The meeting of two
letters
(The relationship between two Letters)
• The study of the relationships between letters is
important to learn which letters can merge with
others and under which circumstances.
• The relationship between two meeting letters is
divided into four divisions:
1-Mutamathilan: The Two Like
Each Other )‫(المتماثالن‬
• It means likeness
• They are the two letters that are the same in
characteristic and in articulation point.. This
means they are the exact same letters next to
each other.
• The Rule: Idgham Mutamathilin.
-When the first letter is saakin, and the second
letter is voweled, whether they are in one word
or in two words.
•
We merje the first letter into the second one .
Examples:
ِّ ِّ‫ ا ْذهب ب‬- ‫اضبا‬
ِّ َ‫ إِّذ ذَّهب مغ‬- ُُ‫ فَما رِِّبت تِّـاارُه‬- ْ‫وقَـد َّدخلُوا‬
‫ـكتَايب‬
َ
َ َ
ُ َ َ
ْ ََ ََ َ
There are two exceptions to this
rule
1- when two ”Waaw” and two ”Yaa’” are next
to each other in writing, but one of the
two ”Waaw” ‫ و‬and one of the two ”Yaa’”
‫ ي‬are a medd letter such as in:
ِ ‫وايالص‬
• ‫فيُيوسفي‬
‫ ِ ي‬- ‫ات‬
‫اِل ِي‬
َّ ‫آمنيوا يوع ِمل‬
2-When the first letter is ‫ هاء سكت‬, and this only
occurs once between verses 28, and 29 in surah
Al-Haaqqah
‫مالِي ْهي* هلكي َع ِِّن ُس ْلطَانِّيَ ْه‬
The first: Making the ‫ هاء‬clear with a light stop
with no breath during the stop (this is called
a Sakt ‫) سكت‬.
The second: merging the ‫ هاء سكت‬with the ‫ هاء‬that
follows it.
2- Al-Mutajanisan: The two of
similar nature )‫(المتجانسان‬
• It means similarity
• They are the two letters that have the same
articulation point, but differ in characteristics.
• This occurs when the first of the two letters is
saakin, and the second voweled.
•
The Rule: Idgham Mutajanisin.
The following letters merge into the
letters below them:
• ‫دي– تي– ط‬
• ‫ذي– ثي– ظ‬
• ‫ م‬-‫بي‬
‫‪- We merje the first letter into the‬‬
‫‪second one .‬‬
‫‪• Examples:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اياللي •‬
‫و‬
‫َّع‬
‫تيد‬
‫ل‬
‫ق‬
‫ـ‬
‫ث‬
‫ايأ‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
‫ـ‬
‫ف‬
‫‬‫ةي‬
‫ف‬
‫ي‬
‫ّي ‪ -‬إِذيظَّلميوياْ ‪ -‬ودَّتيطَّـآئ‬
‫قد تَّـب َّ ي‬‫ْ‬
‫َّ‬
‫ّ‬
‫بيمعنا ‪ُ -‬ـلْهثيذَّلِكي‬
‫ْاركي َّ‬
Note:
• If Letter “‫ ”ت‬preceded by letter “‫ ”ط‬that has
Sukoon, in this case we will pronounce Letter
” ‫ ”ط‬without Qalqalah and then pronounce
Ietter ”‫ ”ت‬without Shaddah.
• ‫ بسطتي‬- ‫ فـ َّرطت ْيم‬- ‫فّـ َّرطتي‬- ‫أحطتي‬
• The Rule: Idgham Naqis.
3- Al-Mutaqariban: The two
close
)‫(المتقاربان‬
It means closeness.
•
• They are the two letters that near in the
articulation point and in the characteristics.
• This occurs when the first of the two letters is
saakin, and the second voweled (Mutaharik).
•
The Rule: Idgham Mutaqaribin.
The following letters merge into the
letters beside them:
•
•
‫ق‬
‫ل‬
‫ك‬
‫ر‬
• - We merje the first letter into the second one .
• Examples:
• ُ‫( أََلْ َخْلُقك‬The only word in Quran with Qiraet Imam
Hafs)
• ‫ قُل َّرب‬- ُ‫بَـل َّرفَـ َعه‬
Note:
• There is exeption in this rule in ‫( بَ ْل َران‬Surat AlMutaffifin Ayah 14) there is no Idgham
becouse there’s Sakt in Laam, we pronounce
the ‫ الم‬clear with a light stop with no breath
during the stop (this is called a Sakt ‫ ) سكت‬.
4- Al-Mutabaa’idan: The Two
Far (‫(المتباعدان‬
• It means distant.
• They are the two letters that have distant
articulation point and different characteristics.
• This occurs when the first of the two letters is
saakin, and the second voweled (Mutaharik).
•
The Rule: Idhar.
‫‪Examples:‬‬
‫ولِت ْك ِملوا ‪ -‬ح ْيثي ‪ُ -‬تْملوني‬
With my best wishes
Teacher Moshira