Ethio-Parents’ School
(Gerji Branch)
2013 E.C Academic Year
Biology For Grade 7
First Semester,
First and second week program
Unit one
biology and technology
Introduction
Science is a systematic method of gaining
knowledge about the natural world and the social
aspect of human society. It is generally divided in to
natural and social science.
Relationship of biology and technology
Biology and Technology are interrelated in that:
 Biology is the science that deals with living things. On the
other hand,
Technology is the science which includes the use of
materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make
life easier or more pleasant and work more productive.
Biology helps the society in the fields of medicine,
agriculture, environment, population control and many more.
For this to be achieved, biology requires the knowledge of
technological innovations.
WHAT IS BIOLOGY?
• Biology is the study of living things.
Biologists are people who study biology or
about living things.
The word biology is derived from two Greek
words Bios means life,
logos means knowledge (study).
Living things range from tiny organisms like
bacteria to very large organisms.
Branches of Biology
Biology is a vast subject containing many
sub division, topics, and disciplines.
The three main branches of biology are:
Zoology (animals),
Botany (plants), and
Microbiology (microorganisms).
Exercise 1
• Give the right answer for the following questions (do
the questions on your exercise book)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define what science is?
How science is studied?
Describe the relationship between biology and technology?
What is technology?
Differentiate biology and biologist?
Describe the following terms?
A.
B.
C.
Zoology
Botany
microbiology
Sub disciplines of biology
 Physiology: the study of the functions of living organisms and their
parts
 Anatomy; study of the animal form, particularly human body
 Morphology;deals with the form and structure of living organisms.
 Taxonomy;deals with systematic classification,naming and
identification of organism
 Cytology;the study of cells at the microscopic or at the molecular
level
 Histology;the study of tissues of organisms
 Genetics;a science that deals with heredity and identity
 Evolution;the study of the origin and gradual change of organisms
in time.
 Ecology ;the scientific study of the relationships between plants,
animals, and their environment
Conti…
• Mycology; the study of fungi
• Parasitology ; the study of parasites and
parasitism
• Pathology; the study of the nature of disease
and its causes, processes, development, and
consequences
• Entomology; the scientific study of insects
• Ornithology; the study of birds
The Relationship of Biology with
Other Sciences
Physics
Mathematics
Chemistry
Geography
Branches of science are related to each other.
Biology requires knowledge from other fields
of science to understand about processes in
living things.
Exercise 2( do the questions on your exercise book)
•
1.
2.
3.
•
1.
Write true if the statement is correct and false if it is incorrect.
Biology is not related with geography and physics.
Biology science doesn’t interact with other fields of study
Anatomy is the study of tissue and cells of plants.
Fill in the blank space with correct terms or phrases
---------Is the study of the gradual change and development of
organisms
2. Disease and their causes are studied by---------fields of
biology.
Second week program
• Chemistry - deals with the composition, structure,
reactions and properties of matter.
• Biology -is the science of life and of living organisms,
including their structure, function, growth, origin,
evolution, and distribution.
• Physics - study of matter and energy and the interaction
between them.
• Geography - deals with the distribution and
arrangements of living and non-living things.
• Mathematics-to determine the measurement parameters
of something in which “biology” deals with the
qualitative and quantitative aspects of life.
Industries That Utilizes Biological Knowledge
• Different areas of human activity utilize directly or indirectly the
knowledge from all branches of biology. Those activities include
 agriculture,
 medicine, and
 food industries.
Agriculture
• Agriculture is one of the human activities to which biological
knowledge and skills are very essential in
 cultivation of soil,
 growing and harvesting crops,
 breeding and raising livestock,
 dairying, and
 forestry.
Cont…
Figure 1.4 Different agricultural activities. A) Dairy cow B) Spraying pesticide to crop
plantation C) Ploghing with tractor D) Crop plantation
Cont…
Biological knowledge is: Essential to understand the role of nutrients in plant
growth.
 Important to study growth requirements of crops,
analyze Soil composition and design way of increasing
productivity.
 Used to increase productivity of crops in many ways.
 Agricultural industries use agro-chemicals like
fertilizers,
herbicides (weed killers), and
pesticide to increase productivity.
 It is also used to prepare and use the right quantities
and qualities of agrochemicals.
Cont…
• Agrochemicals used by large farmers in
Ethiopia:
Atrazine – herbicide
Acetochlor – herbicide
Hand spray and
Claearys 3336F - fungicide
Cont…
Herbicide: a chemical substance used to
destroy unwanted vegetation or weeds from
farming sites.
Fertilizer: a chemical or natural substance
added to soil to increase its fertility.
Pesticide: a substance used for destroying
insects or other pests of plants or animals.
Cont…
 Used for crop rotation (growing different crops in
succession on the same land)
 this helps to reduce the effect of pests and
keep the soil fertile.
 Used for preservation of top surface of the soil
from erosion by giving the right skills to avoid
overgrazing,
burning the vegetation cover,
over fertilizing and vertical ploughing of
steep land.
Exercise 3 (do it on your exercise book)
Give The Right Answer For The Following Questions
1.WHATare agro chemicals?
2.List agrochemicals
3.What are herbicides?
4.Write industries that needs biological knowledge.
II. Fill in the blank space with the correct terms or phrases
1.--------is used to maintain the fertility of the soil
2. -------refers to growing different crops in succession on the same land.
3.-------is used to destroy insects that are pests of crops.
Second week second day program
Medicine
 Medicine is the science and art of diagnosing, treating
and preventing disease and injury.
 Medical scientists engage themselves in a constant
search for new drugs,
effective treatments, and
more advanced technology.
 In the field of medicine, biological knowledge is
important:
To analyze the effect of drugs on human body
To differentiate medical drugs from others
To take collective measurement for drug abuse
Cont…
 A drug is a medicine or any substance which has a marked
physiological effect when taken in to or applied on the body.
 Antibiotics (Greek anti, “against”; bios, “life”) which are
chemical compounds used to kill or inhibit the growth of
bacteria are drugs.
 All antibiotics are selectively toxic meaning they are more
toxic to an invading organism than to an animal or human
host.
 Drug abuse is a pattern of using a substance that leads to
significant problems or distress. It can be: Taking more than the recommended dose of
prescribed drugs
Taking antibiotics without prescription or
Illegally using substances like marijuana, cocaine,
heroin and other illegal substances.
Food
 Biological knowledge and skills is used in food production
and processing industries
 to produce good quality food and
 to keep it safe and longer.
 Food is anything nutritious and taken into the body in order
to maintain life. It is usually of plant or animal origin and
contains essential nutrients such as:
 fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals.
 Food is composed of nutrient (usable portion of the food)
and roughage (indigestible and unusable part of food).
• Biological knowledge and skills is used to
• understand and prevent deficiency disease.
• The food we eat should contain the nutrients in a balanced
proportion.
Cont…
• Table 1:2 Lack of nutrients in diet and their associated deficiency
diseases












Deficient Nutrient
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B12 (niacin)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
vitamin D ( Calciferol)
Vitamin E (tocopheral)
Vitamin K(Naphtha Quinone)
Iodine
Iron
Carbohydrate
Protein
Deficiency disease
Night blindness
Beriberi
Pellagra
Scurvy
Rickets
Infertility in rats
Blood clotting problem
Goiter
Anemia
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Cont…
Cont..
Biological knowledge and skills is used to study
agro-chemical residues on / in food.
Biological knowledge and skills is used in
selective breeding.
 Selective breeding is a practice of controlled
mating in plants and animals to produce
organisms that better serve human needs.
 It is a technique by which offspring are made to
have superior quality (high yield, disease
resistant, drought tolerant, etc.) to that found in
either parent.
Exercise 4 (do it on your exercise book)
1.How do the knowledge of biology used in food production industries?
2.How do you define selective breeding?
3.What is food?
4. Define the following terms
A. Drug abuse------------------------------------------B. Selective toxicity--------------------------------------C. Anti biotic----------------------------------------------5.What are the deficiency disease of the following nutrients.
A. Iodine----------------------------------------------------B. Vitamin A-----------------------------------------------C. Calciferol-------------------------------------------------D. Carbohydrates-------------------------------------------E. Protein-----------------------------------------------------