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Culture
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BU 491
FA L L 2 0 2 0
What Is Culture?
Deal/Kennedy (1982)
„The way we do things around here.“
Schein (1984)
„The pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in
learning to cope
with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have
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worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the
correct way Presented
to perceive, by
think and feel in relation to those problems.“
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Hofstede (1986)
“The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or
category of people from another.”
© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Characteristics of Culture
 Culture is shared
 Culture is learned
 Culture is cumulative, but can change over time
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 Culture
is partially observable
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observable
not observable
© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Class Discussion
Which culture(s) do you belong to?
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© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Levels of Culture
•
National culture
•
Industry culture
•
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| YEAR
Organizational
•
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GroupFirst
culture
•
Team culture
•
Family culture
© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Class Discussion
• How would you describe the Canadian culture?
• How would you describe Laurier‘s culture?
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• HowPresented
does the
by Canadian culture influence the Laurier‘s culture?
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© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Cultural Differences
• Were you ever in a situation where you experienced cultural differences?
• Did you ever experience a misunderstanding that occured due to cultural
differences?
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• What could
you
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by have done to prevent this?
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© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Cultural Training Methods
• Culture-general
- didactic (e.g., videos, presentations, readings)
- experiential (e.g., culture-general role play, workshops,
simulations, culture awareness trainings)
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• Culture-specific
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- didactic
(e.g.,bybriefings, language training, readings)
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- experiential (e.g., role play, bicultural simulation, case study)
• What is the advantage to work with artificial cultures in culture-general
training methods?
© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture
1. Power Distance
… indicates the extent to which the members of a society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.
2. Uncertainty Avoidance
… indicates the extent to which the members of a society feel threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations.
3. Individualism / Collectivism
D ATto
E |which
MONTH
| Y E A Rthe members of a society are integrated into groups.
… indicates
extent
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4. Masculinity
/ Femininity
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… indicates
to Name
which Last
extent
a society distinguishes between the roles of genders and to which extent a society
emphasizes feminine values.
5. Long-term Orientation
… indicates the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective
6. Indulgence
... indicates the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses
© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Class Discussion
• What type of culture facilitates innovation?
• If you were the manager of a multinational, in which cultural
environment would you locate your R&D?
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© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
Corporate / Cultural Imperialism
• What is corporate imperialism?
• How does corporate imperialism hinder firms from being
successful in emerging markets?
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• What can MNCs do to overcome the problems of corporate
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imperialism?
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Source: Prahalad / Lieberthal (2003).
© Dr. Nina Rosenbusch
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