Cell Biology:
Animal & Plant
Cells
8th Grade
Biology
Dr. Mariela Wyatt
1
Overview
1.
Objectives
2.
Cell Structure Video
3.
Introduction
4.
Prokaryotic Cells
5.
Eukaryotic Cells
6.
Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells
7.
Animal Cells
8.
Plant Cells
9.
Class Activity
2
Objectives
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To introduce eukaryotic cells
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To be able to identify the
structures and functions of cells
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To learn the purpose of each
organelle
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To compare the organelles and
functions of plant and animal
cells
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To understand the key
differences in these cells
3
Cell Structure Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8
4
Introduction
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Cells are the smallest unit of life
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The study of cells is called cell
biology, cellular biology, or
cytology
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Prokaryotic Cells
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All cells contain:
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Single cell organisms
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Viruses
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Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
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Cell membrane
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Cytoplasm
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DNA
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Animals
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Different structures based on
type of cell
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Plants
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Fungi
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Protozoa
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Multicellular organisms
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Prokaryotic cells
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No membrane bound
organelles
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No nucleus
Buckley, G. (2020, November 06). Prokaryotic Cell. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://biologydictionary.net/prokaryotic-cell/
6
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells
Sapkota, A. (2020, July 25). How these 26 things look like under the microscope (with diagrams).
Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://microbenotes.com/under-the-microscope/
Plant Cells
@carnegiescience, V. (2019, May 23). How plant cells neutralize the potential for self-harm.
Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://carnegiescience.edu/news/how-plant-cellsneutralize-potential-self-harm
7
Organelles in
Eukaryotic
Cells
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Nucleus
• Contains genetic material (DNA)
• Surrounded by a nuclear envelop
Mitochondrion
• “Powerhouse of the cell”
• Cellular respiration occurs here to produce energy
Ribosome
• “Manufacturing department”
• Makes proteins according to the DNA à mRNA code
Endoplasmic
reticulum
• “Assembly line of the cell”
• A network of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that are involved in the production,
processing, and transport of proteins
• Rough (have ribosomes attached)
• Smooth (no ribosomes)
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Golgi apparatus
Food vacuole
• “Shipping department”
• Receives proteins from the ER and folds, sorts, and packages these
proteins into vesicles.
• Stores food or nutrients
• Tends to be larger in plant cells
Secretory vesicle
• Produced by Golgi Apparatus or ER
• Contain materials that will be excreted from the cell
Transport vesicle
• Transport materials within the cell
Cytosol
Cell membrane
• Gel-like liquid contained within cells
• The cytosol along with all the organelles, except the nucleus, make
up the cytoplasm
• Surrounds entire cell and protects the inside of the cell from the
outside environment
• Made up of double layer of phospholipids
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Animal Cell
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Katy McLaughlin, P. (.net/animal-2020, October 20). Animal Cell.
Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://biologydictionarycell/
Only in Animal Cells
Centrosomes
Lysosome
-Located near the nucleus
-Contain the centrioles, which is where the
spindles form for cell division
-“Recycling department”
-Type of vesicle that contain digestive
enzymes, which breakdown large molecules
to reuse in the cell
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Plant Cell
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Katy McLaughlin, P. (2020, October 20). Plant Cell. Retrieved December 02,
2020, from https://biologydictionary.net/plant-cell/
Only in Plant Cells
Cell wall
Central vacuole
Chloroplast
-Structural layer surrounding
the cell
-Protects the content in the
cell
-Large vacuole that stores
water and maintains the
force within the cell that
pushes the plasma
membrane against the cell
wall (turgor pressure)
-Organelle that conducts
photosynthesis
-Contains chlorophyll, which
absorbs sunlight and converts
it into energy
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Animal
-Centrosomes
-Lysosome
-Nucleus usually
in center
-Many vacuoles
-Rounded
Plant
-Cell walls
-Chloroplasts
-Nucleus usually
to the side
-One large
central vacuole
-Rectangular
15
References
1.
Biologydictionary.net Editors. (2017, April 04). Animal Cell. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/animal-cell/
2.
Bianconi E, Piovesan A, Facchin F, Beraudi A, Casadei R, Frabetti F, et alvNovember 2013). "An estimation of the number of cells in the human
body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463–71.
3.
Buckley, G. (2020, November 06). Prokaryotic Cell. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://biologydictionary.net/prokaryotic-cell/
4.
Carnegiescience, V. (2019, May 23). How plant cells neutralize the potential for self-harm. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://carnegiescience.edu/news/how-plant-cells-neutralize-potential-self-harm
5.
Intro to eukaryotic cells (article) | Cells. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2020, from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hscells/hs-prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes/a/intro-to-eukaryotic-cells
6.
Katy McLaughlin, P. (2020, October 20). Animal Cell. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://biologydictionary.net/animal-cell/
7.
Katy McLaughlin, P. (2020, October 20). Plant Cell. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from https://biologydictionary.net/plant-cell/
8.
Lau, Bethany. (2014) Animal, Plant, and Prokaryote Cell Diagrams and Question Pages.TeachersPayingTeachers.
9.
Libretexts. (2020, August 15). 4.7C: Comparing Plant and Animal Cells. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book:_Microbiology_(Boundless)/4:_Cell_Structure_of_Bacteria_Archaea_and_Eukaryotes/4.7:_Inter
na
l_Structures_of_Eukaryotic_Cells/4.7C:_Comparing_Plant_and_Animal_Cells
10.
Nucleus Medical Media. (2015, March 18). Biology: Cell Structure I Nucleus Medical Media. Retrieved December 01, 2020, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8
11.
Sapkota, A. (2020, July 25). How these 26 things look like under the microscope (with diagrams). Retrieved December 02, 2020, from
https://microbenotes.com/under-the-microscope/
16
Questions
17
Class Activity
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Identify the organelles in each cell in
the provided worksheets.
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Color the animal and plant cells.
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Use the same color for the organelles
found in both cells.
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Circle or highlight the organelles unique
to each cell.
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Homework
Answer the questions on the Plant Cell
vs. Animal Cell Worksheet
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