W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014
SUPPLEMENTARY/SPECIAL EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE GEOMATIC ENGINEERING AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
ECE 2201: BASIC GEOLOGY AND SOIL MECHANICS
DATE: NOVEMBER2013
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer at least THREE
questions QUESTION ONE
a) Describe any four fields in construction where the knowledge of soil mechanics
is essential.
(8mks)
b) Distinguish between “residual” and “transported” soils
(2mks)
c) Determine the following parameters of soil sample
i. Water contact
ii.
Degree of saturation
iii.
Dry density
iv. Bulk density
v. Void ratio
The following data was obtained from the field:
-wet weight
166.8gms
- sample size
3.81cm in diameter and 7.62 cm in length
- Oven dry weight
140 gms
- Specific gravity
2.7
(10mks)
QUESTION TWO
a) A saturated sand layer over a clay stratum is 5m in depth. The water is 1.5m
below ground level. If the bulk density of saturated sand is 1800kg/m 3. Calculate
the effective and neutral pressure on the top of the clay layer.
(10mks)
b) Discuss five primary objectives of soil exploration.
(10mks)
QUESTION THREE
The following results are obtained from a standard compaction test.
Mass of compacted 1920.5 2051.5 2138.3
2147.0 2120
2081.5
soil (g)
Moisture content (%) 11.0
12.1
12.8
13.6
14.6
16.3
The specific gravity of the solids is 2.68 and the volume of the compaction mould is
1000cm3
a) Plot the compaction curve
b) Determine the maximum dry density
c) Determine the optimum moisture content
(15mks)
(2.5mks)
(2.5mks)
QUESTION FOUR
a) Discuss the following types of rocks
i. Igneous rocks
ii. Metamorphic rocks
iii.
Sedimentary rocks
(9mks)
b) A vane, used to test a deposit of soft alluvial clay, required a Torque 75mNewtons. The vane dimensions are D=100mm, H=200mm. Determine a value for
the
un-drained
shear
strength
of
the
clay
soil.
(11mks
)
QUESTION FIVE
a) Discuss the following physical properties of minerals forming rocks
i. Colour
ii. Lustre
iii.
Hardness
iv. Cleavage
v. Tenacity
b) Describe typical assignments handled by an Engineering geologist
(10mks)
(10mks)
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016
YEAR III SEMESTER II EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2302: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DATE:DECEMBER 2015
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSRUCTIONS: Answer any three questions out of five. All questions carry equal marks.(20)
QUESTION ONE
a.
Outline how weathering affects engineering structures.
(2 marks)
b.
Explain safety precautions which are required in soil/ rock excavation.
(3 marks)
c.
Differentiate “magnitude” from “intensity” as are used to measure earthquakes.
(7 marks)
d.
Is it possible for any of the geological processes ie crustal movement, Denudation,
Deposition and sedimentation to stop? If yes or no give relevant reasons.
(8 marks)
QUESTION TWO
a.
Define each of the following terms.
i.
Strike
ii.
Angle of dip
iii.
Fault.
b.
Explain the term “Quarrying” and write brief notes on rock blasting.
c.
Describe how you would calculate the True Dip and strike of rock beds.
(3 marks)
(7 marks)
(10 marks)
QUESTION THREE
a.
Explain each of the four types of Geological maps and write brief notes on each of them.
(10 marks)
b.
Explain earthquakes, their causes, effects on constructed structures and state how these
effects can be stopped or minimized.
(10 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
a.
State the principle features of structural geology and briefly explain how they were
caused or formed.
(6 marks)
b.
Explain each of the three classes of rocks according to their mode of formation and
outline how each class was formed.
(6 marks)
c.
Discuss each of the following mineral properties.
i.
ii.
iii.
Lustre
Tenacity
Colour
(8 marks)
QUESTION FIVE
a.
Outline how laboratory samples are selected, collected and stored for various tests.
(3 marks)
b.
Explain the four ways in which slope movement and failure may occur in an open cutting
e.g quarrying or road construction.
(4 marks)
c.
Define site investigation and explain the objectives of surface and sub surface site
investigation .
(5 marks)
d.
With the help of a sketch define the following Geological terms.
i.
Crest
ii.
Trough
iii.
Core
iv.
Limb
v.
Antiform
v.
Synform.
(8 marks)
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016
YEAR III SEMESTER II EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2302: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DATE:DECEMBER 2015
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSRUCTIONS: Answer any three questions out of five. All questions carry equal marks.(20)
QUESTION ONE
a.
Outline how weathering affects engineering structures.
(2 marks)
b.
Explain safety precautions which are required in soil/ rock excavation.
(3 marks)
c.
Differentiate “magnitude” from “intensity” as are used to measure earthquakes.
(7 marks)
d.
Is it possible for any of the geological processes ie crustal movement, Denudation,
Deposition and sedimentation to stop? If yes or no give relevant reasons.
(8 marks)
QUESTION TWO
a.
Define each of the following terms.
i.
Strike
ii.
Angle of dip
iii.
Fault.
b.
Explain the term “Quarrying” and write brief notes on rock blasting.
c.
Describe how you would calculate the True Dip and strike of rock beds.
(3 marks)
(7 marks)
(10 marks)
QUESTION THREE
a.
Explain each of the four types of Geological maps and write brief notes on each of them.
(10 marks)
b.
Explain earthquakes, their causes, effects on constructed structures and state how these
effects can be stopped or minimized.
(10 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
a.
State the principle features of structural geology and briefly explain how they were
caused or formed.
(6 marks)
b.
Explain each of the three classes of rocks according to their mode of formation and
outline how each class was formed.
(6 marks)
c.
Discuss each of the following mineral properties.
i.
ii.
iii.
Lustre
Tenacity
Colour
(8 marks)
QUESTION FIVE
a.
Outline how laboratory samples are selected, collected and stored for various tests.
(3 marks)
b.
Explain the four ways in which slope movement and failure may occur in an open cutting
e.g quarrying or road construction.
(4 marks)
c.
Define site investigation and explain the objectives of surface and sub surface site
investigation .
(5 marks)
d.
With the help of a sketch define the following Geological terms.
i.
Crest
ii.
Trough
iii.
Core
iv.
Limb
v.
Antiform
v.
Synform.
(8 marks)
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2012/2013
THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2302: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DATE: AUGUST, 2012
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 2 HOURS
Answer Question ONE and Any Other TWO Questions.
Question One
a)
Explain the relevance of geology in civil engineering.
[3 marks]
b)
Outline the selection, collection and storage of laboratory samples.
[4 marks]
c)
Describe the two stages or ways in which geological maps may be interpreted.
[6 marks]
Explain site investigation and state the steps involved in feasibility study. [7 marks]
d)
Question Two
a)
Outline how weathering affects the engineering structures.
[4 marks]
b)
Explain the objectives of surface and subsurface site investigation.
[6 marks]
c)
Define the terms “Dip” and “strike” and show how you would calculate the angle of true
dip and the direction of the strike.
[10 marks]
Question Three
a)
State the four types of geological maps and write brief notes on each of them.
[8 marks]
1
b)
Describe earthquakes, their causes, effects on structures and suggest ways of minimizing
the effects.
[12 marks]
Question Four
a)
Explain four ways in which slope movement and failure may occur in on cuttings (eg a
road or a quarry).
[5 marks]
b)
With help of a sketch, define the following geological terms:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
c)
Crest
Trough
Antiform
Synform
Limb
Core
[7 marks]
What is quarrying? Describe rock blasting, stating its major purposes.
[8 marks]
Question Five
a)
Distinguish a Normal Fault from a Reverse Fault.
b)
Explain cementation process in sedimentary rocks and differentiate “Rock bed” from
“Bedding plane.”
[4 marks]
c)
With help of sketches (where necessary) discuss any three of the following chief
properties of minerals:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
d)
Cleavage
Colour
Tenacity
Lustre
Hardness
[2 marks]
[6 marks]
Explain three ways in which rock failure may occur and suggest the steps you would take
in order to minimize the rock failure.
[8 marks]
2
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2012/2013
THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2302: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DATE: AUGUST, 2012
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 2 HOURS
Answer Question ONE and Any Other TWO Questions.
Question One
a)
Explain the relevance of geology in civil engineering.
[3 marks]
b)
Outline the selection, collection and storage of laboratory samples.
[4 marks]
c)
Describe the two stages or ways in which geological maps may be interpreted.
[6 marks]
Explain site investigation and state the steps involved in feasibility study. [7 marks]
d)
Question Two
a)
Outline how weathering affects the engineering structures.
[4 marks]
b)
Explain the objectives of surface and subsurface site investigation.
[6 marks]
c)
Define the terms “Dip” and “strike” and show how you would calculate the angle of true
dip and the direction of the strike.
[10 marks]
Question Three
a)
State the four types of geological maps and write brief notes on each of them.
[8 marks]
1
b)
Describe earthquakes, their causes, effects on structures and suggest ways of minimizing
the effects.
[12 marks]
Question Four
a)
Explain four ways in which slope movement and failure may occur in on cuttings (eg a
road or a quarry).
[5 marks]
b)
With help of a sketch, define the following geological terms:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
c)
Crest
Trough
Antiform
Synform
Limb
Core
[7 marks]
What is quarrying? Describe rock blasting, stating its major purposes.
[8 marks]
Question Five
a)
Distinguish a Normal Fault from a Reverse Fault.
b)
Explain cementation process in sedimentary rocks and differentiate “Rock bed” from
“Bedding plane.”
[4 marks]
c)
With help of sketches (where necessary) discuss any three of the following chief
properties of minerals:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
d)
Cleavage
Colour
Tenacity
Lustre
Hardness
[2 marks]
[6 marks]
Explain three ways in which rock failure may occur and suggest the steps you would take
in order to minimize the rock failure.
[8 marks]
2
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2012/2013
THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2302: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DATE: AUGUST, 2012
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 2 HOURS
Answer Question ONE and Any Other TWO Questions.
Question One
a)
Explain the relevance of geology in civil engineering.
[3 marks]
b)
Outline the selection, collection and storage of laboratory samples.
[4 marks]
c)
Describe the two stages or ways in which geological maps may be interpreted.
[6 marks]
Explain site investigation and state the steps involved in feasibility study. [7 marks]
d)
Question Two
a)
Outline how weathering affects the engineering structures.
[4 marks]
b)
Explain the objectives of surface and subsurface site investigation.
[6 marks]
c)
Define the terms “Dip” and “strike” and show how you would calculate the angle of true
dip and the direction of the strike.
[10 marks]
Question Three
a)
State the four types of geological maps and write brief notes on each of them.
[8 marks]
1
b)
Describe earthquakes, their causes, effects on structures and suggest ways of minimizing
the effects.
[12 marks]
Question Four
a)
Explain four ways in which slope movement and failure may occur in on cuttings (eg a
road or a quarry).
[5 marks]
b)
With help of a sketch, define the following geological terms:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
c)
Crest
Trough
Antiform
Synform
Limb
Core
[7 marks]
What is quarrying? Describe rock blasting, stating its major purposes.
[8 marks]
Question Five
a)
Distinguish a Normal Fault from a Reverse Fault.
b)
Explain cementation process in sedimentary rocks and differentiate “Rock bed” from
“Bedding plane.”
[4 marks]
c)
With help of sketches (where necessary) discuss any three of the following chief
properties of minerals:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
d)
Cleavage
Colour
Tenacity
Lustre
Hardness
[2 marks]
[6 marks]
Explain three ways in which rock failure may occur and suggest the steps you would take
in order to minimize the rock failure.
[8 marks]
2
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ECE 2203: FLUID MECHANICS I
DATE:DECEMBER 2015
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSRUCTIONS: Answer question one and any other two questions.
QUESTION ONE
a.
For the setup shown in figure 1, determine the absolute pressure of point A in the tank
and B in the pipe. Take Patm=101.3Kpa
(6 marks)
b.
A differential manometer is attached to two tanks as shown in figure 2. Determine the
pressure difference between A and B.
(6 marks)
c.
Two large phone horizontal surfaces are 3cm apart. The space between the surfaces is
filled with glycerine. What force is required to drag a very thin plate of surface area
0.75m2 between the two large plate surfaces at a speed of 0.8m/s if the thin plate is in
the middle of two plane surfaces. Take dynamic viscosity of glycerine=8.10x10-1Ns/m2.
(8 marks)
QUESTION TWO
a.
A rectangular tank of internal width 7m, partitioned as shown in figure 3, contains oil
and water.
i.
If the oil’s specific gravity is 0.84, determine its depth h.
ii.
If a 900N block of wood is floated in the oil determine the rise in free surface of the
water in contact with air.
(10 marks)
b.
A coffee cup shown in figure 4 is placed on a turnlobe, and rotated about its central axis
until a rigid body mode occurs.
Determine
(i)
The angular velocity which will cause the
the cup.
coffee to just reach the lip (tip) of
ii.
The gauge pressure at point A for this condition take ρcoffe=1010 Kg/m3
(10 marks)
QUESTION THREE
a.
The 200 kg, 5m wide rectangular gate shown in figure 5 is hinged at B and leans against
the floor at A making an angle of 450 with the horizontal. The gate is to be opened
from its lower edge by applying a normal force at its centre. Determine the minimum
force F required to open the water gate.
(12 marks)
b.
With the help of schematic diagram:
i.
Differentiate between absolute pressure and gauge pressure.
ii.
Explain the types of simple and differential monometers.
iii.
Newton’s law of viscosity for fluids.
(8 marks)
QUESTION FOUR
a.
A tank oil has an isosceles triangular panel near the bottom, as in figure 6. Determine
the (i) hydrostatic force and (ii) center of pressure on the panel.
b.
The wooden cylinder (SG=0.61) is placed vertically in oil (SG=0.85) as shown in figure
7. Determine if the cylinder would be in stable or unstable equilibrium.(10 marks)
QUESTION FIVE
a.
A 50mm diameter siphon pipe is drawing water from a water reservoir as shown in
figure 8. If the head loss from point 1 to point 2 is 1.50m and from point 2 to point 3 is
2.40m. Determine the discharge of water from the siphon and the water pressure at
point 2.
(12 marks)
b.
What are the conditions of equilibrium of a floating and a submerged body, in each
case, with the help of schematic diagram describe the position of the meta center
relative to center of gravity.
(8 marks)
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014
YEAR 3 SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONFOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2304:HYDRAULICS I
DATE: December2013
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:






Section A is compulsory and must be attempted
Attempt only two question in Section B
Use all/any resources provided in this examination (i.e. graphs, graph papers,
equations, etc.)
State as clearly as possible any logical assumptions made,
Credit is awarded for neat and well-labelled diagrams, if such diagrams are
appropriate for the task
Read each question very carefully.
QUESTION ONE (SECTION A)
a) A sluice gate controls flow in open channels.At section 1 and 2 (see Figure 1 below), the
flow is uniform and the pressure is hydrostatic. Neglecting bottom friction and
atmospheric pressure, decide the velocities V1 and V2 if h1=6m, h2=1m and b=5m.
(10marks)
1|Pag
e
b) Derive the relationship between hydraulic radius and the depth of flow for the most
economical triangular open channel of the following geometrical properties (see also
Figure 2):
Central angle=2��
Side slopes of the channel = 1 vertical: n horizontal
Depth of flow=y
(10marks)
c) A discharge of 18m3/s flow through a horizontal rectangular channel 6m wide at a
depth of 1.6m. Determine the following:
i.
The specific energy
ii.
The critical depth
iii.
Minimum specific energy
iv.
Alternate depth corresponding to the given depth of 1.6m, and
v.
State of flow
(10marks)
SECTION B
ATTEMPT ONLY TWO (2) QUESTIONS FROM THIS
SECTION QUESTION TWO
a) Explain why the energy principle (or Bernoullis energy equation) cannot be used for the
analysis of a hydraulic jump. Hence, state six (6) different uses of the hydraulic jump.
(8marks)
b) A rectangular channel takes the flow from the foot of a steep spillway with a flow of
10m3s-1 per meter of width. The flow in the channel approaches a broad crested weir
with a Froude number of 3. Calculate the following:
(i)
The mean velocity in the channel
2|Pag
e
(ii)
The minimum height of the weir which will cause a hydraulic jump to occur in
the channel
Hint: The figure below (Figure 3) illustrates the problem.
(12marks)
QUESTION THREE
3|Pag
e
a) For purposes of explaining uniform flow conditions, a long channel is shown with
subcritical slope (Figure 4). The flow is uniform in the middle of the channel but
varied at the two ends. From a hydrodynamic standpoint, do the following:
(i)
State what factors determine the length of transitory zone.
(ii)
What is uniform flow?
(8marks)
b) A rectangular channel is 2.3m wide and laid at a bed slope of 1 in 350. If the chézy Cis
constant and equal to 30 in SI units, determine the normal depth when the flow is
0.75m3s-1.
(12marks)
QUESTION FOUR
a) A concrete-lined trapezoidal channel with uniform flow has a normal depth of 2
meters. The base width is 5 meters and the side slopes are equal at 1:2 (1
horizontal:2 vertical). The bed slope is 0.001. Assume Manning’s coefficient
n=0.015m-1/3S.
Compute the following
(i)
Discharge, Q.
(ii)
Mean velocity, V.
(iii)
Reynolds number, Re.
In view of the above computations, do you think it was appropriate to use the
Manning’s equation? (Support your answer with appropriate explanations)
(12marks)
b) Using the same channel as above (i.e. refer to question 4(a) above), if the discharge is
known to be 30m3/s in uniform flow, what is the normal depth?
(8marks)
4|Pag
e
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014
YEAR 3 SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONFOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2304:HYDRAULICS I
DATE: December2013
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:






Section A is compulsory and must be attempted
Attempt only two question in Section B
Use all/any resources provided in this examination (i.e. graphs, graph papers,
equations, etc.)
State as clearly as possible any logical assumptions made,
Credit is awarded for neat and well-labelled diagrams, if such diagrams are
appropriate for the task
Read each question very carefully.
QUESTION ONE (SECTION A)
a) A sluice gate controls flow in open channels.At section 1 and 2 (see Figure 1 below), the
flow is uniform and the pressure is hydrostatic. Neglecting bottom friction and
atmospheric pressure, decide the velocities V1 and V2 if h1=6m, h2=1m and b=5m.
(10marks)
1|Pag
e
b) Derive the relationship between hydraulic radius and the depth of flow for the most
economical triangular open channel of the following geometrical properties (see also
Figure 2):
Central angle=2��
Side slopes of the channel = 1 vertical: n horizontal
Depth of flow=y
(10marks)
c) A discharge of 18m3/s flow through a horizontal rectangular channel 6m wide at a
depth of 1.6m. Determine the following:
i.
The specific energy
ii.
The critical depth
iii.
Minimum specific energy
iv.
Alternate depth corresponding to the given depth of 1.6m, and
v.
State of flow
(10marks)
SECTION B
ATTEMPT ONLY TWO (2) QUESTIONS FROM THIS
SECTION QUESTION TWO
a) Explain why the energy principle (or Bernoullis energy equation) cannot be used for the
analysis of a hydraulic jump. Hence, state six (6) different uses of the hydraulic jump.
(8marks)
b) A rectangular channel takes the flow from the foot of a steep spillway with a flow of
10m3s-1 per meter of width. The flow in the channel approaches a broad crested weir
with a Froude number of 3. Calculate the following:
(i)
The mean velocity in the channel
2|Pag
e
(ii)
The minimum height of the weir which will cause a hydraulic jump to occur in
the channel
Hint: The figure below (Figure 3) illustrates the problem.
(12marks)
QUESTION THREE
3|Pag
e
a) For purposes of explaining uniform flow conditions, a long channel is shown with
subcritical slope (Figure 4). The flow is uniform in the middle of the channel but
varied at the two ends. From a hydrodynamic standpoint, do the following:
(i)
State what factors determine the length of transitory zone.
(ii)
What is uniform flow?
(8marks)
b) A rectangular channel is 2.3m wide and laid at a bed slope of 1 in 350. If the chézy Cis
constant and equal to 30 in SI units, determine the normal depth when the flow is
0.75m3s-1.
(12marks)
QUESTION FOUR
a) A concrete-lined trapezoidal channel with uniform flow has a normal depth of 2
meters. The base width is 5 meters and the side slopes are equal at 1:2 (1
horizontal:2 vertical). The bed slope is 0.001. Assume Manning’s coefficient
n=0.015m-1/3S.
Compute the following
(i)
Discharge, Q.
(ii)
Mean velocity, V.
(iii)
Reynolds number, Re.
In view of the above computations, do you think it was appropriate to use the
Manning’s equation? (Support your answer with appropriate explanations)
(12marks)
b) Using the same channel as above (i.e. refer to question 4(a) above), if the discharge is
known to be 30m3/s in uniform flow, what is the normal depth?
(8marks)
4|Pag
e
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2307: THEORY OF STRUCTURES III
DATE: DECEMBER 2013
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY) AND ANY OTHER TWO
QUESTIONS.
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
(a) What is the slope deflection method?
(b) When is it applied?
(c) What are the limitations of the methods
(d) For the beam shown in fig 1 determine the slopes at A, B and C and draw the bonding
moment diagram.
QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)
For the frame shown, determine the slopes of B and C. Use the slope deflection method.
QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)
For the beam shown in fig 3. Using the moment distribution method, determine the moments
and draw the moment diagram.
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)
From Basic theory of Area moment relationship, derive the tree moments theorem.
QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)
Using the method of constant deformations and moment area, determine all support reactions
for beam in fig. 5
5|Pag
e
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ECE 2307 : THEORY STRUCTURE III
DATE: DECEMBER 2014
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:
ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS
ALL ANSWERS TO START ON A NEW PAGE
==========================================================
QUESTION ONE [30 MARKS]
(a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using statically determinate
structures over statically indeterminate structures
(b) Which structure would be appropriate for a multi span structure founded on
different soils along the span. Give reasons.
(c) For the frame shown, determine the joint and support moments, and draw
the moment diagram. Use slope deflection equations.
QUESTION TWO [20 MARKS]
Given that the fixed end moments that develop when a support settle is given by
6EI
, analyses the continuous beam shown by the
the following expression
L2
moment distribution method given
|EI = 1x1012 Nmm2
Settlement at B=9mm
Do not draw the stress diagram
QUESTION THREE [20 MARKS]
For a five pinned parabolic arch, show that the horizontal thrust
h
H=rise
2w
given that the span L=4m I=I0
h
w =UDL on arch.
1
sec
QUESTION FOUR [20 MARKS]
A continuous beam is rigidly supported at one end and on two roller supports at
6m and 10m from the rigid support. Given that (i) the first span moment of inertia
is 2I and the second span is I.
(ii)
(iii)
That the first span has a uniformly distributed load of 20kn/m
that the second span has a concentrated load at mid point.
Using the 3 – moment theorem, determine the support moments and the bending
moment diagram.
QUESTION FIVE [20 MARKS]
The bridge bean shown in fig 5 is simply supported at aA,B, E and F and hinged at
C and D. sketch the influence lines for the bending moment at B and shear force
ata A.
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2012/2013
FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2307: THEORY OF STRUCTURES III
DATE: AUGUST 2012
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS.
PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS NOT ALLOWED.
QUESTION ONE
a.
Using the slope deflection equation, show that for the structure shown, the shear force
QA at A is
QA 
M AB  EI B  EI A
50
50
5
[18 marks]
b.
For the beam shown below, determine the slopes at A, B, and C when support B
sinks and introduces bending moments into the structure.
[8
marks]
c.
For the same structure, determine and draw the bending moment diagram.
[4 marks]
QUESTION TWO
a.
Using the moment distribution method, determine the support moments for a beam
supported on a 5 (A, B, C, D, E) supports, (All simple) all the supports are 6m apart. The
beam is loaded by a UDL of 1.4 kn/m. Assume EI = constant.
[12 marks]
b.
Determine the support reactions RA, RB, R C , RD , RE
c.
Draw the following;
i.
Moment diagram
ii.
Shear force diagram
[4 marks]
[4 marks]
QUESTION THREE
For the propped cantilever, shown determine
a.
The fixed end moment influence line.
[4 marks]
b.
The influence line for the force in the prop.
[16 marks]
QUESTION FOUR
A two-pinned arch (parabolic) has a span of 10m and is loaded by a point load of 20KN at
the central point.
a.
Derive an expression of the horizontal reaction at the supports assuming that the
second moment of area at a distance x from the crown
I  I sec . Equation of y
c
2
= kx
[11 marks]
b.
Calculate the horizontal reaction.
[9 marks]
QUESTION FIVE
Using the 3-moment theorem, for the beam shown below;
a.
Determine the moments of A, B, C, D.
[15 marks]
b.
Determine the reactions
[5 marks]
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2013/2014
SPECIAL/SUPPLIMENTARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BSC CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ECE 2307: THEORY OF STRUCTURES II
DATE: NOVEMBER, 2013
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 2 HOURS
Answer Question ONE and Any Other TWO Questions.
Question One
a)
Describe the flexibility method of analysis for structures.
b)
From fundamental theory, derive the slope deflection equations.
c)
For the structure shown, using the slope deflection equations, analyze the beam shown in
fig (1) and discuss the stress diagrams.
Question Two
Using the moment distribution method determine the moments for the frame shown in fig (2).
Question Three
A two pinned arch is 20m high and 50m span. (parabolic) Determine the horizontal thrust at the
supports.
Question Four
Using the 3-moments theorem, analyze the beam shown. (Fig 4).
Question Five
Using the method of consistent deformation analyze the beam in fig 1.
1
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015
EXAMINATION FOR THE MASTER OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
ECE 2313: PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING II
DATE: APRIL, 2015
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 2 HOURS
Answer Question Any THREE Questions
All questions carry equal marks
Question One (20 Marks)
a)
State conditions that should be fulfilled in a waster water collection and conveyance
design system.[5 marks]
b)
A PVC sewer pipe is required to carry a design capacity of 0.15 m3/s through the length
of 500 m. The minimum earth cover is 1.5 m. The ground level elevations of the upper
and lower parts are 90 m and 87.5 m respectively. Determine the pipe diameter, slope and
invert elevations at the upper and lower ends . Take the pipe Manning’s n=0.01. the pipes
are available in multiples of 50 mm and the partial flow design diagram is attached.
[15 marks]
Question Two (20 Marks)
a)
Micro organisms that are important in waste water treatment are bacteria, algae and
protozoa.
i.
ii.
State two systems where algae plays significance role and why.
[5 marks]
Micro organisms growth depends on environmental conditions and food
(substrate). Bacterial culture growth on a substrate was monitored over a period
and the data given was obtained.
Biomass
(mg/l)
Time (hr)
2500
2800
3210
3515
3900
1.5
2.9
4.3
5.6
7.1
Determine the specific growth rate of the bacteria culture. [8 marks]
1
b)
The 5-day BOD at 20oc of a waste water is found to be 200 mg/l. Taking k=0.15 per day
(base 10) estimate the ultimate BOD. Also determine the 8-day BOD value of the waste
water at 15oC. [7 marks]
Question Three (20 Marks)
a)
Design a grit chamber of rectangular cross section. Following information is provided:
Flow (Q) = 50 x 106 l/d
Minimum particle diameter to be completely removed (d)=0.20mm
Specific gravity of particles (ss) =2.65
Horizontal mean flow of velocity (v) =0.30 m/s
Theoretical depth (D) =1.0 m
Calculate the dimensions and slope of the grit chamber. While designing the actual grit
chamber, add 25% to the depth for grit collection and 0.25 m free board. Also add 50% to
the theoretical calculated length. Sketch the plan and sectional elevation of the grit
chamber.
  dynamic viscosity = 1.002x103 Ns 2
m
n- Manning’s coefficient =0.02
[12 marks]
b)
Design Q sedimentation tank for a flow of waste water Q=1000 m3/d. determine the
dimensions of the tank and the outflow weir length. Take an overflow rate (OFR) of
20m3/m2.d, detention time 2 hours, width to length ratio. 1:3 and weir loading rate of 160
m3/m.d.
[8 marks]
Question Four (20 Marks)
a)
BOD and COD are both common parameters of organic content measurements of waste
water.
i.
ii.
b)
Explain the differences/similarities and why COD is usually the preferred method
in lab analysis.
Explain the three factors on which the BOD reaction rate depends. [8 marks]
The treated domestic sewage of the town is to be discharged in a natural stream.
Determine the maximum permissible effluent BOD and the percentage purification
required in the treatment plant with the following particulars.
Population of town
minimum flow of stream
BOD of stream
DWF (Dry weather flow) of sewage
BOD contribution per capital
Maximum BOD of stream on down stream
30000
0.13 m3/s
3 mg/L
140L/c/d
0.07 kg/day
5 mg/L
[12 marks]
3
Question Five (20 Marks)
a)
Compare the merits and demerits of the activated sludged treatment process and trickling
filters and state the conditions under which one is suitable to the other.
[6 marks]
b)
A 2-m deep trickling filter with a diameter of 18 m is operated with recirculation ratio of
1.5. The raw waste water flow is 2.5x106 L/d and BOD5 of the raw sewage is 210 mg/l.
Assuming that the primary tank BOD removed efficiency is 30%, determine the
hydraulic loading and organic load on the trickling filer.
[6 marks]
c)
Briefly state four advantages of waste stabilization ponds. Also discuss briefly how
facultative ponds operate.
[8 marks]
2
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015
THIRD YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2318: TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING 1
DATE: AUGUST
2014
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS ONLY.
2. YOUR ANSWERS SHOULD BE CLEAR AND TO THE POINT.
3. YOUR DIAGRAMS SHOULD BE CLEARLY DRAWN AND FULLY LABELED
4. THE USE OF PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS IS NOT ALLOWED
5. START ANSWERING EACH QUESTION ON A FRESH PAGE ON THE ANSWER
BOOKLET
=====================================================================
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
(a) (i) Transportation data have a central place in the transportation and
traffic systems engineering and planning process. Their importance is
expanding in the face of three main influences. Clearly explain them.
Give areas where the results of data gathering /collection are used.
[5 marks]
(ii)Explain the reasons why sampling is necessary and important in data
collection process. Give appropriate examples.
[4.5 marks]
(b) The transport system constitutes the supply and demand sides and their
components. Discuss.
[5 marks]
3
(c) For a study zone of 3000 inhabitants, a multiple regression model has been
calibrated to estimate the number of trips.
P=0.5+2H + 1.5C
Where, P = number of trips estimated
H= number of persons per household and
C=number of vehicles /cars per household
In addition it is also known that 50% of the families own only one transport
vehicle and the rest own 2 vehicles. The number of persons per household is 3.
Estimate the total number of trips generated from the zone.
[4 marks]
(d) Clearly explain the four main quantitative attributes used in the description of
transportation network with respect to physical or spatial properties, stating
clearly how each is measured and /or calculated.
[6marks]
(e) Third year class of Civil Engineering department, JKUAT was collecting data
to determine headway distribution of vehicles passing under Juja Bridge on
Thika road. It was observed that spacing between a 10m long bus and 16m
long trailer following the bus is 100m while both are in motion. If the
vehicles on this section of the road are of uniform flow at a mean speed of
80km/hr, determine clearance, headway and time gap between the two vehicles.
{Give a sketch of the movement of the two vehicles at the instant given in the
question}
[5.5 marks]
QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)
(a) Explain the surveys and techniques used in collection of data for OriginDestination (O-D) studies while outlining the sampling methods used. Use
appropriate diagrams where necessary
[10 marks]
(b) Explain how O –D data are analyzed and the importance and uses of O-D data
[6 marks]
(c) Explain the key elements of parking surveys and studies.
[4 marks]
QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)
(a) Clearly describe the 4 – step travel demand model, highlighting with the aid
of a flow diagram, what key processes take place at each step: and for each
step, give the examples of key formulations for demand forecasting.
[10 marks]
(b) Some of the errors encountered in the modeling process are specification,
transfer and sampling errors. With the aid of clear examples, discuss them.
[4.5 marks]
(c) The diagram below shows trip attraction and production points. The
attraction site receives a total of 1600 incoming trips during the morning
rush hours. Assume that all incoming trips are from the surrounding zones.
Average travel times from each zone to the site and the population of each
zone are given in Figure Q3. Given a distribution model of the form
Tij  KPi A j / C ij
(i)
(ii)
Estimate the number of trips from each zone to the attraction site,
assuming the calibrated parameter for the resistance measurements is
unity.
If after five years the trip productions and attractions and /or
populations for various points increase by 7.5%, compute the forecast
trip attractions to zone 4 from each production zone.
What assumptions are necessary for this trip forecasting to be valid?
Fig. Q3
[5 ½ marks]
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)
(a) Explain the criteria used in zoning study areas into traffic zones for
transportation data collection.
[4 marks]
(b) The network in Figure Q4 below is given with costs of travel (on links) in
terms of time (in minutes)
FigureQ4: a simple network
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Use Moore’s method to determine minimum paths and their costs
throughout the network (nodes 1-5); give sketch diagrams for each
home-node showing the determined minimum path. Moore’s method
must be clearly shown and results given in tabulation for all the models
1 – 5.
[12 marks]
Use appropriate two connectivity parameters to classify the network in
terms of its maturity level.
[3 marks]
Given that 500 vehicles want to travel from centroid A to node 5,
compute the total cost of their trip.
[1 mark]
QUESTION FIVE
Mombasa city was studied to determine model choice pattern for travellers
to enable the council to plan for a more efficient transport system. A utility
function for use in multinomial logit model was calibrated for the purpose ;
it was found to be of the form
U = 0.075A – 0.5W – 0.04R – 0.002C + K0
Where A = access time in minutes, W = waiting time in minutes, R = riding time in
minutes and C = out of pocket cost in Shillings.
(a) Oultine three main factors that explain the behavior of trip-makers in making
choice of their travel mode. What is K0 in the model?
[2 marks]
(b) What model distribution would you expect using the following values for A,
W, R and C, for the four modes used in the city if K0 is negligible?
Mode
Car/auto
Rail
Bus
Bike
A
6
7
10
1
W
1
10
15
0
R
25
15
35
45
C
300
75
60
10
[5 marks]
(c) The city is seriously thinking of subsidizing rail and bus by 50%,
encouraging biking by constructing bike paths thus reducing biking time by
20%, and increasing auto/car cost (through higher parking charges) by 10%.
(i)
Why should the city authorities think of these measures in 5(c)?
Clearly explain reasons and objectives of each measure.
[4 marks]
(ii) Outline the effects of traffic congestion on urban transport system and
its elements.
[4 marks]
(iii)
What is likely to be the new modal distribution with these
changes/measures?
[5 marks]
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015
YEAR IV SEMESTER I EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2402: HYRDROLOGY I
DATE: APRIL, 2015
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 2 HOURS
This paper contains five questions
Question ONE is compulsory
Attempt any other two Questions
Question ONE carries 30 marks and the others carry 20 marks each
Question One (30 Marks)
a)
Describe with the aid of a sketch the hydrologic cycle.
b)
Describe with the aid of a sketch the working principles of tipping bucket rain gauge and
state its advantages and disadvantages.
[8 marks]
c)
The cumulative rainfall depth with time during a storm as obtained from a recording rain
gauge at a station is given below.
Time in hours
10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
i.
ii.
iii.
Rainfall in mm
0
6
11
16
24
29
38
Time in hours
13.30
14.00
14.30
15.00
15.30
16.00
[7 marks]
Rainfall in mm
51
57
61
66
67
67
Construct the hyetograph of this storm using uniform time interval of 30 minutes.
Compute the maximum rainfall intensities for durations of 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3
hours and 5 hours in this storm.
Plot the intensity duration graph.
[13 marks]
1
d)
Explain the conditions required for evaporation to occur.
[2 marks]
Question Two (20 Marks)
a)
Discuss the factors considered when selecting a rain gauge site.
b)
The annual rainfalls in cm at station for a period of 15 years form 1990 to 2004 are
97,125,103,81,101,119,103,79,102,118,98,83,105,123 and 100.
i.
ii.
iii.
c)
[3 marks]
Plot a chronological chart of the station.
Construct the three year moving average curve and superimpose it on the
chronological chart.
Comment on the moving average curve.
[9 marks]
With the information given in the table, calculate the mean rainfall over the area.
Isohyets (m)
127.0-139.7
139.7-152.4
152.4-165.1
165.1-177.8
Area in km2
181
388
337
311
Isohyets (mm)
177.8-190.5
190.5-203.2
203.2-215.9
215.9-228.6
Area in km2
104
36
24
20
[5 marks]
d)
What role do hydrology play in hydropower planning and development.
[3 marks]
Question Three (20 Marks)
a)
Describe four meteorological and two physical factors affecting evaporation. [6 marks]
b)
A reservoir has an area of 60 km2 over a year. Normal precipitation is 130 cm and
evaporation from class A pan is 230 cm. assuming the land flooded by the reservoir has a
run off coefficient 0.3, estimate the net annual increase or decrease in the stream flow as
a result of the reservoir.
[4 marks]
c)
Describe surface area method for reducing reservoir evaporation.
d)
The average water spread areas that are likely to be maintained during the operation of a
reservoir after its completion and observed monthly pan evaporation at a proposed
reservoir site are given below:
Month
January
February
Average water spread in hectares
687
596
2
[3 marks]
pan evaporation in cm
7.92
13.5
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
i.
ii.
545
527
511
500
522
558
608
660
709
740
25.4
30.0
27.5
16.3
13.6
12.1
12.1
13.5
10.7
8.0
Compute the annual evaporation loss from the reservoir in cubic meters.
If 80 per cent of this loss can be prevented and the water thus saved is utilized to
irrigate a crop with a requirement of 60 cm of water, how much area can be
irrigated.
Assume a pan coefficient of 0.75.
[7 marks]
Question Four (20 Marks)
a)
Describe automatic stage recorder for measuring stream flow.
b)
Describe traces technique method based on continuity principle for measuring stream
flow. [4 marks]
c)
The current meter observations taken during a stream gauging of a stream are given
below:
Distance from
bank (m)
0.8
1.6
Depth of flow
(m)
0.5
1.0
2.4
1.6
3.0
2.0
3.6
2.0
4.2
1.8
5.0
1.2
5.8
6.6
0.6
0.0
Meter depth (m)
0.30
0.80
0.20
1.28
0.32
1.60
0.40
1.60
0.44
1.44
0.36
0.96
0.24
0.36
3
No. of
revolutions
12
23
36
27
41
33
45
32
44
28
42
24
35
14
[5 marks]
Time in seconds
48
52
51
54
60
58
62
58
60
53
58
50
50
45
Take the current meter rating as v=0.05+0.3 N, where v is in m/s and N is in revolutions
per seconds.
Compute the discharge in the stream.[11 marks]
Question Five (20 Marks)
a)
Describe how a rating curve is prepared.
b)
Describe six physiological factors affecting run off. [6 marks]
c)
Describe the formation of orographic rainfall.
d)
The following data were obtained from a weather station:






[5 marks]
[5 marks]
Reservoir area 3 km2
Water temperature =25o C and es at this temperature =23.77 mm of mercury
Wind velocity =10 km per hour
Barometric reading 750 mm of mercury
Relative humidity = 45 per cent
C=0.36 (for large reservoirs.
Estimate by Meyer’s equation:
i.
Daily evaporation
ii.
Volume of water evaporated in a week of seven days.
4
[4 marks]
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015
FOURTH YEAR FIRSTSEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 2403: TRAFFICENGINEERING I
DATE: APRIL 2015
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. ANSWER Question ONE and any other TWO questions
2. Start answering each question on a FRESH PAGE of the answer booklet
3. Your answers should be clear and to the point. Diagrams should be clearly
drawn and fully labelled
4. The use of mobiles and programmable calculators is NOT ALLOWED
QUESTION ONE
a)
Discuss traffic engineering while explaining its importance in transportation
development for a nation.
[4 marks]
b) Discuss ITS as a traffic control and management technology. Clearly explain
the main/broad categories of devices and technologies through which traffic
laws, regulations and operating instructions are communicated to road or
transportation facility users.
[7 marks]
c)
Discuss the standard vehicle classification in traffic engineering while
clearly explaining the criteria and significance of the classification unit.
d) Discuss the various types of “traffic speeds”.
e)
[2 marks]
[3 marks]
Students divided themselves into THREE groups for a highway capacity
study practical. Group A observed the following types of vehicles on a
level terrain and recorded their numbers HGV = 178; MC = 89; and PEC = 30.
Group B observed the following in a rolling terrain; LGV = 167. Group C
observed the following on a mountainous terrain; PC = 109; MGV = 11; and
B = 105. Using Table Q1, determine the capacity of the highway at the section
on a rolling terrain where all these vehicle types traverse (in pcu).
[5 marks]
1
Table Q1:
Conversion factors in pcu for different vehicle types
in various terrain:
Vehicle Type
Passenger car (PC)
Light Goods Vehicle (LGV)
Medium Goods Vehicle (MGV)
Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV)
Buses (B)
Motorcycles, Scooters (MC)
Pedal Cycles (PC)
f)
Level
Terrain
1.0 PCU
1.0 PCU
2.5 PCU
3.5 PCU
2.0 PCU
1.0 PCU
0.5 PCU
Rolling
Terrain
1.0 PCU
1.5 PCU
5.0 PCU
8.0 PCU
4.0 PCU
1.0 PCU
0.5 PCU
Mountainous
Terrain
1.5 PCU
3.0 PCU
10.0 PCU
20.0 PCU
6.0 PCU
1.5 PCU
n.a.
Derive the relationship between the THREE key parameters of traffic
stream flow.
[3 marks]
g) Explain the ‘delay’ concept and show how it is related/linked queuing.
With the aid of suitable diagrams(s), explain the concept of a queuing system.
[3 marks]
h) Explain the terms “headway” and “spacing”. How do they relate to flow
and concentration?
[3 marks]
QUESTION TWO
Two of the urban traffic management and control measures are the use of
one-way streets and the use of traffic signals.
a)
Explain FOUR improvements achieved by the use of one-way streets
and FOUR disadvantages of the system.
[8 marks]
b) Describe THREE main co-ordination systems of traffic actuated signals.
[10 marks]
c)
[2 marks]
Outline the FOUR types of road signs.
QUESTION THREE
a)
b)
Explain the derivation of the formulae for the flow (q) and mean time ( t )
and speed (u) for traffic stream obtained using the moving vehicle method.
[5 marks]
Speed and delay studies by moving vehicle method were conducted on a
10 km stretch of Nairobi city’s by-pass road running North-South.
Determine the average journey and running speeds for the traffic stream
along each direction given the data in Table Q3 to (3 d.p. and giving time
in minutes and speeds in Km/hr).
[15 marks]
2
Table Q3:
Moving Vehicle test data
Trip
Direction Journey
Time
Number of trip
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S-N
N-S
S-N
N-S
S-N
N-S
S-N
N-S
S-N
(Minutes)
Total
Delay
(Minutes)
5.5000
6.2500
5.3667
6.3333
5.6333
6.3000
5.3333
6.5333
5.1667
1.5000
1.6667
1.5000
2.2500
1.1667
1.3333
1.6667
1.8333
1.5000
No. of
Vehicles
Overtaking
No. of
Vehicles
Overtaken
No. of
Vehicles
Met
4
5
5
3
2
2
2
3
2
7
5
3
1
6
3
7
2
4
250
200
240
210
230
250
210
180
200
QUESTION FOUR
a)
Clearly distinguish the terms “uninterrupted” and “interrupted” flows as
they are used in traffic engineering.
b) i)
[3 marks]
Using suitable examples, outline two types of stochastic queuing
models commonly encountered in traffic flow studies,
giving their features.
[4 marks]
ii)
Vehicles arrive at an entrance to Nairobi national park. There is a
single gate (at which all vehicles must stop), where a park attendant
distributes a free brochure. The park opens at 8.00 a.m., at which
time vehicles begin to arrive at a rate of 480 veh/h.
After 20 minutes the arrival flow rate declines to 120 veh/h, and it
continues at that level for the remainder of the day. If the time
required to distribute the brochure is 15 seconds, and assuming a D/D/1
queuing and FIFO, describe the operational characteristics of the
queue, namely: when the queue started; when the queue dissipated;
the longest delay; the position of the vehicle encountering the longest
delay; the longest vehicle queue; the time of occurrence of the longest
vehicle queue; and the total vehicle delay for the system.
You may use graphical method to determine the characteristics.
c)
[9 marks]
Vehicle time headway and spacing were measured at a point along a
highway, from a single-lane, over the course of an hour. The average
values were calculated as 2.5 seconds/vehicle for headway and 61 m/vehicle
for spacing. Calculate the average speed of the traffic (km/hr).
If average length of the vehicles is 6 metres, calculate average clearance,
gap and occupancy.
3
[4 marks]
QUESTION FIVE
The City Council of Nairobi (CCN) requires assistance to improve safety
and traffic flow and road-use efficiency on Ngong Road, and have therefore
invited you as a traffic engineering consultant.
Prepare a suitable and practical programme to reduce congestion between
Dagoreti corner (Naivasha Road - Ngong Road) round-about and Uhuru
highway - Haile-se-lessie round-about on Ngong Road, both in the morning
and evening.
4
[20 marks]
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2012/2013
FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER
OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECE 3123: APPLIED HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY
DATE: AUGUST, 2012
INSTRUCTIONS:
TIME: 3 HOURS
Answer ANY FOUR OF THE FIVE questions. All questions carry
equal marks. You may need linear graph paper.
SECTION A – APPLIED HYDROLICS
SECTION B – APPLIED DYDROLOGY
Question One
a)
From basic principles show that for a horizontal prismatic rectangular channel the
alternate depth relationship (y1 y2 ) is given by in terms of Froude law (Fr) by the
equation.
y1
y2
b)
 2Fr 2  4Fr 4  16Fr 6  ...
2
2
[12 marks]
2
The pressure drop SP of a submerged open channel pipe culvert of diameter D and length
L, depends on the density µ and the mean velocity V of water flowing. It the pipe divert
is constructed of concrete material of average height of protuberance t. Show that:


.
SP  v 2   L ,  , t
 D Dv D


[8 marks]
1
Question Two
a)
Show for a gradually varied flow that the rate of change of water depth with respect to
 0  f
dd 
the longitudinal length is given by the expersion dl    d
.
[8 marks]
3 
1   0  
d 
 


Where:
 0 = channel slope
f = Energy slope
dc = critical depth
d = actual depth
b)
Determine the profile by numerical integration method given the following information;
discharge 600,000 l/s, channel bed slope 2M per kilometer, relangular bed width is 50M,
depth of water at the control were 6500mm and manning’s number is 0.04. Consider SIX
equal segments in the analysis.
[12 marks]
Question Three
a)
Explain with the aid of appropriate mathematical illustrations, the criteria for classifying
hydrologic systems as linear or non-linear.
[8 marks]
b)
Distinguish between the following pairs of model groupings, stating ONE example in
each case.
i.
ii.
c)
Deterministic and stochastic
Conceptual and Blackbox
[6 marks]
With the aid of appropriate sketches, compare and contrast unit responses of elementary
functions (unit pulse, unit step and unit impulse) and corresponding unit hydrograph
concepts.
[6 marks]
Question Four
a)
State using appropriate equations the difference between a kinematic and a dynamic wave
model.
[4 marks]
b)
Prove that the travel time T of a kinematic wave in a wide rectangular channel of width
B, length L, slope S and manning’s roughness n, carrying flow Q is given approximately
by equation 1.
2
 2
3  nB 3
T
5 1
 S2

3
 5 2
 Q 5 L


[8 marks]

c)
A 200m wide rectangular channel is 15km long, has bed slope of 1% and manning’s
roughness factor of 0.;035. The inflow hydrograph to the channel is given in Table
calculate the outflow hydrograph by analytical solution of the kinemetic wave equation.
Table 1
Time(min) 0
Flow m3/s 2
x 1000
12
2
24
3
36
4
48
5
60
6
72
5
84
4
96
3
108
2
120
2
[8 marks]
Question Five
a)
b)
In reference to arid zone hydrology, answer the following:
i.
State possible causes of global arid environment.
ii.
State arid climate classification criteria on the basis of climatic data.
[10 marks]
Using appropriate mathematical expressions, explain the meaning of the following terms
as used in lake morphometry.
i.
ii.
c)
development volume
development of shoreline
[4 marks]
With the aid of appropriate water balance equation, discuss major parameters which
influence fluctuations in lake levels.
[6 marks]
3
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015
THIRD YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE
EGS 2305: WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DATE: AUGUST
2014
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS
===========================================================
1.
Explain the term [4 marks]
(i)
Water resource
(ii) Subsurface dams
(iii) Sewered inceptor tank systems (SITS)
(iv) Facultative ponds
2.
By the use of an equation ,Explain what we mean by the term ‘water
balance’.
[4 marks]
3.
Expound on any type of irrigation available in Kenya. [3 marks]
4.
For sanitation and hygiene promotion to happen, they need to be embedded
in an institutional framework. Discuss.
[4 marks]
5.
Highlight the basic step in identifying sanitation option for any waste
management system.
[5 marks]
6.
Highlight specific sources of water pollution from farming activities
[4 marks]
7.
Approaches to controlling sources of water pollution may be grouped into
three broad categories. Explain.
[6 marks]
QUESTION TWO [20 MARKS]
1.
Using diagram, describe the hydrological cycle [12 marks]
2.
Discuss the factors that should be considered in zone irrigation systems.
[8 marks]
QUESTION THREE [20 MARKS]
1.
2.
3.
4.
For a properly functioning and sustainable surface harvesting system, users
will need to establish an organization that can deal with several issues. Give
some of these issues. [5 marks]
Discuss the advantages of pipeline and equivalent systems over tankers as a
method of water conveyance. [5 marks]
Sanitation and hygiene matter in human development. Explain this
statement. [5 marks]
Give the disadvantages of open drainage as means of waste-water disposal
and transport option. [5 marks]
QUESTION FOUR [20 MARKS]
1.
State any five important components of an irrigation system layout that
should be kept in consideration for a successful irrigation system. [5 marks]
2.
Various options are available for each waste management component of a
sanitation system. Discuss these components and give examples for each
component.
[12 marks]
Outline any three common issues related to watersheds management
[3 marks]
3.
QUESTION FIVE [20 MARKS]
1.
Water pollution is a major environmental issue in Kenya. Discuss any 5
major types of water pollutants and their effects in the environment.
[10 marks]
2.
As a GIS Expert, discuss how you can help your local community
to manage their water resources [10 marks]
W1-2-60-1-6
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2013/2014
SPECIAL/SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION FOR THE FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
SMA 2370 : CALCULUS IV
DATE: MARCH 2014
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS:
QUESTION ONE
(a) Evaluate


dx
[6 marks]
2x 2  5
(b) State the Maclaurin’s series.
(c) If
5
f (x, y, z)  x3 i  x 2 yz k
~
[3 marks]
find curl (F)
[5 marks]
~
(d) Prove that the mean value theorem of integral calculus is satisfied by the function
y  x 2  3x  2 in the interval (-5, 5)
[6 marks]
 
  
5
(z cos  sin  )dddz
(f) Convert the rectangular co-ordinates (3,4,7) to cylindrical co-ordinates.
(e)
2
0
2
00
[6 marks]
[4 marks]
QUESTION TWO [20 marks]
(a) Lets: f (x, y, z)  xy 2  3yz  xz  12  0 . Find the equation of the tangent plane to the
plan S at (1,1, 11
[6 marks]
4)
(b) Evaluate  F.dr
for the quadrant T : x 2  y 2  z 2  16 , y  0 , z  0 , x  0 , its
boundary circle C: x 2  y 2  16, x  0 , y  0 , z  0 and the field F  2x i  2 y j
~
marks]
3
(c)
x
  
0
0
x2
0
~
[7
~
2
(x  y  3z)dzdydx
[7 marks]
QUESTION THREE
(a) Evaluate x 2 y 3dy  3xydx where C is the square cut from the second quadrants by the

lines x = -1, y = 1.
[7 marks]
State the Taylor’s theorem
(b) (i)
[3 marks]
Use the Taylor’s theorem and the first 4 terms to estimate sin 60.50 [7 marks]
(ii)
(c) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y  x 3  2x 2  4 at (2,4)
[3 marks]
QUESTION FOUR
(a) State the Divergence Theorem
(b) Evaluate
  
[4 marks]
.Fdv for the fields F  x i  y j z k over the sphere
~

D : x 2  y 2  z 2  a2
~
~
_
[6 marks]
(c) Use Greens Theorem to find the counterclockwise circulation and outward flux for the field
F  (x  y) i  ( y  x) j and the curve C. The square bound by x =0, X=1, y=0, y=1.
~
~
[7 marks]
1
(d)
  ( x
0
x
0
2
 4x 3 y 2  3x)dydx
[3 marks]