clients will respond to different sales techniques differently. It is important to try to get to know
your client and build up a rapport so that you know the best methods to use. Treatment and
product knowledge are vital as you need to be confident when trying to sell. Some clients are happy
to just let you tell them how it works whereas others prefer to see a demonstration or visually see
the treatment in process. It is best to try and relate the treatment or product to their individual
needs and tell them how they will benefit from it. You should observe and be aware of their body
language and have positive body language yourself.
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10/10/2020
c. State the importance of client feedback and responding constructively:
Client feedback is especially important as this way we can get a chance to improve our services.
Getting clients to place comments into a comment box in the salon or asking them to leave a review
online after a treatment is a great way of receiving feedback from clients.
d. Outline how to refer and assist in client complaints:
If we receive any complaints at work, we should resolve them appropriately by always being
professional, friendly and understanding in our responses to clients or staff members putting in the
complaint. All complaints should be dealt with by a senior manager within the salon.
Janine Hornby
10/10/2020
UV20398 Provide facial skin care
Be able to prepare for facial skin care treatments
a. Describe salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and work area:
We should be fully prepared for carrying out facial skincare treatments by ensuring we are smartly
dressed and have great personal hygiene. Long hair should be tied back and jewellery removed. We
should also be positioned comfortably so we can carry out the treatment effectively. The client
should be prepared for the treatment by securing hair away from their face, using a hair net or
headband. Clients should be positioned comfortably on the treatment bed, so the treatment is an
enjoyable as possible and we should have all the equipment and products we will require
throughout the treatment to hand.
b. State the environmental conditions suitable for facial skin care treatments:
The treatment room should be warm and clean, with a comfortable bed as the client will be lay on it
for some time. The room should have a calming vibe, making the client feel relaxed and any
equipment or products that will not be used should be tidied away. Music and gentle fragrance can
help achieve this.
c. Describe different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives:
- Questioning – Ask the client questions about their skin, previous treatments, what they
would like to achieve from the treatment. Questions should be specific to the client and
treatment involved.
- Visual – Examine the client’s skin (using a magnifying daylight lamp where possible) and
discuss the analysis with the client.
- Manual – Paper consultation forms can be used to gather and record information. If we are
treating a returning client, we can also refer to the clients record card and update where
necessary.
d. State the importance of carrying out a detailed skin analysis:
It is extremely important to carry out a detailed skin analysis to ensure we target the client’s issues
effectively and provide an enjoyable treatment. If we fail to do this correctly, we could make the
clients issues worse which would result in an unhappy client who will not return to the salon. By
gathering as much information as possible about the client’s skin we can provide a more bespoke
treatment. An incorrect treatment or product choice can fuel any existing conditions and result in
permanent damage.
e. Describe how to select products, tools and equipment to suit client treatment needs, skin types
and conditions:
We need to assess what the client would like to achieve from their treatment. For facial treatments
we need to ensure the client is lying down and comfortable, so a treatment bed is required. We then
need to select suitable products taking into consideration the clients skin type and any skin
conditions.
- Oily skin can be recognised by large pores or an oily sheen. Light, oil-free products are best
for this skin type. Toners can also work well to reduce oil and cleanse the skin. We should
not pile lots of different moisturisers on this skin type, this will result in increased oil
production.
- Dry skin can be recognised by a tight, dull complexion which can also be flaky. An exfoliating
facial cleaner is a good for removing the dry dead skin cells. Followed by a moisturiser that
contains essential oils. This will help restore moisture and soothe the skin.
Microdermabrasion is also a great treatment for dry skin.
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Combination skin is usually recognised by an oily T-Zone or drier skin on the cheeks. This skin
type requires different products for different areas. It would be advisable to use oil free
products on the T-Zone and a heavier cream containing essential oils on the normal to dry
areas.
Normal skin has an even tone without any flaking, dry patches, or oily sheen. Exfoliants and
products containing essential oils work well to remove dead skin cells and revive the skin.
Sensitive skin, this skin type can be sensitive to touch and products and must therefore be
handled with care. We should use gentle products on this skin type, preferably those which
are hypoallergenic and do not contains parabens or oil. We should also be careful when
using equipment and making sure we massage the products into the skin gently using soft
cloths/towels to remove products.
Acne prone and scarred skin can benefit from a chemical peel treatment. Chemical peels are
an exfoliating treatment. The skin treated peels off to reveal a new layer of skin. This
treatment can improve the skins pigment and smooth its surface, reducing the appearance
of acne and related blemishes.
f. Identify skin types, conditions and characteristics:
Skin Types
- Dry Skin – Tight, dull complexion with flaky or itchy patches. Milia can also be present on the
cheeks or under the eyes.
- Oily skin – Enlarged pores and an oily sheen. Can also have comedowns or papules/pustules.
- Normal skin – Even skin tone with no flaking or oily sheen. This is a rare skin type.
- Combination Skin – Oily T-Zone with dry patches on the cheeks or elsewhere.
- Sensitive Skin – Skin that is sensitive to touch or products. Can result in redness or a rash.
Skin Conditions
- Sensitive skin – Skin that goes red following touch or product application.
- Dehydrated – The skin looks tight and has criss cross lines or broken capillaries.
- Acne – Inflamed pustules or papules on the skin.
- In-growing hairs – Where hair has grown beneath the skin. Can appear as a black dot or
dome in the skin or as a pustular raised head containing the hair, if infected.
- Keloid scarring – This is occurring when the skin heals excessively causing a raised scar. The
scar can also be red and painful.
- Hyper pigmentation – Increased pigment production causing an uneven complexion with
dark patches on the skin.
- Hypo pigmentation – Decreased pigment production causing an uneven complexion with
light patches on the skin.
- Seborrhoea – This occurs because of overactive sebaceous glands and usually occurs in oily
skin types. Appears as a red itchy rash.
g. Describe the contra-indications which prevent or restrict facial treatments:
The following contra-indications will prevent facial treatments: - Cold Sores
- Warts
- Impetigo
- Boils
- Conjunctivitis
- Styes
Janine Hornby
10/10/2020
The following contra-indications will restrict facial treatments: - Cuts or abrasions
- Bruises or swelling
- Scar tissue
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Acne
- Skin tags
- Milia
- Sunburn
- Broken capillaries
Be able to provide facial skin care treatments
a. State how to communicate and behave in a professional manner:
To communicate in a professional manner, we must be enthusiastic and polite, speak clearly and
smile. We should have a positive attitude when speaking to the client and reassure them where
necessary, so they feel comfortable. We should use good language, no swearing or slang. We should
behave in a professional manner by looking presentable, arriving on time (allowing time to set up for
treatments etc) and being organised for the daily schedule.
b. Describe health and safety working practices:
- Running water – Each treatment room should have its own sink with a water supply. We
need this to sanitise our hands and equipment.
- Lighting – Make sure the room is appropriately lit. Bright enough for us to see clearly but not
too bright, so our clients feel disoriented.
- Room Temperature – We must ensure the treatment room is between 16-20 degrees.
- Ventilation – Each treatment room must have a window to circulate fresh air.
- Cleaning and sanitization – We must clean and sanitise our tools and equipment after
treating each client.
- Waste disposal – Contaminated waste should be disposed of using the yellow hazardous
waste bags where applicable. Sharps should only be disposed in the sharps bin.
- No smoking, alcohol or drugs should be used in the workplace or between treatments.
- Food and drink should not be consumed in the treatment rooms.
- Accidents should be reported and documented in the accident book.
c. State the importance of positioning yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment:
It is important that the therapist is positioned correctly during the treatment to ensure they do not
cause themselves injury and are able to perform the treatment properly. If not positioned properly
we will not be able to reach the areas required and the clients experience will suffer. The client
should be positioned correctly to ensure they are comfortable and relaxed throughout the
procedure, thus avoiding injury. The client should be close to us to provide an effective service, but
we should not invade their personal space unnecessarily.
d. State the importance of using products, tools, equipment and techniques to suit the client’s
treatment needs, skin type and conditions:
It is extremely important to select the correct products, equipment and tools when carrying out
facial treatments. If the items selected do not suit the clients skin type or fail to consider any
conditions that may be present, we could damage the client’s skin, cause irritation, or make existing
conditions worse
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10/10/2020
e. Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs, skin types and
conditions: Treatments can be adapted to suit the client by identifying specific areas of concern
during the consultation process. If there are dry patches on the skin, we can pay more attention to
these areas during the exfoliation process. Oily patches can be treated by using an oil free
moisturises. If there are any blemishes, cuts, bruising etc we can work around these areas, so we do
not cause irritation. Sensitive skin can be handled with extra care by ensuring products are
hypoallergenic and paraben free, whilst using extra soft cloths and a soft touch throughout the
treatment.
f. State the contra-indications that may occur during and following treatments and how to
respond:
- Watery eyes – Excessive watering of the eyes. We should remove the product using clean
water and try a sensitive product range.
- Skin irritation – Redness or itching of the skin. We should remove the product using clean
water and try a sensitive product range.
g. State the importance of completing the treatment to the satisfaction of the client:
Following a facial treatment, the client should feel satisfied with their results. If the client is not
satisfied, they will lose faith in our skills and will not return to the salon. If customers are satisfied
with the treatment, they will spread positive comments through word of mouth. This will generate
more custom, increase the lifetime value of existing regular clients and differentiate us from
competitors. It will also help build staff confidence in performing treatments and allow us to address
the needs of our clients more effectively.
h. State the importance of completing treatment records:
We must complete a client record for each treatment. This should record the treatment type,
products used, date, objective and outcomes. By keeping this record, we gain a better understanding
of the client and how they respond to certain treatments. We will also have a record of products
used. Records can be viewed by each therapist treating the client, so they help share knowledge
between staff, thus giving a consistent treatment. Client records note any changes in the client’s skin
over time and are required for insurance purposes.
i. State the aftercare advice that should be provided:
Aftercare is key to maximising the results of a facial treatment, clients should be advised to: - Avoid applying make-up for at least 6 hours following the treatment.
- Avoid tanning salons for 48 hours following the treatment.
- Avoid direct, intense sunlight for up to 12 hours following the treatment.
- Drink plenty of water each day (6-8 glasses)
- Do not apply perfumed products for 48 hours.
- Do not exfoliate the area to 72 hours.
- Have a good skin care routine. Remove all traces of makeup each evening, cleanse tone and
moisturise twice a day.
Janine Hornby
10/10/2020
j. Describe the structure and functions of the skin:
Structure of the skin
The skin has 3 main layers: - Epidermis - This is the outside layer of the skin; it consists of 5 layers and does not have its
own blood supply.
 5 layers Horny layer – Scale like cells which are continually shed.
 Clear layer – Transparent cells which light can pass through, this can be seen on the
palms of our hands and soles of our feet.
 Granular layer – Keratin is produced in these distinct granules.
 Prickle cell layer – Cells here are constantly dividing.
 Geminating layer – Cells here contain the pigment melanin. Cells of the epidermis
are produced in this layer and divide continuously through a process called mitosis.
- Dermis- The dermis forms the bulk of the skin and has only two layers.
 The Papillary layer is directly under the epidermis and provide nutrients and oxygen
to the germinating layer of the epidermis.
 The Reticular layer is the main portion of the dermis and is where collagen and
elastin fibres are produced.
- Subcutaneous Layer- The subcutaneous layer contains mainly fat cells providing insulation,
protection and food, whilst plumping contours.
Functions of the skin
- Sensation – It is a sensory organ detecting, touch and temperature.
- Heat Regulation – It helps maintain body temperature at 37degrees through widening and
narrowing of blood vessels.
- Absorption – Allows us to absorb chemicals into our bodies.
- Protection – Acts as a protective barrier against harmful chemicals, dirt and bacterial.
- Excretion – Allows removal of waste from the body such as sweat.
- Secretion – Produces sebum which helps protect the body.
- Vitamin D – When sunlight hits the skin it causes a chemical reaction, producing vitamin D.
k. Describe diseases and disorders of the skin:
Some of the most common skin diseases/disorders are:
- Acne – A disease which affects the skins oil glands causing them to produce excess oil. This
results in painful papules and pustules under the skin.
- Eczema – This is a long-term skin disease causing dry patches on the skin, which are often
itchy and red. This can be treated with topical lotions.
- Hives – Red and sometimes itchy bumps on the skins surface.
- Impetigo – A common skin infection caused by bacteria. Caused blister like sores which are
very contagious.
Be able to provide facial skin care treatments
a. Explain how natural ageing, lifestyle and environmental factors affect the condition of the skin
and muscle tone:
Natural ageing of the skin depends on many factors such as skin type, the thickness of skin, genetics,
the number of threats skin is exposed to and how well the skin is cared for. As skin ages pores
become more visible and elastin and collagen fibres harden making fine lines and wrinkles appear.
Muscle fibres lose tone meaning facial contours become slacker. This is particularly noticeable
around the mouth area where nasolabial folds begin to appear. Lifestyle and environmental factors
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such as exposure to sunlight/tanning beds, smoking, alcohol consumption, water intake and a poor
skincare routine can also speed up the signs of ageing.
b. State the position and action of the muscles of the head, neck and shoulders:
- Frontalis – The main muscle of the forehead. This muscle lifts the eyebrows causing
horizontal creases to appear.
- Corrugator – This muscle is found between the inner eyebrows and draws the eyebrows
together when frowning.
- Orbicularis Oculi – A round muscle surrounding the eye. This muscle is used to close the eye
and causes wrinkles known as crow’s feet at the outer corner of each eye.
- Tempolaris – This muscle covers the area around the ears to the corner of the jaw. Used to
raise the jaw when we chew.
- Massester – Covers the jaw and lower cheek area and is used to lift the jaw and exert
pressure on the teeth.
- Zygomaticus – This muscle extends diagonally upwards from the corners of the mouth. We
use this muscle when smiling.
- Levator Labii Superoris – Runs upwards from the upper lip and assists in opening the mouth.
Risorius – Runs horizontally from the corner of the mouth to the cheeks and pulls the mouth
sideways.
- Orbicularis Oris – This is a round muscle that surrounds the lips and is used to purse the lips.
- Buccinators – Forms the main part of the cheek and is a deep muscle that maintains tension
in the cheeks.
- Depressor Anguli Oris – Runs down from the lower lip and draws the corner of the mouth
down.
- Mentalis – This muscle lies over the chin and lifts the skin of the lower lip and chin.
- Platysma – Starts at the chest and covers the neck to the mandible. This muscle pulls the jaw
and lower lip down.
- Sterno-deido mastoid – Runs down each side of the neck to the collar bone. Used to flex the
neck and rotate the head.
- Trapezuis – Large muscles attached to the shoulder blades, used to draw the shoulders back.
c. State the names and position of the bones of the head, neck and shoulders:
- Mandible – This is the only moveable bone in the face, the lower jaw bone.
- Maxilla – Upper jaw bone and soft palate of the mouth.
- Zygomatic bones – These are the cheek bones.
- Turbinate – This is the spongy bone of the nasal passage.
- Lacrimal – Inner part of the eye orbit which also forms part of the nasal passage.
- Palatine – Forms part of the nasal cavities and hard palate of the mouth. This bone is found
behind the Maxilla.
- Vomer – This bones divides the nasal passages and if found inside the nose.
- Nasal – Forms the bridge of the nose.
- Clavicle – Collar bone. Scapula – Shoulder blades.
- Humerus – Large bone in the upper arm.
- Cervical Vertebrae – Part of the spine forming the neck.
- Sternum – Breast bone.
d. Describe the structure and function of the blood and lymphatic system for the head neck and
shoulders:
The lymphatic system is a collection of tissues and organs that help rid the body of waste and toxins.
It transports lymph, a fluid containing infection fighting white blood cells around the body. There are
two major groups of lymphatic vessels in the face, head and neck, superficial vessels and deep
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vessels. The structure of blood consists of red blood cells which transport oxygen and white blood
cells which help protect us from disease. The main functions of the blood are to transport oxygen
and nutrients whilst protecting the body.
Skin Types
Skin type
Normal
Dry
Oily
Combination
Characteristics
Fine texture, no visible pores, smooth, supple and flexible
Lacks moisture, dry to touch, flakiness, fine texture, thin, tight, small pores,
broken capillaries and ageing
Shiny, slight thickening, coarse texture, enlarged pores, congestion and
comedones
Combination of two or more skin types, usually oily T-zone, normal or dry
on cheeks
Additional characteristics of skin
Characteristics
Sensitive skin
Dehydrated skin
Moist skin
Oedematous skin
Young skin
Mature skin
Details / Appearance
Often pale skin, dry, colours easily, redness and reacts to products
Normal sebaceous secretions but still flaky and tight
Good elasticity and moisture
Stretched, shiny or discoloured skin
Firm, plum and wrinkle free
Loss of elasticity, loose muscle tone and wrinkles
Facial Products
Product type
Cleansing Milk
Cleansing cream
Cleansing lotion
Foaming cleanser
Cleansing Bar
Skin Bracer/freshener – Toner
Skin tonic - Toner
Astringent - Toner
Moisturising lotion
Moisturising cream
Night cream
Throat cream
Eye Cream
Eye Gel
Serums / ampoules
Best for which type of skin?
Dry, sensitive, normal or combination skin
Ultra-dry skin, deep cleansing
Oily, congested or combination skin
Dry, sensitive or mature skin
Normal skin
Oily or problematic skin
Mature skin