Security Level: 内部公开
2024/4/28
Training on Aerial Fiber Optical
Cable Engineering
FTTx ODN Service Product R&&D Team
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Contents
Introduction
Engineering Materials and Tools
High level Design and Low level Design
Construction Procedure and Technical Points
Test, Acceptance and Document Delivery
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Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Introduction
Routing the optical cables
This routing technique is
on the pole is called aerial
applicable to the non-backbone
routing.
Application
Definition
optical cables, such as the local
network trunk line engineering,
user cable-distribution
engineering, and access network
aerial
Routing of
Optical
Cable
line engineering.
Compared with the duct routing
• Easy routing mode
mode, the aerial optical cables are
• Convenient maintenance
• Flexible
Advantages
Disadvantages
easy to be affected or damaged by
• Low construction cost
external environment, and to be
• Short construction period.
removed resulting from municipal
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building.
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Page 4
Engineering Topology
TB
ODF
OLT
FDT
SPL
CO
Feeder Cable
ONT
Distribution Cable
Drop Cable
Engineering Procedure:
 Pole planting
 Stay wire installation
 Suspension wire routing
 Optical cable routing
 Equipment installation
 Optical cable splicing
 Acceptance and test
aerial optical cable
installation and protection
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Installation on the pole
Page 5
Contents
Introduction
Engineering Materials and Tools
High Level Design and Low Level Design
Engineering Procedure and Technical Points
Test, Acceptance and Document Delivery
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
Engineering Materials
Pole
7×2.6 mm Steel Strand Wire
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Staying Wire and Anchor
7 × 2.2 mm Steel Strand Wire
Suspension Wire and Hook
Staple Bolt
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Page 7
Aerial Fiber Optical Cables
Outdoor: jelly filling；aluminum tape armor; HDPE sheath;
4/8/12/24/36/48/72/96/144 core; single core; G652D; metal or
non-metallic strengthen member; self-bearing aerial routing.
Outdoor: ADSS optical cable, all dielectric optical cable,
supporting self-bearing routing, resisting high voltage, and
available to be routed on high-voltage poles.
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Outdoor: jelly filling; corrugated steel tape armor; PE inner sheath;
HDPE outer sheath; 4/8/12/24/36/48/72/96/144 core; single core;
G652D; metal strengthen member; non-self-bearing aerial routing.
Outdoor: OPGW optical cable, with anti-electromagnetic inference
capacity and light deadweight, and available to be installed at the
top of the power transmission towers.
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Page 8
Engineering Tools
Tool
Function and Application
Grappler
Engineering personnel use it to climb
poles.
Pulley block
Engineering personnel use it to hang
optical cables up on suspension
wires.
Wire fastener
Fasten suspension wires or stay
wires
5-ton chain hoist
Fasten suspension wires or stay
wires
Other engineering
tools
Common tools for digging holes
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Picture
Page 9
Instruments and Related Materials
Optical time domain reflectometer
Fiber splicer
Stable optical signal tester
Photophone or interphone
Optical fiber identifier
Insulation resistance tester
Earth resistance tester
Absolute ethanol
Optical power meter
Insulation strength tester
Fiber connection tools Cable core connection identifier
Pledget or cellulose paper
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Tent
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Cable barrier tester
1 kW generator
Page 10
Contents
Introduction
Engineering Materials and Tools
High Level Design and Low Level Design
Engineering Procedure and Technical Points
Test, Acceptance and Document Delivery
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 11
Construction Procedure
Design
Construction
Construction
Drawing
Design
Pole
Installation
Optical Cable
Installation
Route survey
Detailed survey
Pole measuring
Make the
detailed
construction
solution
Pole planting
Determine the
construction
solution
Route optical
cables or fasten
them to the
bottom of the
suspension
wires manually
or mechanically
Preliminary
Design
Output BOQ and
deliver it to the
subcontract
department for
investment
assessment
Output the
construction
drawing
Stay wire
installing
Lightning wire
and grounding
wire installing
and suspension
wire routing
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Reserve enough
optical cable on
the pole
Optical Cable
Connection
Lay optical
cable
connectors
within a range
of 50 cm near
the poles
Protect the
connectors
Reserve 20 m
optical cables
on both sides
of the
connectors
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Terminal
Connection
Test and
As-built
Acceptance
Connect enteroffice optical
cables on ODF
Test the
characteristics of
optical fibers
Connect on
closures,
terminal of
distributing
boxes
Make as-built
technical
documents
Protect the
grounding
Page 12
Engineering
acceptance
1. Purposes and Contents
High Level Design
Low Level Design
Purposes:
 Function as the overall tentative plan for the technology
of the engineering project;
 Make engineering budgets to provide the basis for
engineering;
 Determine the investment amount to provide the basis
for engineering bidding invitation.
 Facilitate the completion and the settlement of the
Contents:
 Discuss the engineering construction reasons and
 Put forward the detailed measures (engineering
solutions;
equipment configuration, engineering technical
 Implement type selection of equipment, by adopting
measures) for engineering construction;
major technical measures to analyze and study the
 Work out a cutover scheme for the new and previous
technical and economic specifications and by comparing
construction solution to the project and estimating the
contract signing;
engineering.
Contents:
 Focus on comparing and selecting the overall
 Guide the engineering and provide engineering
standards;
 Prepare for organization and arrangement before
the solutions and selecting a preferred solution;
Purposes:
system;
 Make construction drawings;
 Make engineering budgets;
 Make drawings and budgets of big engineering projects.
investment budget.
Note: HLD is usually prepared prior to the pre-bidding phase. The slides place emphasis on LLD.
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Page 13
2. Preparations for Survey
Start
1
2
Set up
Workshop
3
Hold the design
coordination meeting
Preparations for survey
designing
1. Set up Workshop
Set up the project team according to the project scale and the project distribution
after the project contract is signed.
2. Hold the design coordination meeting
Organize and hold the design coordination meeting to negotiate about the plan for
survey designing, determine the preparatory work, designate relevant leaders.
3. Preparations for survey designing
Make preparations such as collecting area division information, existing network
information, different kinds of maps, obtaining the permission to survey, drawing
the schemes，arranging survey tools, and preliminarily determining the routing
information and installation positions of equipment.
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Page 14
3. Designing
N
4
6
5
On-site detailed
survey
Detailed designing
Review
and approve the
detailed
designing
Y
7
Confirm with
customers in writing
End
4. On-site detailed survey
Determine the following information: routing direction and span, coverage areas of the equipment, information
about obstacles, and the distance from the existing facilities.
5. Detailed designing
The designing covers the details about the following items: aerial optical cable routing, type selection of poles, stay
wires, suspension wires and aerial optical cables, fiber core allocation solution and installation position of the
equipment.
6. Review and approve the detailed designing
The detailed designing is review and approved in two phases. In the first phase, the designing subcontractor
delivers the detailed designing documents to Huawei Planning and Design manager for reviewing and approval. In
the second phase, Huawei delivers the documents to customers for reviewing and approval.
7. Confirm with customers in writing
The written approval of customers about the detailed designing documents indicates the official delivery of the
designing work.
Note: Before designing, make good preparations for the pilot site construction, confirm with customers in writing about the following items: the
designing methods, regulations, concepts, acceptance standard, and content and format of the delivery documents. The work helps avoid the
rework in the follow-up engineering.
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Page 15
4. Designing Tool—iManager MDS6690

Coverage area
User density
Service
requirement
Penetration rate
……

HLD
Network construction
requirements of customers
Integrate Huawei delivery experiences in
the global market:
Automatically finish network planning and
design and make budgets of cost and link loss
Automatically generate multiple solutions
to network construction:
Select the required solution based on the
comparison between the cost and the network
scalability
iManager MDS6690 FTTx Network Designing Tools（only supporting ODN planning and design at present）
 Import GIS map
LLD
Design that satisfies different scenario
 Civil work planning
requirements and utilizes the existing network:
 ODN network designing

 Generate construction
Site survey


drawings
FTTH / FTTB / FTTC / FTTM / FTTO
Optical splitting design that satisfies different
scenario requirements:

High-rise Building / Villa / Multi-story Building

Capacity expansion design and upgrade design that satisfy different requirements

Design that satisfies different protection requirements (Different protection modes can be selected
according to the budget and customer requirements):

Optical fiber backup/ OLT port / link backup/ full backup/ combined backup
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Page 16
5. Design Output
After FTTx network designing tool finishes the engineering design, the tool
automatically outputs different kinds of tables and figures for reference:

Construction drawing of aerial optical
cable engineering

Optical cable routing drawing

Optical fiber routing table

Allocation drawing of equipment
terminals and fiber cores

Estimate table of optical link loss

Equipment list

BOQ of service and product
Generation of plan drawing:
At present, the ODN design is realized by using ODN network planning
and design tools. The tools can generate documents based on the plan
drawing input by the operation personnel. In this way, one-stop
services are available in network construction.
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Contents
Introduction
Engineering Materials and Tools
High Level Design and Low Level Design
Engineer Procedure and Technical Points
Test, Acceptance and Document Delivery
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Huawei Confidential
Page 18
1. Digging Holes
The routing direction of poles, the distance between two adjacent poles, the hole depth, the pole height,
and the position of stay wires shall meet the engineering design requirements. The distance between two
adjacent poles is 35 m to 55 m.
The depth of stay wire hole:
Formation of
the Stay Wire
Normal
Soil
Hard Soil
Paddy Field
litho-Soil
Cement/Asp
halt
7/2.2
1.4 m
1.3 m
1.5 m
1.0 m
0.9 m
7/2.6
1.5 m
1.4 m
1.6 m
1.1 m
1.0 m
7/3.0
1.6 m
1.5 m
1.7 m
1.2 m
1.1 m
Depth of the holes:
Pole Length
Normal Soil
Hard Soil
Paddy Field
litho-Soil
Cement/Asp
halt
7.0 m
1.4 m
1.3 m
1.5 m
1.0 m
0.9 m
8.0 m
1.5 m
1.4 m
1.6 m
1.2 m
1.1 m
9.0 m
1.6 m
1.5 m
1.7 m
1.4 m
1.2 m
10.0m
1.7m
1.6m
1.8m
1.6 m
1.5 m
Note: The preceding data is for reference only. The specific standard shall be based on the local specifications.
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Page 19
2. Planting Poles
Cautions:
• Put several rubbles at the bottom of holes in advance.
• Plant the pole in the hole by manpower or machine under
the sufficient and careful protection.
• During the compaction, first put larger stones, and then the
small one, keep putting while compacting.
• Pay full attention to personnel safety and their coordination.
Material
Selection
Cement pole or
wooden pole
Pole Planting


Design and determine
the position of stay
wires based on
construction drawing.
Dig the hole based on
specifications
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Pole
Calibration
Temporary
Ensure that the
bottom and top
of a pole are in a
straight line.
Make protection
for the newly
planted poles
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Protection
Page 20
3. Installing Stay Wires
Used to balance the line stress to
ensure the stability of the pole.
The types of stay wires are
diagonal single stay wires, double
stay wires, quadruple stay wires,
stay poles, and stay wires with a
high pile.
Function
Technique Point
 The angle of the line shall be
between 30° and 60°. The
formation of stay wires shall be
one-level higher than that of
suspension wires (7 x 2.6 mm).
 When the angle of the line is larger
than 60°, a new stay wire is
added and the formation of stay
wires shall be one-level higher
than that of suspension wires (7 x
2.6 mm).
 Set quadruple stay wires every 16
poles.
 When stay wires cannot be
installed, use stay poles or stay
wires with a high pile instead of
them.
Composition
Stay wires consist of anchor, steel strand,
liner ring, and double-trough splint.
Note: The preceding data is for reference only. The specific standard shall be based on the local specifications.
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Page 21
4. Routing Suspension Wires
Function: Support the aerial optical cables
Composition: Steel strand wire, Three-hole single-groove splint, and iron hoop
Material Selection
The 7x2.2/2.6/3.0 galvanized
steel strands are usually used as
suspension wires. The optical
cable hooks are usually made of
galvanized metal parts or plastic
parts. Splints and iron hoops
need to be galvanized.
Suspension Wire
Check

Coil the steel strand as
figure-8, that is, first coiling
in one direction of 1 km, and
then the other direction of 1
km.
Auxiliary Fastening
Hang and drag the
After fastening the
suspension wire by the
suspension wires, tighten
them with proper tightness
thick rope.

Figure-8 Coiling
Strike the steel strand
that meets the requirement.
wire
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Suspension
Wire Routing
The maximum sag of the
suspension wire is in direct
proportion to the span of the
poles. aerial optical cable is
fixed by iron hoops to the
single suspension wire.
Suspension Wire
Tightening
• Suspension wires shall be
tightened by mechanical
method.
• For the straight line, tighten
one time every 500 m. For
the curved line, tighten at
the place where an angle
pole stands.
Page 22
5. Routing the Aerial Fiber Optical Cable
Procedure:
1) Checking the cable
drum
Check the package of the
cable drum and the A/B
port level of the optical
cables.
 Check the physical
features of the optical
cable.
 Use the OTDR meter to
test the attenuation and
the length of every
delivered cable drum
2）Configuring the optical
cable

3）Hanging the Optical
4）Reserving the Optical
Cable
Cable
Choose proper hooks to fix
the suspended aerial optical
cables. The pattern of the
hooks is determined by the
design.

The interval between two
hooks is 50 cm with 3 cm
deviation. The first hook on
each side of the pole is 25
cm far from the splint of the
suspension wire with 2 cm
deviation.

Select the routing areas to
reduce the connectors
based on the length of the
delivered cable drum.
 Consider the construction
condition of the optical
cable connectors .

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Reserve proper optical
cables based on the
specification and design
requirements.

Connectors of the optical
cables shall be put near
or on the poles.

6.Installing Equipment
ODF Installation
FDT Installation
Closure Installation
FAT Installation

The OSP equipment to be installed contains ODF, FDT, FAT, and closure.

For the steps of Huawei ODN equipment installation, download the installation
pocket manual on the W3 website based on the product type.

For the steps of non-Huawei equipment installation, customers shall provide the
installation guide.
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Page 24
7. Splicing Optical Cables: Construction Procedure
Copper
Conducting Wire
Connection
Preparation
Fiber
Splicing
Fiber
Coiling
On the basis that the
length of the
reserved optical
cables meets the
requirements, the
stripping length is
determined by the
optical cable
structure, selected
equipment and
relevant technologies.
• Prepare for splicer.
• Make bare optical
fiber.
• Put on heat-shrink
pipe on the fiber.
• Splice the optical
fiber
• Heat the heatshrink pipe.
After the splicing, coil
Peel optical
cables.
Clean fiber
cores.
the extra fibers in the
fiber drum to ensure
that the coiling
direction is the same
and the curvature
radius of the drum
meets the
Strength
Member
Connection
If the optical cables
contain copper
conducting wires,
they can be
connected by
wrapping,
soldering or
Clamp the strength
member based on
the closure to
ensure that it can
bear the same
tensile force as
the optical cables.
Equipment
Encapsulation
• Place desiccants in
the aerial protective
cap.
• The junction of the
aerial closure
needs to be
moisture-free.
connectors.
requirements.
Cut optical
fibers.
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Splice optical
fibers.
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Fix optical
cables.
Page 25
Install connector
boxes.
8. Protecting the Optical Cable: Lightning-Proof
•
To protect the aerial optical cables, lightning wires shall be installed on the following poles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Terminal poles, the five poles near the central office
Angle poles, poles that are more than 12 m high
Poles that stand on the top of hills
Poles that stand in the areas abundant in thunder-storm
Every five-to-ten poles
Old poles that re-suffer from lightning stroke
• Grounding the lightning wire:
•
Lightning wire is usually made of 4 mm-diameter galvanized iron wire with, of which the
upper side is 10 cm higher than the top of the pole and the lower side can be soldered
to directly connect to the ground wire.
•
For the poles with stay wires, the 4 mm-diameter galvanized iron wire is used as the
lightning wire on the top, but its lower part is connected to the stay wires.
• Grounding resistance:
•
Grounding resistance is about 20 to 35 ohms.
Note: The preceding data is for reference only. The specific standard shall be based on the local specifications.
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Page 26
9. Numbering the Poles
Number the poles to
facilitate the maintenance.
Purpose
Mark the number on the
pole as the routing
direction.
The marked number shall
be normative, clear, and
enduring.
Method
Note
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Page 27
10. Risks of the Aerial F. O. Cable Engineering
For the construction in the area with poor
transport facilities, it is necessary to consider the
construction period delayed and cost raised by
the transportation
Transport
Due to the construction
period, cost, and engineering
quality of the aerial optical
cable are varied on different
geography, so it is necessary
to adjust the construction
according to specific
geography.
Climate
Geography
Climate has an effect on the
construction period and cost. In
addition, different climate has
different requirements for the
design and material.
Risks
As an important factor,
subsidy implementation shall
be based on the relevant laws
and regulations during the
design and construction.
Material
Subsidy
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The material provider must obtain
a certification, because the
material quality has a direct effect
on the construction period, quality
hazard and engineering cost.
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Page 28
Contents
Introduction
Engineer Materials and Tools
High Level Design and Low Level Design
Engineering Procedure and Technical Points
Test, Acceptance and Document Delivery
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Huawei Confidential
Page 29
Engineering Testing and Acceptance
Engineering Testing
and Acceptance
On site check:
 Pole planting
 Stay wire installation
 Suspension wire inst
allation
 Optical cable routing
Testing:
 Features of the optical fiber
 Electrical features
Check on completion:
 Engineering completion
drawing
 Records of optical cable
test
 Records of electrical test
 Other materials
Note: The items to be tested and accepted shall be determined based on
relevant acceptance standards and design requirements.
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On Site Acceptance
Pole Check
1. Position of poles and depth of holes
2. Sag of poles
3. Position of angle poles
4. Specification and quality of the equipment
installed at the bottom of the pole
5. Compaction around the poles
6. Pole ID
Aerial Optical Cable Check
Stay Wire Check
1. Specification and formation of
optical cables
2. Interval between hooks
3. Quality of optical cable routing
4. Quality of optical cable splicing
1. Specification, formation, and quality of
the stay wires
2. Direction of the stay wires and
specification of fastening
3. Quality of anchors involving its
production and its burying depth
4. Backfill the stay wire holes
5. Spacing-height ratio of stay wires or
stay bars
1. Specification of suspension wires
6. Specification and quality of the stay
bars
7. Specification and quality
of the junction between
2. Installation position
3. Quality of joint part
4. Quality of the accessory equipment
of suspension wires
stay bars and poles
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Suspension Wire Check
5. Installation quality and protection of
and for optical cable connectors
6. Quality of reserved optical cables
and its bending radius
7. Safe distance from other equipment
5. Sag of suspension wires
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Testing
Optical Fiber Feature Testing
① Contents:
• Optical fiber attenuation
• Average connector loss of the optical
fiber
• Backscatter signal curve of the optical
fiber
② Requirements for the tested data
• The attenuation value of the optical fiber
shall be the average of the values of
dual-directional tests.
• No exception occurs to the backscatter
signal curve.
• Record all the specific test results
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Electrical Performance Testing
(Optional)
① Contents:
• Test the DC resistance of the copper
conductor.
• Test the insulation resistance of the
copper conductor
• Test the grounding resistance
② Requirements for the tested data
• The tested value shall comply with the
standard of the copper conductor
performance
• The grounding resistance of the
grounding cable is 20-35 ohms.
• Record all the specific
test results
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Page 32
Completion Acceptance: Technical Documents
Optical cable routing drawing,
topology drawing, and fiber core
allocation drawing.
1
Completion Drawing
Completion Test
Record of the
Optical Cable
2
Records of fiber attenuation
statistics, connector loss test, line
attenuation test, and backscatter
signal curve check
Electrical Test Record
Other Information
3
Records of sheath ground insulation
resistance test, grounding resistance
test, and loop resistance test.
4
•
•
•
•
Notification of design modification
Reports of commencement, suspension, return to work, and completion
Engineering negotiation summary
Concealed work visa and tables are all executed based on the regulations agreed with the customers.
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Page 33
Thank you
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