Korean 2 Grammar List
Grammar
–고
Meaning
• “and”
• conjunction particle
used to link 2 main
clauses
• can be used to link
clauses with the
same subject or with
different subjects
• used with Adj, V,
있다 / 없다, and ‘N+
그런데
Format
Example
nd
1st clause w/ Adj.St고 2 clause
춥다: 춥 + 고 → 춥고
오늘은 춥고 비가 와요.
– Today is cold and raining.
1st clause w/ V.St고 2nd clause
하다: 하 + 고 → 하고
저는 여행을 하고 한국에 갔다 왔어요.
– I travelled and have been to Korea
(went and came back).
N+ –이다:
–이다/–아니다’
• tense is expressed
only in the last/
ending verb or
adjective
1st clause w/ N이고 2nd clause
(if N ends in a consonant)
1st clause w/ N고 2nd clause
(if N ends in a vowel)
1st clause w/N이 아니고 2nd clause
(if N ends in a consonant)
1st clause w/N가 아니고 2nd clause
(if N ends in a vowel)
사람이다: 사람이 + 고 → 사람이고
• “but”, “by the way”
• indicates that the
following sentence
will be in contrast to
the previous one
• shortened to 근데
(colloquial
contraction)
1st sentence. 그런데 2nd sentence.
저는 낚시를 좋아해요. 그런데 투이
저는 한국 사람이고 토야 씨는 몽골
사람이에요.
– I am Korean and Tui is Mongolian.
씨는 등산을 좋아해요.
– I like fishing. But Tui likes hiking.
이번 주에는 즘 바빠요. 그런데 다음
주에는 시간이 있어요.
– I'm busy this week. But I have time next
week.
괜찮아요. 그런데 마크 씨는 언제 와요?
– It’s okay. By the way, when is Mark
coming?
정말 맛있네요. 그런데 유키 씨는 이번
방학에 뭐 했어요?
– It's really good. By the way, what did
you do this vacation, Yuki?
못
• “cannot”, “unable to”
• placed in front of V to
express impossibility,
strong denial or
refusal
• expresses that you’re
unable to do the
activity
• also expresses that
the situation
prevents you from
being able to do the
activity
• expresses same idea
as ‘ –지 못해요’
Verbs w/ 하다0:
못하다
미안해요. 저는 수영을 못해요.
– I'm sorry. I can't swim.
저는 태국어를 못해요.
– I can't speak Thai.
Other verbs:
못 Verb
아파서 어제는 학교에 못 갔어요.
– I couldn't go to school yesterday
because I was sick.
이번 주에는 영화를 못 봐요. 월요일에
시험이 있어요.
– I can't watch a movie this week. I have
a test on Monday
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–아서 /
–어서 /
해서
• “so”, “because”
• used with Adj, V,
있다 / 없다, and ‘N+
–이다 / –아니다’
• indicates that the
preceding clause is
the cause of the
following clause
• –아서: if last vowel is
reason아서 / 어서 / 해서 action/state.
If last vowel of Adj or V isㅏ or ㅗ:
많다: 많 + 아서→ 많아서
Adj.St + 아서 → Adj.St아서
일이 너무 많아서 쇼핑을 거의 안 해요.
V.St + 아서 → V.St아서
(reason)
(action/state)
I have so much work to do, so I rarely go
shopping.
일어나다: 일어나 + 아서→ 일어나서
아침에 늦게 일어나서 늦게 늦었어요.
ㅏ, or ㅗ
(reason)
(action/state)
I woke up late this morning, so I was late.
• –어서: if last vowel is
NOT ㅏ, or ㅗ
좋다: 좋 + 아서→ 좋아서
• 해서: if Adj or Verb
건강에 좋아서 테니스를 자주 쳐요.
ends in 하다
• tense is expressed
only in the last/
ending verb or
adjective, not with –
아서 / –어서 / 해서
(reason)
(action/state)
It’s good for my health, so I play tennis
often.
오다: 오 + 아서→ 와서
비가 와서 우산을 쓰고 갔어요.
(reason)
(action/state)
It rained, so I used an umbrella.
If last vowel of Adj or V is NOT ㅏ or
먹다: 먹 + 어서→ 먹어서
ㅗ:
너무 많이 먹어서 배가 아파요.
Adj.St + 어서 → Adj.St어서
V.St + 어서 → V.St어서
(reason)
(action/state)
I ate too much, so my stomach hurts.
재미있다: 재미있 + 어서→재미있어서
영화가 재미있어서 극장에 가끔 가요.
(reason)
(action/state)
Movies are fun, so I sometimes go to the
cinema.
If Adj or V ends in 하다:
공부하다: 공부를 하 – ‘하’ + 해서
Adj.St – ‘하’ + 해서 → Adj.St해서
→공부를 해서
V.St – ‘하’ + 해서 → V.St해서
열심히 공부를 해서 일등을 했어요.
(reason)
(action/state)
I studied hard, so I won first place.
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㅡ’:
바쁘다: 바쁘 – ‘ㅡ’ + 아서 →바빠서
Adj.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 아서→ Adj.St아서
바빠서 극장에 안 가요.
Adj.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 어서→ Adj.St어서
(reason) (action/state)
V.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 아서→ V.St아서
I am busy, so I don’t go to the cinema.
V.St – ‘ㅡ’ + 어서→ V.St 어서
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘르’:
모르다: 모르 – ‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→ 몰라서
Adj.St–‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→Adj.St라서
몰라서 선생님한테 몰어봤어요.
Adj.St –‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→Adj.St러서
(reason)
V.St – ‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→V.St라서
(action/state)
I didn’t know, so I asked the teacher.
V.St – ‘ㅡ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→V.St러서
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–아서 /
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㄷ’:
걷다: 걷 – ‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→ 걸어서
–어서 /
Adj.St–‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→Adj.St아서
많이 걸어서 다리가 아파요.
해서
(cont.)
Adj.St –‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→Adj.St어서
V.St – ‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+아서→V.St아서
(reason)
(action/state)
I walked a lot, so my legs hurt.
V.St – ‘ㄷ’+‘ㄹ’+어서→V.St 어서
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㅂ’:
덥다: 덥 – ‘ㅂ’+‘우’+어서→ 두워서
Adj.St–‘ㅂ’+‘우’+아서→Adj.St아서
두워서 창문을 열었어요.
Adj.St –‘ㅂ’+‘우’+어서→Adj.St워서
(reason)
V.St – ‘ㅂ’+‘우’+아서→V.St아서
(action/state)
It was hot, so I asked the teacher.
V.St – ‘ㅂ’+‘우’+어서→V.St 워서
–(으)ㄹ래요
무슨
• “will”, “going to”,
“intend to”
• used with V
• expresses the
speaker’s intention,
purpose or thought
(1st person tense)
• also asks the
listener’s intention,
purpose or thought
(2nd person tense)
• casual expression
used with people of
same level/age or
lower
• if used with
strangers, elders or
people in higher
position, attach the
honorific suffix ‘시’
V.St + 을래요 →V.St을래요
(if V.St ends in a consonant)
저는 불고기를 먹을래요.
I will (intend to) eat bulgogi.
V.St + ㄹ래요 →V.Stㄹ래요
(if V.St ends in a vowel)
오늘은 좀 피곤해서 집에서 숼래요.
I am a little tired today, so I am going to
(intend to) stay home.
• “what kind of”
• always followed by a
N
무슨 N
Irregular Adj or V ending with ‘ㄹ’
V.St + 래요 →V.St래요
이제 뭐 할래요?
What will you do now?
(What do you intend to do now?)
오늘도 도서관에 갈래요?
Will you go to the library today?
(Do you intend to go to the library
today?)
주말에 영화를 볼래요?
Will you watch a movie this weekend?
(Do you intend to watch a movie this
weekend?)
민수 씨는 무슨 음식을 좋아해요?
투이 씨는 무슨 일을 해요?
타완 씨는무슨 운동을 해요?
그것은 무슨
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I’m Anna Laraño
It’s a massive opportunity for me as a person
Open doors get noticed
Reassurance to get an extra push
when it comes to writing codes, we won’t always get it right the first time around, sometimes, even the second or third
time around.
Not being able to uplift
Opportunity
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