University of Santo Tomas
BASIC FIRST AID:
BLEEDING
By :
Agbuya , Zarah Yvonne
Alarcio , Janmaverick
Alvarez, Adrian Joseph
Aquino, Trisha Mae
Aracan, Deniel Kendrick
FIRST AID (OVERVIEW)
• is the provision of initial care for
an illness or injury commonly done in the
absence of a certified health professional.
• 3 AIMS OF FIRST AID :
- Preserve life
- Prevent further injury
- Promote recovery
TWO UNCONVENTIONAL TYPES OF First AID
1. Military FIRST AID
- Military first aid is
taught
within the cadet
forces and
should only be used
in a
military or law
enforcement
scenario. It takes
into account the
dangers of
combat and a
combat zone,
PHILIPPINE SETTING :
TWO UNCONVENTIONAL TYPES OF First AID
2. Civilian FIRST AID
- the usual first aid
method employed
by civilian
emergency
medical
responders.
- It implements a
careful step by
step procedure in
the performance
of first aid unlike
the drastic
measures
• PHILIPPINE SETTING:
IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID TO A PHARMACIST
• Pharmacists have expanded their
healthcare roles to
not just being
compounders of drugs, but to being drug
experts as well. They now provide clinical
services such as drug intervention and
management, ambulatory care, etc. so it is
imperative that all pharmacists must know
these basic first aid skills to affirm their
roles as health professionals and as health
care providers.
WHAT IS BLEEDING?
I-DEFINITION
• Bleeding, technically known
as hemorrhaging ,is the loss of
blood escaping from the circulatory system.
Bleeding can occur internally, where blood
leaks from blood vessels inside the body, or
externally, either through a natural opening
such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra,
vagina, or anus, or through a break in
the skin.
Classification of bleeding
Capillary Bleeding
Venous Bleeding
Arterial Bleeding
Capillary Bleeding
• Capillaries
are the
smallest
blood
vessels in
your body;
they are
about as
thin as the
hairs on
Capillary Bleeding
• When a minor scrape or cut opens some
capillaries, the bleeding is almost always very
slow and small in quantity. Your body's natural
clotting mechanism is able to stop most cases
of capillary bleeding within seconds to
minutes.
• Blood oozes from the wound
Venous Bleeding
• Deep cuts have the
potential to cut
open veins. A cut
vein typically
results in a steady
but relatively slow
flow of dark red
blood.
• The best way to
stop most cases of
venous bleeding is
Arterial Bleeding
• This is the
least common
and most
dangerous
type of
bleeding. It
involves bright
red blood that
comes out in
large volume,
and in spurts
that
Arterial Bleeding
• In most cases of arterial bleeding, direct
and extremely firm pressure on the wound
is the best way of stopping it. If direct
pressure is not applied, a severe arterial
wound can cause you to bleed to death
within a few minutes.
Comparison
COMMON CAUSES OF BLEEDING
Traumatic Bleeding
Medical Conditions
Medicines
Traumatic Bleeding
• Caused by an injury (can vary
in severity) but most will
cause bleeding to some
degree
TYPES:
• Abrasions that don’t penetrate
below the skin
• Hematoma or bruises collection of blood outside of a
blood vessel giving the skin a
spongy, rubbery, lumpy feel
• Crushing injuries
• Lacerations or incisions
• Puncture wounds (needles or
knives)
• Gunshot wounds
Medical Conditions
• Generally rarer than traumatic bleeding
Includes:
• Hemophilia- bleeding disorder in which
blood doesn’t clot normally
• Leukemia- abnormal increase in the
number of white blood cells
• Liver Disease
• Menorrhagia- abnormal profuse menstrual
flow
• Von Willebrand’s disease- deficiency of
blood clotting protein
• Thrombocytopenia-abnormally low
amount of platelets
• Vit. K Deficiency
• Brain trauma - also known as intracranial
injury, occurs when an external force
Medical Conditions
• Bowel obstruction-mechanical or
functional obstruction of the intestines,
preventing the normal transit of the
products of digestion
• Congestive heart failure- occurs when the
heart isn't able to pump blood normally
• Lung Cancer
• Acute Bronchitis
Medicines
• Some medicines can increase your chances
of bleeding or even causes bleeding
• You will be WARNED about this and
ADVISED WHAT TO DO when you are first
prescribed the medication
Medicines that may be responsible for
bleeding:
• Blood-thinning medications- reduce the
risk of heart attack and stroke by reducing the
formation of blood clots in your arteries and
veins.
• Antibiotics (used in long term basis)
• Radiation therapy
TREATMENT OF
BLEEDING
How to address severe bleeding
• Sanitize your
hands if you
can. If you
have them, put
on
surgical
gloves. This will
help to prevent
infection to the
injured person.
How to address severe bleeding
• Lay the injured person down flat and
elevate the legs or place a pillow under
the body so that the trunk is just slightly
higher than the head. If the wound is in a
limb, elevate the limb.
How to address severe bleeding
• Cover the victim with a blanket, if
possible, to keep body heat in.
How to address severe bleeding
• Remove any debris or dirt from the
bleeding area without removing any
large chunks that may have caused the
damage.
How to address severe bleeding
• Apply pressure
on the bleeding
area
to
stop
severe
bleeding. If you
have a clean cloth
or bandage, use it.
Otherwise,
use
whatever
you
have,
including
your hands. Hold
the pressure for 20
How to address severe bleeding
• Place a pad over
the wound tightly
with the edges of
the wound held
together for a
gaping
wound. Wrap the
wound with a
bandage if you
have one. If not,
use a clean cloth or
whatever else you
have. Bind it with
adhesive tape.
How to address severe bleeding
• Add
cloths
or any other
absorbent
material you
might have if
the bleeding
does
not
stop and is
coming
through the
How to address severe bleeding
• Place
an
ice pack on
the
wounded
area. This
will help to
constrict
blood
vessels,
which
will
How to address severe bleeding
• Locate the artery nearest to the wound
and apply pressure to it, keeping your
fingers flat and against the bone if the
bleeding does not stop.
– In the arm, the pressure points are
located slightly below the inside of the
armpit and slightly above the elbow. You
can also find a pressure point at the
wrist.
– In the leg, the pressure points are in the
How to address severe bleeding
How to address severe bleeding
• Get the
injured
person to the
emergency
room as
quickly as
you can when
the bleeding
has stopped
or continue to
wait for help
Classificationof Bleeding
• Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with
each heart beat
• Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a
steady stream
• Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound
God Bless
STAY HEALTHY, STAY HAPPY!