Biology Unit 3 Test: Cell Basics
1. Fill in the chart below for the 4 classes of biomolecules. (20 pts)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Name of
Monomer(s)
Name of Polymer
Elements Present
Function(s)
Examples
2. Draw the basic structure of a monosaccharide, then state the molecular formula. (2 pts)
3. Draw the basic structure of an amino acid, then state which group(s) changes from amino acid to amino acid. (4 pts)
4. What are the 5 nitrogenous bases found in DNA/RNA. What are their base-pairing rules? (7 pts)
5. What is the structural difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid? Which is a “good” fat
and why? (4 pts)
6. Fill in the names of the cell organelles in the diagram below (13 pts):
7. Briefly describe the major function(s) of the organelles listed below (8 pts):
a. Cell Membrane –
b. Cytoplasm –
c. Nucleus –
d. Golgi Apparatus –
e. Lysosome –
f. Mitochondria –
g. Endoplasmic Reticulum –
h. Ribosomes –
8. Compare/contrast a prokaryotic cell with a eukaryotic cell. You should have at least 3 items in each column. (9 pts)
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Different
Same
Different
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
3.
9. What are the 3 organelles that plant cells have, that animal cells do not? (3 pts)
1.
2.
3.
10. What are the 2 components of the structure of a virus? (2 pts)
1.
2.
11. Explain the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle of a virus. (4 pts)
12. What is the major component of the cell membrane? Discuss how they are oriented and why they are oriented in
this way. (5 pts)
13. Passive transport does not require ____________________. Active transport does require _____________________
in the form of ___________________. (3 pts)
14. ______________________ is a form of passive transport where small molecules like O2 and CO2 cross the cell
membrane from an area of ________________ concentration to ______________ concentration, down a concentration
_____________________. Transport of molecules continues until concentrations inside and outside of the cell are equal
and the cell is in ___________________________. (5 pts)
15. In the diagrams below, draw arrows to show the direction that water will move across the cell membrane (the
symbols represent solutes (like glucose). (6 pts)
Hypertonic:
Isotonic:
Hypotonic:
16. Explain why red blood cells appear bigger after being exposed to distilled water? What is the process called and why
does it happen? (5 pts)