International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 4 Issue 6, September-October 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
Study of Improve Power Quality Issue through
Different Load Combinations Parameters
Sadaf Husain1, Syed Waseem Ali2
1PG
Scholar, 2Head and Associate Professor,
1,2Department of Electrical Engineering, CIST, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
How to cite this paper: Sadaf Husain |
Syed Waseem Ali "Study of Improve
Power Quality Issue through Different
Load
Combinations
Parameters"
Published
in
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research
and
Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 24566470, Volume-4 |
IJTSRD33691
Issue-6,
October
2020,
pp.1409-1413,
URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33691.pdf
ABSTRACT
The term electric force quality extensively alludes to keeping up an almost
sinusoidal force circulation transport voltage at evaluated greatness and
recurrence. What's more, the energy provided to a purchaser must be
continuous from dependability perspective. Despite the fact that power quality
is basically a dissemination framework issue, power transmission framework
may likewise have sway on nature of intensity. Reasons for power quality
crumbling are clarified in next segment. With the ever increasing utilization of
modern controls and hardware in mechanical, business, institutional, and
legislative offices, the progression, dependability, and nature of electrical
assistance has gotten very pivotal to many force clients. Electrical frameworks
are dependent upon a wide assortment of intensity quality issues which can
intrude on creation measures, influence delicate gear, and cause vacation,
scrap, and limit misfortunes. Transient voltage changes can grievously affect
creation broadened blackouts have a more prominent effect. Many force
quality issues are effortlessly recognized once a decent portrayal of the issues
is gotten. Shockingly, the pressures brought about by power issues regularly
bring about unclear or excessively emotional portrayals of the issue. At the
point when power issues occur, one must attempt to take note of the specific
season of the event, its impact on electrical hardware, and any as of late
introduced gear that might have acquainted issues with the framework.
Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of
the
Creative
Commons Attribution
License
(CC
BY
4.0)
KEYWORDS: Voltage, Magnitude, Power Quality
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
1. INTRODUCTION
In the course of recent years, the gigantic increment in the
utilization of non-straight loads emerges many force quality
issues like high current sounds, voltage distortion and low
force factor and so on electrical framework [1]. Hence the
expansion of non-direct burden in framework generates
harmonic flows infusing into the AC electrical cables. This
distorted gracefully voltage and current causes malfunction
of some assurance gadgets, consuming of transformers and
motors, overheating of links. Subsequently it is most
important to introduce repaying gadgets for the pay of
harmonic flows and voltages delivered because of nonlinear
burden. Customarily, inactive force channels have been used
as a remunerating gadget, to repay distortion generated by
steady non-direct loads. These filters[2] are intended to give
a low impedance way for harmonics and keeping up great
force quality with a simplest plan and ease. Nonetheless,
aloof filters have a few bad marks like mistuning,
reverberation, reliance on the states of the force flexibly
framework and large estimations of inactive part that
prompting bulky implementations.
The term electric force quality comprehensively alludes to
keeping up an almost sinusoidal force dissemination
transport voltage at appraised size and recurrence.
Furthermore, the energy provided to a customer must be
continuous from unwavering quality perspective. In spite of
the fact that power quality is predominantly an
appropriation framework issue, power transmission
@ IJTSRD
|
Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33691
|
framework may likewise have sway on nature of intensity.
Reasons for power quality decay are clarified in next
segment.
With the ever increasing utilization of complex controls and
gear in mechanical, business, institutional, and legislative
offices, the coherence, dependability, and nature of electrical
help has gotten amazingly vital to many force clients.
Electrical frameworks are dependent upon a wide
assortment of intensity quality issues which can intrude on
creation measures, influence delicate hardware, and cause
personal time, scrap, and limit misfortunes. Flashing voltage
vacillations can heartbreakingly affect creation broadened
blackouts have a more prominent effect.
Many force quality issues are handily recognized once a
decent depiction of the issues is acquired. Shockingly, the
pressures brought about by power issues frequently bring
about ambiguous or excessively sensational portrayals of the
issue. At the point when power issues occur, one must
attempt to take note of the specific season of the event, its
impact on electrical hardware, and any as of late introduced
gear that might have acquainted issues with the framework.
2. BACKGROUND
Force gadgets based gadgets/types of gear are a significant
key part of today’s advanced force handling, at the
transmission just as the conveyance level because of the
Volume – 4 | Issue – 6
|
September-October 2020
Page 1409
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
various points of interest offered by them. These gadgets,
equipments, nonlinear load including soaked transformers,
circular segment heaters and semiconductor switches, etc,
draw non-sinusoidal flows from the utility. Thusly a typical
power appropriation framework needs to manage sounds
and responsive force uphold.
The voltage control issues can be characterized as the
affirmation of keeping up electric power quality for all
customers [4]. Unsettling influences like over-voltage, undervoltage, voltage unbalance, and voltage symphonious
mutilation influence the force quality which imposes to
control the voltage to dodge such issues. The two
methodologies of voltage control are the disconnected
control that relies upon a dispatch plan early as a forecast of
the voltage changes; and the on-line (programmed) that
relies upon genuine time measurements of the voltage.
Additionally, the dynamic organization the executives of a
force framework might be classified into coordinated
control, semi-facilitated or decentralized control procedures.
As referenced in [5], incorporated or composed control
technique gives voltage control from the substation towards
the remainder of the organization. Then again, the semifacilitated and decentralized control techniques must have
the option to control every unit locally in an active manner
while planning it with a predetermined number of other
organization gadgets.
According to [6], the voltage drop on a line between the
source transport bar and the heap is calculated via
Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) transfer utilizing the
information current and the impedance estimation of the
line. The transfer changes the control boundary to increment
or compensate the source transport bar voltage by a sum
equivalent to the determined voltage drop. The impedance of
a line probably won't be exact since there may be a few
branches extending from one feeder like in tree network
game plan. Likewise, the AVC relay can have one feeder
opposition (R) and reactance (X) setting albeit most
substations have various feeders. So as to determine these
weaknesses, the R and X settings on the LDC depends on a
theoretical composite feeder model that needs to cook for
the worst combination of requests on every one of the
feeders.
In [7], the creators present an outline of the current OLTC
control plans utilized to control the voltage at dissemination
organization. The creators sum up the tasks and
coordination of the OLTCs in the full electric organization
from the transmission up to the distribution side.
The creators in [8] proposed a calculation to control the
voltage of every hub by determining the sending voltage of
the substation in a specific time segment, the tap location of
the progression voltage controller, the on-off conditions of
the shunt capacitor, and the capacity of the static VAR
compensator.
The creators in [9] attempted to fathom the issue of bidirectional force stream emerging from the insertion of DG.
The paper presents another OLTC voltage control procedure
for use on networks where DG is associated. The
programmed pay technique has been proposed where the
voltage setting point alters as per the course of the
transformer current.
@ IJTSRD
|
Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33691
|
Different techniques, as fluffy rationale, have been associated
with OLTC to control the voltage. The creators in [9]
proposed another voltage control conspire for local location
networks in Saudi Arabia dependent on Fuzzy rationale. A
calculation has been proposed to change over the linguistic
control procedure gave by fluffy rationale, which depends on
master knowledge, into a programmed control technique.
Despite the fact that the above writing gives a few ways to
deal with control the voltage using step-voltage controllers
and OLTCs, the audits rely upon guage information or static
power stream conditions which mostly don't give the precise
outcomes because of load fluctuations at the dispersion side.
In [10], an online voltage control methodology for a sensible
dispersion framework is proposed. This procedure limits the
operational clashes while augmenting the voltage regulation
support by DG. The proposed control framework in this
paper depends on refreshing the reference voltage of DG
excitation control and impeding the synchronous operations
between DG voltage control module and step-voltage
controller (SVR) taps in genuine time. An calculation is
utilized to tune the control settings of DG voltage control
module, control settings of SVR, and substation OLTC nearby
regulators.
3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The force quality issues are produced due to the broadly
utilization of nonlinear and dynamic loads and shifted issues
in power matrix. Additionally, the controlling gadgets and
electronic gadgets dependent on PC innovation request more
significant levels of intensity quality. These sorts of gadgets
are touchy to little changes of intensity quality; a short time
correction on PQ will cause extraordinary prudent
misfortunes. Because of the two reasons referenced above,
notwithstanding for the force business, hardware producers
or for electrical force clients, power quality issues had
become an issue of quickening interest. Under the
circumstance of the liberating of intensity industry and
serious market, as the primary character of item, power
quality can affect the estimation of intensity legitimately in
not so distant future.
4. METHODOLOGY
As an answer for the latent channel impediments, dynamic
force channels (APFs) are introduced and explored. It
comprises of a functioning exchanging gadget and
uninvolved energy storage devices, for example, inductors
and capacitors to give predominant pay characteristics such
as voltage and current sounds, voltages unbalance pay to
utilities, and current awkwardness pay to shoppers.
Moreover, it gives moderation for reactive force, impartial
current, changing line impedance, variety in recurrence and
eradication for voltage score, unexpected voltage contortion,
smothering voltage flicker, transient unsettling influences,
voltage balance and power factor improvement.
It delineates the essential remuneration standard of the
three-stage shunt APF to eliminate the current sounds. By
and large, the APFs are installed in a shunt position close to
the non-direct burden to remunerate the impact of
harmonics non-linearity. The current sounds are created by
the non-direct burden and travels back towards the source
or matrix. The capacity of the APF is to dispense with these
harmonics by infusing the receptive current or remunerating
current at the PCC and protect the utility. It produces the
Volume – 4 | Issue – 6
|
September-October 2020
Page 1410
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
opposite music as perfect representation to the load
nonlinearities symphonious, dropping current sounds and
leaving the fundamental component to make the source
current simply sinusoidal.
Merit of Active Power Filters
Harmonic reduction
Reduction of three-phase neutral return current
Impact minimization upon the distribution transformer
Power factor improvement
Voltage regulation
Automatically adapts to changes in the ac network and
load fluctuation. Eliminating risk of resonance between
filters and network impedance.
5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The whole work is simulated in MATLAB software. Table 1 shows the simulation parameter used in this work. The whole
simulation is run for 2 sec.
Table 1: SIMULINK Parameter Used in Proposed Work
System Parameter
Value
Source Voltage (Vrms) 220 V
System frequency
50Hz
Line Parameter
Ls=0.1 mH, Rs= 0.1Ω
Passive inductance
L= 0.4mH
Coupling Inductor
Lf= 2mH
DC Side Capacitor
11µF
kp
0.1
Ki
1
Non-Linear Load
L=3mH, R=30Ω
Ra=50Ω, L=1mH
Rb=50Ω, C=1µF
Unbalanced Load
Rc=10Ω
It shows the neutral current waveform. Here the output clearly shows that without application of SAPLC the amplitude of
neutral current is high. At t= 1 when the proposed SAPLC is operated the current get suppressed.
Figure 1: Current Evaluation
Figure 2: Grid Current without Proposed Work
@ IJTSRD
|
Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33691
|
Volume – 4 | Issue – 6
|
September-October 2020
Page 1411
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Figure 3: FFT analysis with Time
The current get increases when the proposed SAPLC is applied to the unbalanced system. These show the FFT analysis of the
grid side current of the proposed system with and without proposed SAPLC.
Figure 4: FFT analysis of Grid Side Current with SAPLC
Here from the figures. it is clearly seen that the THD of the system get improved from 27.93% to 0.33% with the application of
proposed SAPLC. These shows the Load side Current without SAPLC and with SAPLC.
Figure 5: Load Bus Current with SAPLC
The fluctuation of the load current is clearly seen in the figure. Due to compensation of the neutral current the load current get
changed.
@ IJTSRD
|
Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33691
|
Volume – 4 | Issue – 6
|
September-October 2020
Page 1412
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
A three stage four wire framework based conveyance
framework is constantly associated with various burdens in
the force framework. Here in each phase is associated with
the indistinguishable client with fluctuating burden. Because
of ordinary utilization of non-direct burden power quality
issue produce in the feeder. The unbalance in the framework
produces impartial current in the feeder which is dangerous
for the dispersion framework. It causes a few issues in the
appropriation framework.
In future there are numerous angles where the specialists
can accomplish work. A portion of things to come extent of
this proposed work is as:
A. The use of the proposed work is actualized in the
equipment for little size of intensity dispersion
organization.
B. The acknowledgment of the other dynamic force gadgets
like DVR and APF for limiting of intensity dispersal work
can be consider later on.
C. Implementation of FPGA based custom force regulator
later on for more exact the presentation of the
framework.
[3]
M. Ali, E. Laboure, and F. Costa, “Integrated active
filter for differential-mode noise suppression,” Power
Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 29, no. 3, pp.
1053–1057, 2014.
[4]
E. R. Ribeiro and I. Barbi, “Harmonic voltage reduction
using a series active filter under different load
conditions,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,
vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1394–1402,2006
[5]
MERAL E. M., “Voltage quality enhancement with
custom power park”, Ph.D. Thesis, Çukurova
University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science
2009.
[6]
SANNINO A., SVENSSON J., LARSSONT., ”Power
electronic solutions to power quality problems”.
Electric Power Systems Research, 66(1): pp. 71-82
2003.
[7]
CHEN S., “DSP based control of static power quality
compensators in industrial power systems”, Ph.D.
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia
University, Canada 2005.
[8]
SABIN D. D., SANNINO A., “A summary of the draft
IEEE P1409 custom power application guide”, IEEE
PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Exposition, vol. 3, pp. 931-936 2003.
[9]
GHOSH A., LEDWICH G., “Power quality enhancement
using custom power devices”, Springer, Power
Electronics and Power Systems Series, 432 pages
2002.
[10]
Limongi, L. R., da Silva, L. R., Genu, L. G. B., Bradaschia,
F., & Cavalcanti, M. C. “Transformer less Hybrid Power
Filter Based on a Six-Switch Two-Leg Inverter for
Improved Harmonic Compensation Performance”,
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(1),
40-51 2015.
Here in the proposed work utilizes two levels VSI geography,
in future staggered inverter based geography is utilized for
consonant disposal strategy.
REFERENCES
[1] Z. Zeng, H. Yang, S. Tang, and R. Zhao, “Objectiveoriented
power
quality
compensation
of
multifunctional grid-tied inverters and its application
in micro grids,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions
on, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1255–1265, 2015.
[2]
A. B. Nassif, W. Xu, and W. Freitas, “An investigation
on the selection of filter topologies for passive filter
applications,” Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on,
vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1710–1718,2009.
@ IJTSRD
|
Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33691
|
Volume – 4 | Issue – 6
|
September-October 2020
Page 1413