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LEVEL Biology 2 Teacher Guide Pandia Press Blair H. Lee, M.S. R.E.A.L. SCIENCE ODYSSEY Biology 2 Teacher Guide Preview Try it before you buy it! This file contains a PDF preview of RSO Biology 2 Teacher Guide. Included in this sample are seven chapters, one from each unit: Unit I Organisms: Chapter 1- All Living Things Unit II Cells: Chapter 2- Types Unit III Genetics: Chapter 10- Your Inheritance Unit IV Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 13- Plant Reproduction Unit V Evolution: Chapter 21- How Unit VI Ecology: Chapter 25- Predator & Prey Unit VII Classification: Chapter 31- Kingdom Anamalia Pandia Press offers free previews of all our History Odyssey and REAL Science Odyssey courses. To download another preview please visit Pandia Press. To purchase complete copies of RSO eBooks please visit Pandia Press. To purchase print copies of RSO, please visit our preferred vendors. www.pandiapress.com p andia ress REAL Science Odyssey LEVEL Biology 2 Teacher Guide Blair H. Lee, M.S. Pandia Press © 2013 Pandia Press ISBN: 978-0-9798496-7-5 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form by any means —graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƐƚŽƌĂŐĞĂŶĚƌĞƚƌŝĞǀĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵƐͶǁŝƚŚŽƵƚǁƌŝƩĞŶƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ͘dŽ obtain permission to use material from this book, please contact Kate Johnson of Pandia Press, kate@pandiapress.com. dŚĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌĂŶĚĂƵƚŚŽƌŚĂǀĞŵĂĚĞĞǀĞƌǇĂƩĞŵƉƚƚŽƐƚĂƚĞƉƌĞĐĂƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĞŶƐƵƌĞĂůů ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂŶĚůĂďƐĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐďŽŽŬĂƌĞƐĂĨĞǁŚĞŶĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚĂƐŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ͕ďƵƚĂƐƐƵŵĞŶŽ responsibility for any damage to property or person caused or sustained while performing labs and ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŝŶƚŚŝƐŽƌĂŶǇZ^KĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘WĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐĞĂůůůĂďĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƚĂŬĞ ĂůůŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇƉƌĞĐĂƵƟŽŶƐƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ƚŚĞŝƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐĂĨĞ͘ www.pandiapress.com Pandia Press Biology 2 Teacher Guide Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................5 Material List..................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction to Student Unit Tests .................................................................................. 12 Unit I: Organisms ............................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 1: All Living Things ...................................................................................... 13 Unit II: Cells .................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 2: Types ...................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 3: The Inside Story .....................................................................................27 Chapter 4: The Chemistry of Biology.......................................................................35 Chapter 5: Let’s Get Things Moving ........................................................................ 41 Chapter 6: Cell Energy .............................................................................................47 Unit Test Chapters 1 - 6 Answer Key .......................................................................54 Unit III: Genetics ..............................................................................................................57 Chapter 7: The Message .........................................................................................57 Chapter 8: Mitosis - One Makes Two ......................................................................65 Chapter 9: Meiosis Divides by Two & Makes You .................................................. 71 Chapter 10: Your Inheritance ...................................................................................77 Test Chapters 7 - 10 Answer Key .............................................................................84 Unit IV: Anatomy & Physiology ......................................................................................87 Chapter 11: Multicellular Organisms .......................................................................87 Chapter 12: Plant Anatomy ......................................................................................93 Chapter 13: Plant Reproduction ...............................................................................97 Chapter 14: Nervous & Sensory Systems .............................................................. 103 Pandia Press 3 Table of Contents Chapter 15: Integumentary, Digestive, & Urinary Systems ....................................111 Chapter 16: Endocrine & Reproductive Systems .................................................... 117 Chapter 17: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems .................................................... 123 Chapter 18: Skeletal & Muscular Systems .............................................................131 Chapter 19: Immune & Lymphatic Systems .......................................................... 137 Test Chapters 11 - 19 Answer Key .......................................................................... 143 Unit V: Evolution ............................................................................................................ 147 Chapter 20: A Story of Luck ................................................................................... 147 Chapter 21: How .................................................................................................... 155 Chapter 22: Evidence ............................................................................................. 163 Chapter 23: When ................................................................................................... 171 Test Chapters 20 - 23 Answer Key ........................................................................ 177 Unit VI: Ecology ............................................................................................................. 179 Chapter 24: The Biosphere .................................................................................... 179 Chapter 25: Predator & Prey ................................................................................. 187 Chapter 26: Cycles ................................................................................................. 195 Chapter 27: Threats ............................................................................................... 201 Test Chapters 24 - 27 Answer Key ....................................................................... 208 Unit VII: Classification ................................................................................................... 213 Chapter 28: Taxonomy .......................................................................................... 213 Chapter 29: Domains Bacteria & Archaea ........................................................... 221 Chapter 30: Kingdom Plantae..............................................................................227 Chapter 31: Kingdom Animalia ............................................................................ 233 Chapter 32: Kingdoms Fungi & Protists ................................................................ 241 Test Chapters 28 - 32 Answer Key ........................................................................247 4 Pandia Press Teacher Guide RSO Biology 2 Teacher Guide Introduction Z^KŝŽůŽŐǇϮŝƐĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͕ǇĞĂƌůŽŶŐďŝŽůŽŐǇĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŐƵŝĚĞĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛Ɛ ŐƵŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĂůůƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǇŽƵŶĞĞĚƚŽƚĞĂĐŚďŝŽůŽŐǇƚŚŝƐǇĞĂƌ͘dŚĞƐĞďŽŽŬƐǁĞƌĞ ǁƌŝƩĞŶƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚďĞƚĂƵŐŚƚďǇĂůůĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ĞǀĞŶŝĨǇŽƵĚŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ degree. It is my goal to make middle school biology accessible to all, educators and ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂůŝŬĞ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕Z^KŝŽůŽŐǇϮŵĞĞƚƐƚŚĞEĂƟŽŶĂů^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĨŽƌůŝĨĞ science at the middle school level. Structuring a good middle school science course is like building a house. A well-built ŚŽƵƐĞƐƚĂƌƚƐǁŝƚŚĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶŽŶǁŚŝĐŚĂůůŽƚŚĞƌŇŽŽƌƐƌĞƐƚ͘Z^KŝŽůŽŐǇϮƐƚĂƌƚƐ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐ͕ĂŶĚĨĂĐƚďǇĨĂĐƚďƵŝůĚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƌĞ͕ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌ future science knowledge to rest on. tŚŝůĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐŽĨďŝŽůŽŐǇ͕ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŶĞĞĚƚŽůĞĂƌŶĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚĞ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐƵƐĞĚďǇďŝŽůŽŐŝƐƚƐƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĨĂĐƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĨŽƌŵƚŚĞ ďĂƐŝƐŽĨƚŚŽƐĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐ͘hŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŵĞƚŚŽĚĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ processes used by biologists guides students to an understanding of the open-ended ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƉĂƌƚŽĨƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘dŚĞůĂďƐĂƌĞĐůŽƐĞůǇƉĂŝƌĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞǁƌŝƩĞŶŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͖ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂǇƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐĂŶƐĞĞŚŽǁƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐŚĂǀĞůĞĚƚŽĂďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨ ŚŽǁƚŚĞůŝǀŝŶŐǁŽƌůĚǁŽƌŬƐ͘dŚĞĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐĂůƐŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ principles. All of this together gives you a complete science course that teaches the core principles of biology while teaching the processes used to develop these principles. Course Structure Z^KŝŽůŽŐǇϮĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐŽĨƚǁŽďŽŽŬƐ͗ƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŐƵŝĚĞ͘/ƚŝƐ comprised of 32 chapters designed as a 36-week course, assuming each chapter is ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶŽŶĞǁĞĞŬƉůƵƐƐŽŵĞĞǆƚƌĂƟŵĞĨŽƌƌĞǀŝĞǁĂŶĚƚĞƐƟŶŐ͘ĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌŽĨ ƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŚĂƐƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐĞĐƟŽŶƐ͗ ͻϯϮŚĂƉƚĞƌƐŽĨǁƌŝƩĞŶůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ͻ32 General biology labs ͻ27 Microscope labs ͻ32 Famous Science Series (research) ͻϯϮ^ŚŽǁtŚĂƚzŽƵ<ŶŽǁ;ƐŚŽƌƚĂŶƐǁĞƌĂŶĚŵƵůƟƉůĞͲĐŚŽŝĐĞƐĞĐƟŽŶƐͿ ͻĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŝŶƐŽŵĞĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ ͻϲKƉƟŽŶĂůƵŶŝƚƚĞƐƚƐ;ĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉĞŶĚŝǆŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŐƵŝĚĞͿ Pandia Press 5 REAL Science Odyssey Introduction The Course Is Divided Into Seven Units /͘ KƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ II. Cells ///͘ 'ĞŶĞƟĐƐ IV. Anatomy & Physiology s͘ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ s/͘ ĐŽůŽŐǇ s//͘ůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ The Student Text dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐĂƐĂƚĞǆƚďŽŽŬĂŶĚĂǁŽƌŬďŽŽŬ͕ŽƌŐĂŶŝǌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚůĞƐƐŽŶƐ͕ ǁŽƌŬƐŚĞĞƚƐ͕ůĂďƐŚĞĞƚƐ͕ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ĂŶĚůĂďŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐĂůůŝŶŽŶĞƉůĂĐĞ͘dŚĞƚĞǆƚŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƐŽ ƚŚĂƚĂƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƌĞĂĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƚĞǆƚ͕ƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĞŶŐĂŐĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚŽƵŐŚƚͲƉƌŽǀŽŬŝŶŐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚŝŶŵĂŶǇĐĂƐĞƐ͕ďǇǁƌŝƟŶŐŽƌĐŽůŽƌŝŶŐƉĂƌƚƐŽĨĚŝĂŐƌĂŵƐ͘dŚŝƐƚǇƉĞŽĨĚŝƌĞĐƚĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŚĞŶ incorporated into learning material gives students ownership of the material. Since students will ďĞǁƌŝƟŶŐĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƚĞǆƚ͕ŝƚŝƐƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚƚŚĂƚĞĂĐŚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŚĂƐŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌŽǁŶĐŽƵƌƐĞ book. dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂƌĞƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶĞĂĐŚ ĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞZ^KĂĐƌŽŶǇŵZ͘͘͘>͘ͶZĞĂĚ͕ǆƉůŽƌĞ͕ďƐŽƌď͕ĂŶĚ>ĞĂƌŶ͘ dŚĞǇĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŚĞƌĞŝŶƚŚĞŽƌĚĞƌǇŽƵǁŝůůĮŶĚƚŚĞŵŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚǇŽƵĐĂŶ switch the order of the general labs, microscope labs, and the Famous Science Series, you should ŶŽƚĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞŽƌĚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ͘ĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌďƵŝůĚƐƵƉŽŶƚŚĞƉƌŝŽƌŽŶĞ͘ Read READ: The Lesson dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞǁƌŝƩĞŶůĞƐƐŽŶǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůƐŽĨďŝŽůŽŐǇĂƌĞĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚĂŶĚďƵŝůƚŽŶ͘ dŚĞƐĞůĞƐƐŽŶƐƐƚĂƌƚǁŝƚŚŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚŽƌĞĂĚ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽŐĞƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚŬĞǇĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͕ĂƐŬŝŶŐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚĂƉƉůǇŝŶŐǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŽƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŚĞǇ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŵ͘dŚĞǁƌŝƩĞŶůĞƐƐŽŶŝƐĂƚĂƌĞĂĚŝŶŐůĞǀĞůƐŽƚŚĂƚŵŽƐƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ in middle school can read it independently. Science vocabulary and terminology are introduced in ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞǁƌŝƩĞŶŝŶbold italicsǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞůĞƐƐŽŶ͘&ŽƌŵĂůĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞ glossary of the student text. Explore EXPLORE: General Labs dŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶŝƐǁŚĞƌĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĞǆƉůŽƌĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞǇůĞĂƌŶŚŽǁ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŵĞƚŚŽĚŝŶĂŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůǁĂǇ͖ŐĂŝŶŝŶŐŶĞǁŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ ŝŶƚŽďŝŽůŽŐǇŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘dŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůďŝŽůŽŐǇůĂďƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇƚŽƚŚĞǁƌŝƩĞŶůĞƐƐŽŶƐ͘dŚĞ ƚǁŽĂƌĞĐŽŚĞƐŝǀĞ͘tƌŝƩĞŶůĞƐƐŽŶƐǁŝƚŚůĂďƐƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐƚƵĚŝĞĚŝƐůŝǀŝŶŐƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚ ŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƚŚĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘^ŽŵĞůĂďƐŚĂǀĞĂŵĂƚŚƐĞĐƟŽŶ͘ůůŵĂƚŚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ are clearly explained with examples. Middle school science is a good place to begin applying the abstract math concepts students have been learning all these years. Please note that several labs require adult supervision. 6 Pandia Press Introduction Explore Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide EXPLORE: Microscope Labs dŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂďƐĂƌĞŽƉƟŽŶĂů͕ďƵƚƚŽƚƌƵůǇŐĞƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŽƵƚŽĨƚŚŝƐďŝŽůŽŐǇĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕Ă microscope is highly recommended. All living things are made of cells, and cells are really small, ƐŽƐŵĂůůƚŚĞǇŽƵŶĞĞĚĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƚŽƐĞĞƚŚĞŵ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƌĞĂůůǇƐƉĞĐŝĂůĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚ ƟŵĞǇŽƵƐĞĞĂĐĞůůƵƉĐůŽƐĞ͕ĐŚůŽƌŽƉůĂƐƚƐ͕ƚŚĞǁŝŶŐŽĨĂŇǇ͕ŽƌďĂĐƚĞƌŝĂŵŽǀĞ͘^ĞĞƚŚĞŶŽƚĞĂďŽƵƚ purchasing a microscope on page 9. >ĂďƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĂƌĞĂĨŽƌŵƵůĂŝĐƚǇƉĞŽĨǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ǀĞŶƐŽ͕ŵĂŶǇĐŽůůĞŐĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐĂŶŶŽƚǁƌŝƚĞƚŚĞŵ ǁĞůů͘DŝĚĚůĞƐĐŚŽŽůŝƐĂŐŽŽĚƉůĂĐĞƚŽƉŝĐŬƵƉƚŚŝƐǁƌŝƟŶŐƐŬŝůů͘^ŽŵĞůĂďƐĂƌĞĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞĨŽƌǁƌŝƚĞͲ ups, and some are not. I indicate those that are recommended in the student text. Absorb ABSORB: Famous Science Series (FSS) dŚĞƐŬŝůůŽĨƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐĂƚŽƉŝĐŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƚŽďĞŝŶŐƉƌŽĮĐŝĞŶƚĂƚƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘ƐƚŚĞĨĂŵŽƵƐ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ/ƐĂĂĐEĞǁƚŽŶŽŶĐĞƐƚĂƚĞĚ͕͞/Ĩ/ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂďůĞƚŽƐĞĞĨĂƌƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ŝƚǁĂƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞ /ƐƚŽŽĚŽŶƚŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐŽĨŐŝĂŶƚƐ͘͟ǇŐŝĂŶƚƐŚĞŵĞĂŶƐŽƚŚĞƌŐƌĞĂƚƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐ͘^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ what is known about a topic and build on that knowledge when making new discoveries. dŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨ&^^ŝƐƚŽƐŚĂƌƉĞŶƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐƐŬŝůůƐŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚĂŬŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞǁŚŝůĞ ƚŚĞǇůĞĂƌŶƐŽŵĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐŚŝƐƚŽƌǇƌĞůĂƟŶŐƚŽďŝŽůŽŐǇ͘^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚŚĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŝŶ&^^ŽŶƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶ͖ƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐnot found in the course material. How you have students do their research is up to you. I feel that Internet research is adequate for FSS. But you might want to have your student do some library research as well. dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϯϮ&ĂŵŽƵƐ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ^ĞƌŝĞƐƚŽƉŝĐƐ͘dŚĞƚŽƉŝĐƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĨĂŵŽƵƐƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐ͕ĨĂŵŽƵƐ ƉĂƚŚŽŐĞŶƐ͕ĨĂŵŽƵƐŵŽůĞĐƵůĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĨĂŵŽƵƐƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞƚŽƉŝĐƐĂƌĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚƚŽƚŚĞ ǁĞĞŬ͛ƐƚĞǆƚ͘^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŝůůƵƐĞ&^^ƚŽůĞĂƌŶƚŽƉŝĐƐŵŽƌĞŝŶĚĞƉƚŚĂƐƚŚĞǇƌĞůĂƚĞƚŽƚŚĞůĞƐƐŽŶ͘/ĨǇŽƵ ǁĂŶƚƚŽƌĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨǁƌŝƟŶŐĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ǇŽƵĐĂŶŚĂǀĞƚŚĞŵŽƌĂůůǇƌĞƉŽƌƚƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨ their research to you. Learn LEARN: Show What You Know (SWYK) dŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶŚĞůƉƐǇŽƵĂŶĚǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŝĨƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞůĞĂƌŶĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ that week. Biology can be technical with a lot of new vocabulary words. I have tried to make the ƚĞǆƚĂƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽŬĞĞƉƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĞŶŐĂŐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͕ďƵƚŝƚŝƐƐƟůůŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽ have weekly assessments to ensure they have learned the key concepts. Show What You Know ŝƐƚŚĞƟƚůĞŽĨƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶͲĂŶĚͲĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĞĐƟŽŶĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨĞĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘/ƐƚƌŽŶŐůǇƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚ ǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞƐĞ͘dŚĞǇŵŝŐŚƚůŽŽŬůŝŬĞǁŽƌŬďŽŽŬǁŽƌŬ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŝƚ ŝƐŶŽƚďƵƐǇǁŽƌŬ͘dŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶǁŝůůŚĞůƉǇŽƵĂƐƐĞƐƐǁŚĞƚŚĞƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ďĞŝŶŐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ͘/ĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĚŽŶŽƚĚŽǁĞůůŝŶƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶ͕ǇŽƵŬŶŽǁƚŚĞǇŶĞĞĚƚŽŐŽďĂĐŬŽǀĞƌƚŚĞ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůďĞĨŽƌĞŵŽǀŝŶŐŽŶƚŽƚŚĞŶĞǆƚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘zŽƵĐĂŶƵƐĞƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶůŝŬĞĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƚĞƐƚ͕ŽƌǇŽƵŵĂǇĐŚŽŽƐĞƚŽƵƐĞ^tz<ĂƐĂĨŽƌŵĂƚĨŽƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶͲĂŶĚͲĂŶƐǁĞƌŽƉĞŶĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͘/Ĩ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƚĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞƵŶŝƚƚĞƐƚƐ͕ƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƟŽŶǁŝůůŚĞůƉŝŵŵĞŶƐĞůǇǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽŶƚŚĞ tests. Pandia Press 7 REAL Science Odyssey Introduction The Teacher’s Guide zŽƵƌƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŐƵŝĚĞŝƐƐĞƚƵƉƚŽƌĞƐĞŵďůĞƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚ͘ĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƐĞĐƟŽŶŝƐreviewed in ƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛ƐŐƵŝĚĞǁŝƚŚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶŶŽƚĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĂŶĚ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛ƐŐƵŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ͗ Weekly Schedule /ŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚǇŽƵǁŝƚŚƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƐĐŚĞĚƵůŝŶŐĞĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ ƚǁŽĚĂǇƐ͕ƚŚƌĞĞĚĂǇƐ͕ĂŶĚĮǀĞĚĂǇƐ͘dŚĞƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞƐǁŝůůŚĞůƉĞŶƐƵƌĞǇŽƵĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞŝŶ one school year. Learning Goals dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĂůŝƐƚŽĨĂůůƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘ZĞǀŝĞǁŝŶŐƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŐŽĂůƐĐĂŶ ďĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇŚĞůƉĨƵůǁŚĞŶĚĞĐŝƉŚĞƌŝŶŐŵĂŝŶŝĚĞĂƐƚŚĂƚƐŚŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚďĞŵŝƐƐĞĚĨƌŽŵĚĞƚĂŝůƐƚŚĂƚ are nice, but not necessary. Extracurricular Resources dŚŝƐŝƐĂůŝƐƚŽĨďŽŽŬƐ͕ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͕ĂŶĚͬŽƌǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐĨŽƌĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘hƐĞƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐǁŚĞŶ ǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ͛ƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝƐƐƉĂƌŬĞĚ͕ŽƌǁŚĞŶǇŽƵŶĞĞĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĐůĂƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŽŶĂĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͘ Math This Week dŚĞŵĂƚŚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŚĂƉƚĞƌĂƌĞƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚŝŶǇŽƵƌƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŐƵŝĚĞ͘dŚĞŵĂƚŚ ŚĂƐďĞĞŶǁƌŝƩĞŶĂƐĂƐĞĐƟŽŶĂůƉĂƌƚŽĨŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞůĂďƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĂƚǁĂƐĚŽŶĞ ƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŵĂƚŚĐĂŶďĞƚƌĞĂƚĞĚĂƐŽƉƟŽŶĂů͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚ/ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƚŚĂƚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĚŽƚŚĞŵĂƚŚ͘ Math is integral to a good science background. Math and science are intertwined in the same ǁĂǇƐƉĞůůŝŶŐ͕ƉƵŶĐƚƵĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŐƌĂŵŵĂƌĂƌĞƚŽŐŽŽĚǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘ Lesson Review dŚĞůĞƐƐŽŶƌĞǀŝĞǁƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŐƵŝĚĞĂƌĞǁƌŝƩĞŶĂƐĐůĂƐƐŶŽƚĞƐ͘dŚĞǇĐĂŶďĞƵƐĞĚ ĂƐŶŽƚĞƐŽƌǇŽƵĐĂŶƵƐĞƚŚĞŵĨŽƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĂŶĚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶǁŝƚŚǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞƚŚĞŵĂŝŶ points from the lesson and are provided to assist you in teaching this course. When I taught as a ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇĐŽůůĞŐĞƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ͕/ǁŽƵůĚƵƐĞĂƐŚĞĞƚŽĨǁƌŝƩĞŶŶŽƚĞƐ͕ŵǇůĞĐƚƵƌĞŶŽƚĞƐ͕ĂƐĂŐƵŝĚĞƚŽ make sure I covered the important points and reviewed the material from previous lectures that related to the material being taught that day. Unit Test Answer Keys dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐƚŚĞƵŶŝƚƚĞƐƚƐŝŶŝƚƐĂƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŝǆŽĨƚŚĞŵ͘^ĞĞƉĂŐĞϭϮŽĨ ƚŚŝƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŐƵŝĚĞĨŽƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝŶŐĂŶĚŐƌĂĚŝŶŐ͘dŚĞĂŶƐǁĞƌŬĞǇƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƚĞƐƚƐ ĨŽůůŽǁĞĂĐŚƵŶŝƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŐƵŝĚĞ͘dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚďŽŽŬŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƐŽƚŚĂƚŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞǁƌŝƩĞŶ work required for this course can be done directly in the text. For that reason, the tests are included in the student text. 8 Pandia Press Introduction Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Grading Grading is up to you, the instructor. Below are four possible grading schemes based on ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌǇŽƵĂƌĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƵŶŝƚƚĞƐƚƐĂŶĚͬŽƌĐŽŵƉůĞƟŶŐƚŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂďƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞ grading scales provided for each unit test, but you will have to determine the grade for each of ƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘dŚĞŐƌĂĚŝŶŐƐĐŚĞŵĞƐďĞůŽǁƐƵŐŐĞƐƚŚŽǁƚŽǁĞŝŐŚĞĂĐŚƉĂƌƚ͕ŝĨǇŽƵ choose to assign a grade. You, of course, are the teacher and will do what works best for you and your student. 1. Using all parts of the course: Unit tests = 40% Microscope Labs = 15% General Labs = 15% FSS = 10% SWYK = 20% 3. Not using microscope labs: Unit tests = 40% General Labs = 20% FSS = 15% SWYK = 25% 2. Not using unit tests: Microscope Labs = 20% General Labs = 20% FSS = 20% SWYK = 40% 4. Not using unit tests and microscope labs: General Labs = 30% FSS = 30% SWYK = 40% Microscope dŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂďƐĂĚĚĂĚĞƉƚŚŽĨƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŽĂŶǇŐĞŶĞƌĂůďŝŽůŽŐǇĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶďĞůĞŌŽƵƚŝŶŵŝĚĚůĞƐĐŚŽŽů͘zŽƵĐŽƵůĚƐŬŝƉĂůůƚŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂďƐĂŶĚƐƟůůŚĂǀĞĂŚŝŐŚͲ quality middle school level biology course. Your students will need to use a microscope in high ƐĐŚŽŽů͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚ͕ƐŽǇŽƵŵŝŐŚƚǁĂŶƚƚŽƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚƚŚĂƚŶŽǁ͘dŚŝƐǁĂǇǇŽƵǁŝůůŐĞƚĂůŽƚŵŽƌĞƵƐĞ ŽƵƚŽĨĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞĂŶĚǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚǁŝůůďĞĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͞ĞǆƉĞƌƚ͟ďĞĨŽƌĞŚŝŐŚƐĐŚŽŽů͘ /ĨǇŽƵĂƌĞŐŽŝŶŐƚŽďĞƉƵƌĐŚĂƐŝŶŐĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͕/ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚǇŽƵŝŶǀĞƐƚŝŶĂŶŝĐĞŽŶĞ͘dŚŝƐĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůǇŵĞĂŶǇŽƵŚĂǀĞƚŽƐƉĞŶĚǇŽƵƌĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐĐŽůůĞŐĞĨƵŶĚ͕ďƵƚǇŽƵƐŚŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚǁĂƐƚĞǇŽƵƌ ŵŽŶĞǇŽŶ͞ƚŽǇ͟ŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƐ͘&ŽƌƚŚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ĂŶĚŽŶŝŶƚŽŚŝŐŚƐĐŚŽŽů͕ǇŽƵǁŝůůŶĞĞĚĂĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚ ůŝŐŚƚŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͘ŽŵƉŽƵŶĚŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƐŚĂǀĞƚǁŽůĞŶƐĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĞǇĞƉŝĞĐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŽďũĞĐƟǀĞůĞŶƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚǁŽƌŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŽŵĂŐŶŝĨǇƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶ͘dŚĞƚǇƉĞŽĨĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚůŝŐŚƚŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƵƐĞĚ ĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐŝƐĂďƌŝŐŚƚĮĞůĚŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͘ƌŝŐŚƚĮĞůĚŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƐĨŽƌŵĂĚĂƌŬŝŵĂŐĞ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂŵŽƌĞďƌŝŐŚƚůǇůŝƚďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨƵŶĚĞƌůŝŐŚƟŶŐ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞǇŽƵŶĞĞĚĂ microscope that has an electric light. (I prefer direct current because it can be hard to tell when ƚŚĞďĂƩĞƌǇŝƐƌƵŶŶŝŶŐĚŽǁŶĂŶĚƚŚŝƐĐĂŶĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞůŝŐŚƚĐŽŵŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞďĂƐĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚǇŽƵƌĞĂůůǇ ŶŽƟĐŝŶŐŝƚ͘ͿůƐŽ͕ďĞƐƵƌĞƚŽŐĞƚŽŶĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐĂĮŶĞĨŽĐƵƐŬŶŽď͘ You can use either a monocular microscope (one eyepiece) or a binocular microscope (two ĞǇĞƉŝĞĐĞƐͿ͘/ŐŝǀĞŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌďŽƚŚƚǇƉĞƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘dŚĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƚŽƚŚĞŵŽŶŽĐƵůĂƌ scope is that it generally costs less, and it is easier to use for most, but not all, students. Some ƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀĞƚƌŽƵďůĞĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐǁŝƚŚďŽƚŚĞǇĞƐŽƉĞŶ͘dŚĞĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞďŝŶŽĐƵůĂƌƐĐŽƉĞŝƐƚŚĂƚ ŝƚŵĂŐŶŝĮĞƐƵƉƚŽϭϬϬϬǆǁŝƚŚĂŶŽŝůŝŵŵĞƌƐŝŽŶůĞŶƐ;ƚŚĞŵŽŶŽĐƵůĂƌƐĐŽƉĞŵĂŐŶŝĮĞƐƵƉƚŽϰϬϬǆͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂĨĞǁůĂďƐǁŚĞƌĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŐĞƚƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞŽŝůŝŵŵĞƌƐŝŽŶůĞŶƐŝĨƚŚĞǇ ŚĂǀĞĂďŝŶŽĐƵůĂƌŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͘ŝƚŚĞƌŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞŝƐƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ͕ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͘dŚĞĐŚŽŝĐĞŝƐĞŶƟƌĞůǇƵƉƚŽ you. Pandia Press 9 REAL Science Odyssey Introduction Material List ĞůŽǁŝƐĂůŝƐƚŽĨŝƚĞŵƐŶĞĞĚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞůĂďƐŝŶĞĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘ZĞĨĞƌƚŽƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚĨŽƌƋƵĂŶƟƚǇĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌ ĚĞƚĂŝůƐ͘dŚĞƉĂŐĞηŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞůĂďŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚ͘dŚĞŝƚĞŵƐŵĂƌŬĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶĂƐƚĞƌŝƐŬΎĂƌĞƚŚŽƐĞ that are not readily available and need to be purchased through a science supply vendor. We recommend Home ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞdŽŽůƐ;ǁǁǁ͘ŚŽŵĞƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƚŽŽůƐ͘ĐŽŵ͕ϰϬϲͲϮϱϲͲϬϵϵϬͿ͘ Chapter 1 Lab dĂƉĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ Graph paper Notebook paper Clipboard Calculator p. 18 Chapter 4 Lab KƵƚĚŽŽƌĂƌĞĂ Worksheets from Web Field guides Internet access Plot markers Food items Printer Labels from ŇŽƵƌďĂŐƐ Whole-wheat ŇŽƵƌ tŚŝƚĞŇŽƵƌ dĞĂƐƉŽŽŶ ƵƩĞƌŬŶŝĨĞ Colored pencils Chapter 2 Lab Canning jars Soap & water Apples Knife Sugar Apple peeler ƵƫŶŐďŽĂƌĚ dĂůůƉŽƚǁͬůŝĚ Chapter 2 MSLab ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞǁͬĐŽǀĞƌ Ύ>ĞŶƐǁŝƉĞƐ ŽƩůĞĐŽƌŬ X-Acto knife ƵƫŶŐďŽĂƌĚ Chapter 3 Lab White glue Super glue WůĂƐƟĐǁƌĂƉ Knife Scissors dŽŽƚŚƉŝĐŬ ZƵůĞƌ dĂƉĞ dŽŽƚŚƉŝĐŬƐ Clay (Sculpey) Chapter 3 MSLab Ύ ^ůŝĚĞƐǁͬ covers ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞ blue stain ΎKŝů͕ĨŽƌŽŝů immersion Cleaner for oil 10 p. 47 Chapter 5 Lab Cooking pot Measuring cup WůĂƐƟĐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌ dĂďůĞƐƉŽŽŶ Cooking source dĞĂƐƉŽŽŶ Wooden spoon Cornstarch Food processor Iodine Potato masher Water Permanent marker dŝŵĞƌ p. 52 Chapter 5 MSLab Syringe ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Glass Flashlight or Water desk lamp dǁĞĞǌĞƌƐ A helper Kernel corn dǁĞĞǌĞƌƐ Ύ ^ůŝĚĞƐǁͬ covers Syringe Water dŽŽƚŚƉŝĐŬƐ Glass bowls ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Iodine p. 116 Chapter 8 Lab Zipper-lock Poster board ƉůĂƐƟĐďĂŐ Pipe cleaners Wide glass Mini Paper marshmallows Markers ZƵůĞƌ Computer & printer WůĂƐƟĐƐƉŽŽŶ Yellow onion X-Acto knife Paper towel Syringe Water ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ ŶĞůĞĂĨĨƌŽŵĂ K thick plant X-Acto knife ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞǁͬĐŽǀĞƌ Water Syringe CD Glue Can Cup Yarn Beads p. 133 Chapter 9 Lab Colored pencils Sunny day Fruit or vegetable snack 'ůƵĞĂŶĚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƉĂƉĞƌ ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ p. 75 Chapter 6 MSLab p. 176 p. 181 p. 120 Chapter 8 MSLab X-Acto knife ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ ƵƫŶŐďŽĂƌĚ ΎWƌĞƉĂƌĞĚƐůŝĚĞŽĨĂŶĂůůŝƵŵ Water ;ŽŶŝŽŶͿƌŽŽƚƟƉ Ύ^ůŝĚĞ Iodine Small dish p. 68 Chapter 6 Lab Cookie sheet KǀĞŶ Bowl Plaster of Paris Container for mixing ^ƟƌƌĞƌ Measuring cup Water p. 155 Chapter 10 Lab & Act. pp. 216 & 227 Family members Colored pencils or markers Scissors Coin p. 99 Chapter 7 MSLab p. 159 Sports ΎdĞƐƚƚƵďĞ drink ΎWŝƉĞƩĞ dŝŵĞƌ Ύ^ůŝĚĞǁͬĐŽǀĞƌ ZƵďďŝŶŐ ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞ alcohol blue stain Meat Water ƚĞŶĚĞƌŝǌĞƌ ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Dish soap dŽŽƚŚƉŝĐŬ Cup or glass Chapter 1 MSLabs (1 & 2) pp. 26 & 32 Chapter 4 MSLab ƵƫŶŐŵĂƚŽƌĐĂƌĚďŽĂƌĚ ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ tŚŝƚĞƉĂƉĞƌǁͬďůĂĐŬƚǇƉĞ Scissors X-Acto knife dĂƉĞ ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞƐůŝĚĞ Catalogue with pictures p. 89 Chapter 7 Lab Mini marshmallows Beads Pipe cleaners Large marshmallows Skewer dŽŽƚŚƉŝĐŬƐ Scissors Colored pens or pencils Scissors Stapler p. 223 Chapter 10 MSLab Hair strands Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ Scissors dĂƉĞ Syringe Water ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Chapter 11 Lab & MSLab p. 247 ΎWƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚĨƌŽŐ Safety goggles ΎŝƐƐĞĐƟŶŐƉŝŶƐ ΎŝƐƐĞĐƟŶŐƚƌĂǇ Paper towels Gloves Ύ&ŽƌĐĞƉƐ dĂƉĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ Scissors Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ dǁĞĞǌĞƌƐ Medicine dropper Baggies X-Acto knife ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Water Chapter 12 Lab & MSLab p. 267 Plant X-Acto knife ZƵŶŶŝŶŐ water Colored pencils ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐǁͬ covers Syringe ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞ blue Water p. 198 Chapter 13 Lab & MSLab Flower Lima bean X-Acto knife Scissors dĂƉĞ Magnifying glass p. 283 ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞ blue ǇĞĚƌŽƉƉĞƌ Water p. 138 Chapter 9 MSLab Green and gray pencil ΎKŝů͕ĨŽƌŽŝů immersion Cleaner for oil p. 203 Chapter 14 Labs 1 & 2 pp. 297 & 304 ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Lemon ΎWƌĞƉĂƌĞĚƐůŝĚĞŽĨĂ>ŝůŝƵŵ Wire Paper towels (Lily), anther meiosis Nails or ZƵďďĞƌďĂŶĚ screws Stringed Pennies Instrument Calculator Salt Knife Pandia Press Introduction Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide p. 316 Chapter 19 Labs 1 & 2 Chapter 15 Lab 1 Corrugated cardboard Nail Blindfold Paper Calculator Another person KƵƚĚŽŽƌĂƌĞĂ p. 493 Chapter 27 Lab pp. 399 & Chapter 23 Lab 407 Scissors WŽƩĞĚƉůĂŶƚƐ Glue Dishes >ĂƌŐĞƐŚĞĞƚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƉĂƉĞƌ :ĂƌƐǁͬůŝĚƐ ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ dĂďůĞƐƉŽŽŶ /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ Marking pen WŽƫŶŐƐŽŝů White vinegar p. 318 Chapter 20 Lab p. 425 Chapter 23 MSLab Large work space ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ dĂƉĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ Magnifying glass Marker Slice of wood Cardboard or card stock Sandpaper Poker chips or checkers dŽƉůŝŐŚƟŶŐ Glue Paper Scissors Colored pencils ZŽůůŽĨďĂŶŶĞƌƉĂƉĞƌ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ Chapter 15 MSLab ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞǁͬĐŽǀĞƌ Water ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞďůƵĞ dŝƐƐƵĞ ƵƩĞƌŬŶŝĨĞ Chapter 15 Lab 2 ϮůŝƚĞƌďŽƩůĞ Sink Scissors ŽīĞĞĮůƚĞƌƐ Gravel Sand ŽƩŽŶďĂůůƐ ͞ŝƌƚǇ͟ǁĂƚĞƌ Camera or colored pencils p. 324 Chapter 20 MSLab p. 435 ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞ Dead winged insect specimens Flashlight Scalpel or knife Ύ ^ůŝĚĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌ Needle or pin ZƵďďŝŶŐĂůĐŽŚŽů Soap & water ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ tĂƚĞƌďŽƩůĞƐ Scissors Duct tape 357 p. 460 dŝŵĞƌ Vinyl tubing X-Acto knife Animal hair and fur samples ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐǁͬĐŽǀĞƌƐ Water Dropper p. 365 Chapter 22 Lab Chapter 17 Lab 2 DĞƚƌŝĐŵĞĂƐƵƌŝŶŐƐƟĐŬŽƌƚĂƉĞ Balloon Calculator Another person Pie or cake pan Clay Cooking spray Items for cast impressions— shells, bones, leaves, rocks, etc. Plaster of Paris Mixing container Measuring cup Water dŽǁĞů ^ƟƌƐƟĐŬ Chapter 18 Lab & MSLab pp. 377 & Chapter 22 MSLab House, school, or car Book Chicken wing Paper towels ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞǁͬĐŽǀĞƌ Syringe Pandia Press 384 Gloves Scalpel or knife Magnifying ŐůĂƐƐ͕ŽƉƟŽŶĂů Scissors ƵƫŶŐďŽĂƌĚ &ƌĞĞǌĞƌ Desk lamp ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Flashlight Sedimentary rock Paper WĞŶĐŝůǁͬĞƌĂƐĞƌ DĂŐŶŝĨǇŝŶŐŐůĂƐƐ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ p. 576 Ύ ^ůŝĚĞ covers Water Syringe 524 Scissors Glue or tape Friends ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ ŶǀĞůŽƉĞƐ X-Acto knife p. 528 Chapter 29 MSLab Yogurt dŽŽƚŚƉŝĐŬ Water Dropper ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Leaves & 601 Computer & printer /ŶƚĞƌŶĞƚͬ library access p. 618 Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞ blue Chapter 25 Lab & MSLab pp. 543 Chapter 30 Lab & MSLab pp. 631 Colored pens or pencils ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ &ŝĞůĚŐƵŝĚĞƐ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌ Freshly picked grass Pliers Water p. 477 p. 500 Chapter 27 MSLab Nonmetallic bowls ŝƐƟůůĞĚǁĂƚĞƌ White vinegar Leaves Measuring cup X-Acto knife Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Internet access World map Shoebox Drawing paper Art supplies, glue, scissors EĂƚƵƌĞŵĂŐĂǌŝŶĞƐ Various supplies to make biome diorama p. 454 Chapter 24 MSLab Pompoms—brown, black, gray, ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ and white Soil samples Black magic marker dŽƉůŝŐŚƟŶŐ Another person Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ dŝŵĞƌ Spatula Inside carpeted area Chapter 17 MSLab & Lab 1 pp. 356 & Chapter 21 MSLab Marking tags ŝƐƟůůĞĚǁĂƚĞƌ Measuring cup Camera ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ Chapter 24 Act. & Lab pp. 521 & Chapter 28 Lab & Research pp. 593 Chapter 16 Labs 1 & 2 pp. 335 & 345 Chapter 21 Lab ZŽŽŵǁͬƚŚĞƌŵŽƐƚĂƚ Flashlight dĞƐƚƐƵďũĞĐƚ tĂƚĐŚŽƌƟŵĞƌ Family member Paper & pen p. 571 Chapter 26 Lab Water ŝƌƟŐŚƚĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞƌ Pea gravel or pebbles ĐƟǀĂƚĞĚĐŚĂƌĐŽĂů Spanish moss Soil Plants p. 480 Chapter 26 MSLab ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ Water Ύ>ĞŐƵŵĞŝŶŽĐƵůĂŶƚ ;ƌŚŝǌŽďĂĐƚĞƌŝĂͿ & 546 &ŝĞůĚŐƵŝĚĞƐ;ŽƉƟŽŶĂůͿ Blade of grass Leaf Scalpel or paring knife Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ Water Syringe ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ & 633 p. 558 Chapter 31 Lab & MSLab p. 648 Magnifying glass Arachnid specimen Insect specimen ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ Liquid paper Scalpel Ύ^ůŝĚĞƐ Ύ^ůŝĚĞĐŽǀĞƌƐ Copy paper Syringe Water dǁĞĞǌĞƌƐ Flashlight Internet access p. 558 Chapter 32 Lab & MSLab pp. 663 Banana Scalpel & 667 Baggies Yeast String ZƵůĞƌ Mushroom ƵƫŶŐďŽĂƌĚ Flashlight Ύ ^ůŝĚĞƐǁͬ covers ΎDŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ ΎDĞƚŚǇůĞŶĞ blue Syringe Ύ&ŽƌĐĞƉƐ 11 REAL Science Odyssey Introduction Chapter X Read Teacher Guide Test Answer Key Test RSO Biology 2 Teacher Lesson Introduction to Student Unit Tests Guide dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŝǆƚĞƐƚƐƐƉĂŶŶŝŶŐƐĞǀĞŶƵŶŝƚƐ͘dŚĞƚĞƐƚƐĂƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉĞŶĚŝǆŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ text. Answers to the tests are found in this teacher guide following each unit beginning with Unit Ϯ͘dŚĞƚĞƐƚƐŚĂǀĞŵƵůƟƉůĞͲĐŚŽŝĐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ǀŽĐĂďƵůĂƌǇŵĂƚĐŚŝŶŐ͕ƚƌƵĞͬĨĂůƐĞƐĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚƐŚŽƌƚ ǁƌŝƩĞŶĂŶƐǁĞƌƐ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽĐƵŵƵůĂƟǀĞŵŝĚͲƚĞƌŵŽƌĮŶĂůĞǆĂŵ͘KŶĞĐŽƵůĚďĞŵĂĚĞďǇĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƵŶŝƚƚĞƐƚƐ͘ What each test covers: dĞƐƚϭ͗hŶŝƚƐ/KƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐand Unit II Cells, Chapters 1-6 dĞƐƚϮ͗hŶŝƚ///'ĞŶĞƟĐƐ͕ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϳʹϭϬ dĞƐƚϯ͗hŶŝƚ/sŶĂƚŽŵǇΘWŚǇƐŝŽůŽŐǇ͕ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϭϭʹϭϵ dĞƐƚϰ͗hŶŝƚsǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͕ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϮϬʹϮϯ dĞƐƚϱ͗hŶŝƚs/ĐŽůŽŐǇ͕ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϮϰͲϮϳ dĞƐƚϲ͗hŶŝƚs//ůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ͕ŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϮϴͲϯϮ ƐƚŚĞŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŽƌ͕ŝƚŝƐƵƉƚŽǇŽƵŚŽǁƚŚĞƚĞƐƚŝƐĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ͘WŽƐƐŝďůĞŽƉƟŽŶƐĂƌĞ͗ 1. A closed-book test with no notes 2. A closed-book test with one sheet of notes (more pages of notes than this just get in the way) 3. An open-book test ϰ͘ ŽŶ͛ƚƵƐĞŝƚĂƐĂƚĞƐƚĂƚĂůů͖ƵƐĞŝƚĂƐĂƌĞǀŝĞǁ Structure of the tests: ͻDƵůƟƉůĞĐŚŽŝĐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ͻVocabulary match ͻ^ŚŽƌƚĂŶƐǁĞƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ͻdŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ&ĂŵŽƵƐ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ^ĞƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂďƐŝƐŶŽƚƚĞƐƚĞĚ͘ ͻĂĐŚƚĞƐƚŝƐϭϬϬƉŽŝŶƚƐ͘DŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞƚĞƐƚƐŚĂǀĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĞǆƚƌĂĐƌĞĚŝƚ͘ Grading the tests: ͻdŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞǁƌŝƩĞŶĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĐĂŶŵĂŬĞŐƌĂĚŝŶŐĂůŝƩůĞŵŽƌĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚ͘hƐĞŵǇ ĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĂƐĂŐƵŝĚĞ͘:ƵƐƚƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌ͕ƉĂƌƟĂůĐƌĞĚŝƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŝĨ students get most, but not all, of the answer correct. ͻStudents can get more than 100% on the test if they get the extra credit points. ŌĞƌƚŚĞƚĞƐƚ͗ ͻ'ŽŽǀĞƌǁŝƚŚǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂŶǇƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐƚŚĞǇŵŝƐƐĞĚ͘hƐĞŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐĂƐĂŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇƚŽ learn. ͻYou can hand back the test with incorrect answers marked and give ½ credit for any test ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ͘/ůŝŬĞƚŽĚŽƚŚŝƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŬĞĞƉƐƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŽŶƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇƌĞĂƐŽŶ ĨŽƌƐƚƵĚǇŝŶŐĂĐŽƵƌƐĞ͗ƚŽůĞĂƌŶƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͕EKdƚŽŐĞƚĂŐƌĂĚĞ͘ 12 12 Pandia Press Teacher Guide Unit I: Organisms Chapter 1: All Living Things WEEKLY SCHEDULE Two Days Day 1 q Lesson q Read poem q Lab Day 2 q q q q MSLab FSS Lesson Review SWYK Three Days Introduction Unit I is an introductory unit that is one chapter long. There are seven units in this book. Unit I is the only unit that does not have a separate test available. Unit Test 2 covers elements from Units I and II. Prepara on for Lab 1: Locate an area for the plot study experiment. Learning Goals • Learn the nine characteris cs that • Learn how to focus a microscope. define organisms as living. • Inves gate how plot studies are • Study about viruses and their big conducted. effect on all organisms. • Find out about the numbers and • Understand how viruses reproduce. species of wild plant and animal life • Learn the parts of a microscope. near where you live. Day 1 q Lesson q Read Poem Extracurricular Resources Day 2 q Lab Day 3 q q q q MSLab FSS Lesson Review SWYK Five Days Day 1 q Lesson Day 2 q Read Poem q Lab Day 3 q MSLab Books Five Kids & A Monkey Inves gate a Vicious Virus (Five Kids & a Monkey), Beth L. Blair and Nina Riccio Epidemic! The Ba le against Polio, by Stephanie True Peters. For advanced readers, excellent. Jonas Salk, (Inventors and Creators Series), Deanne Durre Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine, Katherine Krohn, This book is wri en in graphic format. Small Steps: The Year I Got Polio, Peg Kehret Jonas Salk: Conquering Polio (Lerner Biographies), Stephanie Sammar no McPherson Jonas Salk: Creator of the Polio Vaccine (Great Minds of Science), Salvatore Tocci Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine (Unlocking the Secrets of Science), John Bankston West Nile Virus (Diseases and Disorders), Melissa Abramovitz West Nile Virus: Epidemics Deadly Diseases Throughout History, Phillip Margulies Ebola Virus (Diseases and People), Edward Wille Understanding Viruses with Max Axiom, Agniesezka Biskup Killer Virus (Choose Your Own Adventure(R), R.A. Montgomery Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom, Kathleen Kudlinski Day 4 q FSS Videos Day 5 h p://video.pbs.org/video/1174115155/ This is a 55-minute video about the polio epidemic that swept the United States in 1950. q Lesson Review q SWYK FSS: Famous Science Series MSLab: Microscope Lab SWYK: Show What You Know Pandia Press 13 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 1 Read Lesson Explore Lab Math This Week 1. Measuring and marking the perimeter of the plot. 2. Mapping the area of the plot—this is a great ac vity to increase spa al awareness. 3. Drawing the mapped plot to scale. 4. Calcula ng the area of the plot. 5. Types of problem solving are: es ma ng, going from % to decimal, mul plying, dividing, adding and rounding. 14 What Is Living? The lesson for this week explains the nine characteris cs that define life. The poem reinforces these characteris cs. Students at this level are competent at knowing when something is alive and when it is not. So competent, in fact, that they might gloss over this sec on. That is why I introduce the intriguing and thoughtprovoking example of viruses. The debate about viruses is a real-world applica on of the characteris cs defining life. As students think through the debate about how viruses should be categorized, living or not, they will have to think through the characteris cs used to define an organism as living. This will help reinforce these defining characteris cs. Students are asked to come to their own conclusion about whether viruses should be reclassified as organisms. There is no right or wrong answer, in my opinion. I am a pragma st, though. Viruses are what they are. The argument is really just a ma er of defini on, but defini ons are very important when classifying organisms, so maybe the defini on is not so trivial a er all. Students are asked to come to their own conclusion, as to whether viruses should be reclassified as organisms. This can be done briefly on paper or orally. I would consider all well-thought out answers as correct. If you want a topic to debate over dinner, this would be a good one. What’s Out There, Anyway? Plot Study This lab is similar to the lab that begins RSO Life Level 1. This is the type of lab I would expect to see at the start of any general biology class. Biology is the study of life. I think all biology students should start with a study of the organisms near where they live. A plot study is a great way to do that. An interes ng addi on to this lab would be to revisit the plot two or three mes over the year and check out the seasonal changes at the plot. You need to give some thought to the loca on of the plot. Choose somewhere that you can sit and observe for a while. Be prepared to help with the measuring of the plot lines, coun ng organisms, and drawing the plot. Do not let the calcula ons page seem overwhelming. There are a lot of words because I am trying to walk students through the process. Just worry about coun ng animals and filling in the data table when you are in the field. If your plot size varies, the size of your rectangle will be different. For example, if your plot is 1m x 2m, then draw a block that is 10 squares by 20 squares on the graph paper. And for lab calcula ons, the area of this plot would be 2m2 (2m x 1m). This is a good lab for wri ng a report lab. On the opposite page is an example of a completed lab report and data tables. Your students’ reports will vary, and should include a drawing of the plot. Pandia Press All Living Things Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Chapter 1: Lab Report Name: ________________________________ Date: _______________ Plot Study From an Irrigation Ditch in the Eastern Sierras Title/Location: ________________________________________________ Hypothesis Using a small plot study of an irrigation ditch, I think I will get a good estimate of the plant and animal species for a larger area. Procedure I conducted a plot study on an irrigation ditch in the Eastern Sierras. I mapped the organisms on a 2m x 2m plot. I used the results from this study to estimate the number of different species and over-all number for each species that would be in 100m2. I measured my plot along the bank of the creek. I began at one corner and methodically drew what was within the plot boundaries. I used the field guides to identify plants and animals. I recorded and counted the different animal and plant species I found onto my data tables. I used these numbers to calculate an estimate of the number and variety of plants and animals for a larger, 100 m2, area. Observations • The flow of water is stronger in the middle of the ditch than on the sides. Most plants and animals prefer either the stronger flow or the weaker flow, but not both. • The spider spun a web over the water. It hid on the side of the ditch until an insect landed on the web. Then it ran out to catch its dinner. • In the past, I have seen an occasional fish in the ditch, but not today. • Dragonflies flew over the ditch and landed on the grass out of the water but never in the water. • Because it has been very cold this spring, I did not see any mosquito larvae. Results and Calculations I estimated the number for each species of animals and plants that I found (see attached Data Tables 1 and 2). On Table 3, I estimate there are nine animal species in 100m2 area of the ditch, and I estimate there are six plant species in 100 m2 area of the ditch. Notes: * I did not observe any fungi, so I did not include that in my Lab Report. * Algae are plant-like protists, not plants, but I listed them under “Plants” in the table. Chapter 1: Data * For the Tables and Calculations, see attached Conclusions In conclusion, I think I got a good estimate of the number of plant and animal species in the irrigation ditch. I also think this was a good method for estimating the over-all number for each species. Lab Calculations Tables 1 and 2 How many of each type of organism is in a 100 square meter area, 100m2? A. Calculate the area of my plot. 2m x 2m = 4m2 plot B. Calculate how many of these plots would fit into 100m2. 100m2 ÷ 4 = 25 of my plots would fit into 100m2 Table 3 I estimate that 10% were missed. I turned 10% into a decimal: 10 ÷ 100 = .1 8 animal species x .1 = .8 .8 is rounded up to 1 How many animal species, would you expect to find in 100m2? 8 + 1 = 9 5 plant species x .1 = .5 .5 is rounded up to 1 How many animal species, would you expect to find in 100m2? 5 + 1 = 6 Pandia Press Tables Table 1 Animals (list each species) # of species in my plot # of my plots that fit into 100m2 Es mate # of species for 100m2 water strider 14 25 350 small snail 20 25 500 large snail 2 25 50 small crickets 5 25 125 little swimming black insects (probably larvae) lots (more than 100) 25 2500+ white swimming insects 11 25 275 spider 1 25 25 sylphid beetle 1 Total animal species= 8 25 25 Table 2 Plants (list each species) # of species in my plot # of my plots that fit into 100m2 Es mate # of species for 100m2 algae, listed as plant 10 cm x 10 cm 25 2500 cm2 long grass growing in water at edge of ditch 10 clumps 25 250 clumps tall grass with seeds in ditch 3 clumps 25 75 clumps 25 425 clumps 25 25 clumps short green grass 17 clumps growing under water plant w/ spiky leaves 1 Total plant species= 5 Table 3 # Species found in my plot Animals Plants Es mate # missed Es mate # of species in 100m2 8 1 9 5 1 6 15 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 1 Explore Microscope Lab Your Microscope: Parts and Focus This lab is a beginner microscope lab. Students will learn the names for the parts of the microscope as well as how to focus the microscope. If your students are experienced microscope users, you might find they do not need to do this lab. Through the remainder of this course, it will be assumed your student has performed this lab, and knows the terminology and how to use a microscope. The instruc ons for the first few microscope labs are very long. They are wri en for those students who have never used a microscope and want to know it all. They are instruc on manuals detailing proper technique, procedure, and terminology. Later in the text, the instruc ons for the microscope labs shorten considerably. Through con nued use, students will become very good at using a microscope. Part 1: Parts of the Microscope The purpose of the first part of this lab is to teach students the names of all the relevant parts of the microscope. See the next page for correct labeling. Students are not expected to memorize microscope terms. I expect they will learn the names of the parts of the microscope through con nued use. Part 2: How to Focus Your Microscope This sec on instructs students on the correct procedure for focusing a microscope. Students are expected to draw three pictures, each is a microscopic view of the paper and ink at one of the three magnifica ons. The oil immersion lens will NOT be used with this lab. Next, students will look at a color picture from a catalogue. It is really interes ng to see how all the colors in a catalogue are made by combining the same four colors of dots in different propor ons. Lab sheet suggested answers: When viewed without MS letters look solid. Under MS there are parts of letters that look sprayed. This is an example of a completed microscope view sheet. Throughout this guide you will find several such examples. These are for reference only. What your student views through the microscope could be vastly different than what is pictured in these examples. 16 Bonus ques on: Do you know the name of the molecule that makes up the fibers you are seeing at 400x magnifica on? cellulose “K” indicates black in the four-color print processing used for your catalogue picture (CMYK). But it doesn’t stand for the word “black.” Research what it does stand for and why. K stands for the word “key.” Way back when color prin ng started, the black plate was called the key plate because it contained the ar s c detail or “key” informa on. Today we say that K means “black,” so as not to confuse it with B (blue) in the RGB color model. Pandia Press All Living Things #14 Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Binocular Compound Light Microscope #14 Monocular Compound Light Microscope #2 Tube #2 Tube Eyepiece Eyepiece Arm #5 #10 Coarse #11 Fine Nosepiece focus knob #8 Stage knobs Stage clips Nosepiece #3 #3 Objective lenses Stage focus knob #4 Stage #6 #6 #12 #12 Illuminator Base #13 #9 Condenser lens Absorb Famous Science Series Objective lenses #5 #4 #9 Coarse focus knob #10 Stage clips Base #13 Arm Fine focus knob #11 #7 Illuminator #1 #1 #7 Diaphragm Famous Pathogen: Polio Living or not, viruses have a big effect on organisms. Most children in this country are vaccinated against polio, so children today might not have heard of it. There was a me when people lived in fear of it. The vaccine for polio was invented by a true American hero, Jonas Salk. Salk spent his life trying to find cures for deadly diseases like AIDS and polio. When he did find a vaccine that worked, he refused to patent it. Vaccines that are not patented are cheaper and therefore available to more people. The following example is very detailed. Students are not expected to answer with as much detail. It is simply for your and their informa on. What is polio? How is it transmi ed? Poliomyeli s or polio is a virus that infects people. Polio is transmi ed through polio-contaminated feces. The route of transmission is usually from a person’s hands to their mouth. You can also get polio from sharing ea ng utensils with an infected person. What does it do to a person who is infected with it? What is paraly c polio? Ninety percent of the people who get polio recover from it with no ill effects. The other ten percent develop symptoms. One percent of these people develop paraly c polio. Paraly c polio causes paralysis. This in turn can lead to deformi es of the hips, ankles, and/or feet. Polio can also cause breathing problems. People who suffered from these breathing problems some mes had to use an iron lung to help them breathe in order to stay alive. In severe cases, people infected with polio died. Pandia Press 17 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 1 How long has polio been infec ng people? Polio has been infec ng people for thousands of years. A stone carving from Egypt dated to about 1500 B.C.E. shows a boy with shrunken legs caused by the virus. Tiny Tim in Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol was probably a vic m of polio. Polio mainly infects children. Which U.S. President had polio? When did he serve as President? How old was he when he contracted polio? Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, was 39 years old when he contracted polio on August 10, 1921. He was the 32nd President. “Once you’ve spent two years trying to wiggle one toe, everything is in propor on,” Franklin Delano Roosevelt said in 1945. FDR had paraly c polio, which caused him to be paralyzed from the waist down. He was the only disabled president. He served as President from 1933 to 1945. He was the only U.S. President to serve three terms. He died less than three months a er he was elected to his fourth term. The United States Cons tu on has since been changed, so that no one can be elected for more than two terms as President. Who discovered the polio vaccine? Polio used to be widespread un l Dr. Jonas Salk, a true American hero, discovered the polio vaccine. The polio vaccine was made available to the public in 1955. He did not patent his polio vaccine discovery, because it would have dras cally increased the medicine’s price. He freely distributed the polio vaccine so every child could be saved from contrac ng this poten ally crippling disease. In addi on to polio, Dr. Salk dedicated his life to researching the causes, preven ons, and cures of influenza, cancer, and AIDS. www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/franklindroosevelt Krohn, Katherine. Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine. Capstone Press, 2007 Facklam, Howard and Margery. Viruses. Twenty-First Century Books, 1994 Learn All Living Things Answers: Show What You Know 18 This penguin is a living being. It is an organism. The penguin eats fish. This is how it takes in energy. A er it eats fish, it has to get rid of waste. Laying eggs is part of how the penguin reproduces. Penguins move when they swim through the water. Penguins ruffle up their feathers, trapping warm air near their bodies to help them stay warm. This is one way penguins respond to their environment. This penguin’s blood carries food to its cells and waste away from its cells. That is because penguins have circula on. This penguin is made from many more than one cell. Penguins get energy from the food they eat. Penguins have respira on. A baby penguin grows a er it hatches from the egg on its way to becoming an adult. Pandia Press All Living Things Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Read All Living Things living beings = organisms Lesson Review Pandia Press The nine characteris cs that define ALL organisms: 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 2. All organisms take in energy. 3. All organisms get rid of waste. 4. All organisms move. 5. All organisms grow. 6. All organisms reproduce. 7. All organisms respond to their environment. 8. All organisms have some type of circula on. 9. All organisms have some type of respira on. *There are two types of respira on, aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen). The example used in this chapter is aerobic respira on. Both types of respira on will be covered in more detail in chapter 6. If something does not have all nine of the characteris cs, it is not defined as living. Viruses reproduce and possibly respond to their environment. Most scien sts do not define viruses as organisms because they do not have the other seven characteris cs needed to define life. Viruses reproduce by a aching to a cell and injec ng parts of itself into the cell. These parts turn the cell into a virus-making factory. 19 Teacher Guide Unit II: Cells Chapter 2: Types WEEKLY SCHEDULE Two Days Day 1 q Lesson q Lab q FSS Day 2 q MSLab q Lesson Review q SWYK Three Days Day 1 q Lesson q Lab Day 2 q MSLab Day 3 q FSS q Lesson Review q SWYK Five Days Day 1 q Lesson Day 2 q Lab Day 3 q MSLab Day 4 q FSS Day 5 q Lesson Review q SWYK Introduction Unit II: Cells Unit II consists of five chapters and it covers the topic of cell biology. All organisms are made from one or more cells. Therefore, an understanding of the structure and func on of cells is fundamental to an understanding of biology. Cells and the molecules that build them cannot be seen individually without the help of an op cal device, like a microscope. Three of the five microscope labs in Unit II examine cells and their parts. The other two microscope labs look at molecules that make cells. In Unit II, several of the labs, Famous Science Series topics, and ac vi es are related to health issues. We are made of cells; how healthy we are is directly related to how well we take care of our cells. Introduction Chapter 2: Types Chapter 2 explains the Cell Theory and the three things all cells share in common. It also classifies the two main groupings for cell types. The history of science is filled with colorful characters and important discoveries. The reasons for, or methods used, when making discoveries are some mes pre y strange. The two labs and one of the discoveries made by the scien st chosen for the Famous Science Series highlight this. Prepara on for microscope lab: The day before, put the cork in a glass of water. It will float, but it will absorb some of the water. Doing this makes it easier to get a thin slice of cork. Learning Goals • Memorize the three parts of the Cell • Perform the historic experiment Theory. when cells were discovered and • Iden fy the three components all named. cells have. • Research the history of the first • Understand the basic difference scien st to see living cells with a between eukaryo c and prokaryo c microscope. cells. • Learn the technique for making wet mount slides. • Learn about the history and process of canning and examine some basic food safety principles as they relate to canning. FSS: Famous Science Series MSLab: Microscope Lab SWYK: Show What You Know Pandia Press 21 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 2 Extracurricular Resources Books The Basics of Cell Life with Max Axiom, Super Scien st, Keyser, Amber J. Enjoy Your Cells, Balkwill, Fran Germ Hunter: A Story About Louis Pasteur, Alphin, Elaine Marie Louis Pasteur, Spengler, Kremena Pasteur’s Fight Against Microbe, Birch, Beverly Louis Pasteur: Founder of Modern Medicine, Tiner, John Hudson Robert Hooke: Natural Philosopher and Scien fic, Burgan, Michael Micrographia - Some Physiological Descrip ons of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses with Observa ons and Inquiries Thereupon, Hooke, Robert Videos/Web 3 Videos about cells: h p://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29530-assignment-discovery-introduc on-to-the-cell-video.htm h p://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28732-assignment-discovery-elements-of-cells-video.htm h p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow0jH2Eg8v4&feature=related. This is a visual treat showing some of the many different cell types that make up the human body Two Videos about Van Leeuwenhoek: h p://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/29782-understanding-antonie-van-leeuwenhoek-video.htm h p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_D5Gu_9hEus&feature=related Read Lesson Explore Lab 22 You Are a Eukaryote The lesson for this week defines the cell and its role as the building block for all living organisms. The Cell Theory is explained. This theory is one of the central tenets of biology. There is an explana on of the three components shared by all cells. The ini al classifica on used for organisms is on the cellular level. It is based on where the gene c material is in the cell. The members of domain Bacteria and domain Archaea have prokaryo c cells without a nucleus. The members of domain Eukarya have eukaryo c cells with a nucleus. (The domain level has been added to the top of the classifica on system in taxonomy. For an explana on, please refer to chapter 28.) Death to the Prokaryotes! In this course I have, whenever possible, paired labs with theory. I feel strongly that a good science text has labs that directly relate to the theory sec ons. The theory sec ons are the wri en lessons. In addi on, for this middle school text, I wanted some of the labs, ac vi es, and Famous Science Series to focus on per nent health concepts. As I was developing a lab for this chapter, two food safety scares occurred in the same month. One was caused by unsanitary prac ces at a food manufacturing plant Pandia Press Types Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Math This Week Food Canning 1. Measuring volume. 2. Diving into parts. involving peanut bu er, and the second was an E. coli scare affec ng spinach. Both of these events resulted in illnesses caused by unicellular prokaryo c pathogens. It is important to include a food safety lab in this course, and apropos when teaching prokaryotes. I want students to understand the poten al devasta on something microscopic can cause if we aren’t careful with the food we eat. Most people take it for granted that the food we eat is safe. Canning is an important method of preserving food. In this lab, students will learn how food is canned and how harmful pathogens in food are killed. They will also learn the interes ng history of canning. The process of canning food was invented so that Napoleon could be er feed his troops during war me. Students will make applesauce in this lab. They will divide it into four parts, one part is to be eaten right away, but one part will be le si ng out. This part will go bad because it is not processed. It should NOT be eaten and will be thrown away. You will know when it has spoiled. The other two parts will be processed. One of these will be eaten in two weeks, the other in two months. The canned applesauce would be good for longer than that, but there needs to be an end date for this experiment. Usually when a person cans food, they can a larger quan ty than that canned for this experiment. The amount to be canned is kept small for those students and teachers who do not want to peel a bushel of apples. If you want to increase the amount, just be consistent with the amounts of the ingredients. Lab Sheet Suggested Answers If old ro ng apples were used . . . Ro ng is caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. The more bacteria on the fruit, the harder it is to get rid of. The whole point is to eat non-ro en food. If bruises were not cut from the apples . . . Bruised apples are damaged. Bruised sites can have small tears in them, which increases the threat that bacteria might have go en inside. If the jars, rims, and lids were not clean . . . You are cleaning away things that might spoil your food and make it unsafe to eat. If the seal between the jar and rim was not ght . . . Microorganisms can get into the jars and spoil the food. If the applesauce was not cooked as long as it should have been . . . You might not have killed all the microorganisms. Pandia Press 23 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 2 Explore Microscope Lab Discovering Cells Yikes! Another microscope lab with lots of explana on and a long procedure sec on. These beginning microscope labs are wri en to give you, the teacher, more op ons. You can spend a lot or a li le me on them. This lab gives step-by-step instruc ons in how to assemble and view a wet mount slide. The microscope labs become much shorter once the various parts and procedures we use in this book have been explained. This lab recreates the historically important lab in which Robert Hooke documented the first microscopic view of a cell. The cells Hooke saw were cork cells. Cork is made from dead tree bark. Unlike cells that are alive, dead cells are “empty.” Students will only see the cell walls of cork. During this lab, students will learn the important microscope technique of making wet mount slides. Microscope Note: • If the cork is sliced too thick, you will not have a clear view of each cell. Absorb Antony Van Leeuwenhoek Suggested Answers: Famous Science Series 24 Why is Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (layu-wen-hook) famous? What did he discover? What did he use to discover them? Antony Van Leeuwenhoek has been called the father of microbiology. He is best known for his work to improve microscope technology. He became fascinated with how lenses magnify. He began grinding and polishing his own lenses. At the me, his lenses were some of the finest made. Pandia Press Types Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide With his microscope, Van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, blood cells, and much more. It was not a compound microscope, though. It was more like a very strong magnifying glass. The bacteria that Van Leeuwenhoek discovered came from scrapings from an old man’s teeth. This man had never brushed his teeth in his life! EW! YUCH! When and where was he born? October 24, 1632 in Del , Holland When did he die? August 30, 1723 He was inspired a er reading a famous book wri en by Robert Hooke. What is the tle? Micrographia It has been speculated that the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer used op cal aids produced by Van Leeuwenhoek. How would these have help Vermeer? It might be that Vermeer used op cal aids produced by Van Leeuwenhoek to get a be er feel for light and perspec ve in his pain ngs. How many microscopes did Van Leeuwenhoek make? What happened to them? Van Leeuwenhoek made over 500 microscopes. Unfortunately, he made them out of silver and gold. When he died, his family sold them for the monetary value of the metal. Learn Show What You Know 5. Cell Types Mul ple Choice: 1. A shark is made from eukaryo c cells. 2. The bacteria that causes strep throat are made from prokaryo c cells. 3. The basic unit of structure and func on of an organism is called a cell. 4. Unicellular organisms are prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Fill In the Blanks: DNA The Cell Theory states: cell membrane nucleus 7. Cells come only from other living cells. cytoplasm Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Pandia Press 6. Every organism is made of one or more cells. 8. Cells are the basic unit of structure and func on needed to support life. 9. Ques on: What famous scien st coined the term cell? Why didn’t he see a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, or gene c material? Robert Hooke. He didn’t see these things because the cells he saw with his microscope were “dead” cells. They were no longer part of a living organism. He saw the cell walls. The nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and gene c material had decomposed and disintegrated long before he looked at the cork with his microscope. 25 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 2 10. Match the word with the best defini on. Unicellular Cell Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Eukaryote Mul cellular Prokaryote Read Lesson Review many-celled a jelly-like material inside all cells gene c material, deoxyribonucleic acid one-celled an organism whose DNA is located in the cytoplasm the basic unit of life an organism whose DNA is located inside the nucleus encloses and protects the inside of the cell Cell Types Cell theory • Every organism is made of one or more cells. • Cells come only from other living cells. • Cells are the basic unit of structure and func on needed to support life. All cells have • cell membrane • cytoplasm • DNA Cells can be prokaryo c = NO nucleus = DNA floats in the cytoplasm ALL prokaryotes are unicellular. Bacteria are prokaryo c. “I’m free!! I’m free!!” Cells can be eukaryo c = YOU! = DNA in a nucleus ALL mul cellular organisms are eukaryotes. Some unicellular organisms are eukaryotes, too. “I’m protected!!” 26 Pandia Press Teacher Guide Unit III: II: Genetics Chapter 10: 2: Your Inheritance WEEKLY WEEKLY SCHEDULE SCHEDULE Two Two Days Days Day 1 Day 1 Lesson Lab MSLab Day 2 FSS Day 2 Three Days ĐƟǀŝƚǇ >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK Day 1 hŶŝƚ///dĞƐƚ Day 2 Days Three Day 1 Day 3 Lesson Lab Day 2 Five Days MSLab FSS Day 1 ĐƟǀŝƚǇ Day Day 32 >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK hŶŝƚ///dĞƐƚ Day 3 Introduction ŚĂƉƚĞƌϭϬŝƐĂďŽƵƚŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĞĚƚƌĂŝƚƐ͘dŚŝƐƐƵďũĞĐƚŝƐĂĨĂǀŽƌŝƚĞĨŽƌŵĂŶǇƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐŽĨŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĂŶĐĞĂƌĞĨĂŝƌůǇƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƞŽƌǁĂƌĚĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇĨŽƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚŽĂƉƉůǇǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞůĞĂƌŶĞĚĂďŽƵƚŐĞŶĞƟĐƐƚŚƵƐĨĂƌ͘ƵƚƚŚŝƐůĂƐƚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ ŽŶŐĞŶĞƟĐƐŝƐĮůůĞĚǁŝƚŚƐƚƌĂŶŐĞŶĞǁƚĞƌŵŝŶŽůŽŐǇƚŚĂƚŵŝŐŚƚŵĂŬĞƚŚŝƐƐĞĞŵŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŶĨƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĂŶŝƚĂĐƚƵĂůůǇŝƐ͘ŽŶ͛ƚƐŚǇĂǁĂǇĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǀŽĐĂďƵůĂƌǇ͘tŝƚŚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƵƐĞ͕ students will pick it up fast. dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞůĂƐƚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌŝŶhŶŝƚ///͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂhŶŝƚ///ƚĞƐƚƚŚĂƚĐŽǀĞƌƐƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϳƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭϬ͕ŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉĞŶĚŝǆŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞǆƚ͘dŚĞĂŶƐǁĞƌŬĞǇŝƐ found here at the end of this chapter. WƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂď͗ŽůůĞĐƚŚƵŵĂŶŚĂŝƌƐƚƌĂŶĚƐŝŶĂƐŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽůŽƌƐĂƐǇŽƵ ĐĂŶ͘DĂŬĞƐƵƌĞĂůůďƵƚŽŶĞŝƐƵŶƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ͘ůƐŽ͕ƚƌǇƚŽŐĞƚŚĂŝƌƐĂŵƉůĞƐĨƌŽŵƐŽŵĞŽŶĞǁŚŽŝƐ ŐŽŝŶŐŐƌĂǇ͖ĐŽůůĞĐƚŽŶĞŐƌĂǇŚĂŝƌĂŶĚŽŶĞŶŽŶͲŐƌĂǇŚĂŝƌ͘ Learning Goals ͻ / ŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞŚŽǁŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŽĨƚŚĞ same species come to have unique traits. ͻ Understand how genotype, phenotype, and traits relate. ͻ Understand the new terminology ĂŶĚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐƌĞůĂƟŶŐƚŽĂůůĞůĞƐ͘ ͻ h ŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŽƵƐĞĂWƵŶŶĞƩ square and a probability table. Five Days Day 4 Day 1 Lesson Day Lab5 Day 2 MS Lab Day 3 ͻ Introduce the concept that genes, environment, and choices make you who you are. ͻ Learn the Law of Independent Assortment of Alleles. ͻ >ĞĂƌŶƚŚĞ>ĂǁŽĨ^ĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͘ ͻ Learn about your family traits. Extracurricular Resources Books 'ƌĞŐŽƌDĞŶĚĞů͗dŚĞ&ƌŝĂƌtŚŽ'ƌĞǁWĞĂƐ, Bardoe, Cheryl 'ƌĞŐŽƌDĞŶĚĞů͗'ĞŶĞƟĐƐWŝŽŶĞĞƌ͗>ŝĨĞ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ, Van Grop, Lynn 'ƌĞŐŽƌDĞŶĚĞů͗ŶĚƚŚĞZŽŽƚƐŽĨ'ĞŶĞƟĐƐ͕ĚĞůƐŽŶ͕ĚǁĂƌĚ Videos Day 4 ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬƵĐͲĚĂǀŝƐͬϭϲϴϵͲŵĂƉƉŝŶŐͲƚŚĞͲŚƵŵĂŶͲŐĞŶŽŵĞͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ͘/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐ discussion about traits and diet. ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͲĐŚĂŶŶĞůͬϮϵϳϴϰͲϭϬϬͲŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐͲŐĞŶĞƟĐƐͲĂŶĚͲ gregor-mendal-video.htm >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK Website FSS ĐƟǀŝƚǇ Day 5 hŶŝƚ///dĞƐƚ Pandia Press ůŽŽĚƚǇƉĞŐĂŵĞ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬŶŽďĞůƉƌŝǌĞ͘ŽƌŐͬĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůͺŐĂŵĞƐͬŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞͬůĂŶĚƐƚĞŝŶĞƌͬ ŽŐͲďƌĞĞĚŝŶŐŐĂŵĞ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƉďƐŬŝĚƐ͘ŽƌŐͬĚƌĂŐŽŶŇǇƚǀͬŐĂŵĞƐͬŐĂŵĞͺĚŽŐďƌĞĞĚŝŶŐ͘Śƚŵů ŐŽŽĚĂƌƟĐůĞĂďŽƵƚŚĂŝƌĐŽůŽƌ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĞŶ͘ǁŝŬŝƉĞĚŝĂ͘ŽƌŐͬǁŝŬŝͬ,ƵŵĂŶͺŚĂŝƌͺĐŽůŽƌ 77 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 10 Read Lesson Explore Lab 78 What Makes You You & Everyone Else Too Students are introduced to the new terms ŐĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ and ƉŚĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ in this lesson. Your genes make up your genotype. Phenotype is the expression of your ŐĞŶĞƐ͕ǇŽƵƌĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ͘'ĞŶŽƚǇƉĞŝƐƚŚĞŵĂŝŶĨĂĐƚŽƌĂīĞĐƟŶŐƉŚĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ͘/ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƐĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵŚĂƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŵĂŝŶĨĂĐƚŽƌĂīĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŝƌĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĞĂĐŚŐĞŶĞ͘ŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĂŐĞŶĞĐŽĚĞĨŽƌŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉƌŽƚĞŝŶ͖ƚŚĞǇũƵƐƚŵĂŬĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐŽĨŝƚ͘ůŽŶĚŚĂŝƌǀĞƌƐƵƐďƌŽǁŶ ŚĂŝƌ͕ĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͘zŽƵƐƟůůŚĂǀĞŚĂŝƌ͖ŝƚŝƐũƵƐƚĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽůŽƌ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐůĞƐƐŽŶƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ color alleles as they read. dŽŚĞůƉĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞŚŽǁĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂůůĞůĞƐĂīĞĐƚƉŚĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ͕/ĐĂŵĞƵƉǁŝƚŚ an imaginary creature, qwitekutesnutes [quite-cute-snoots]. I used an imaginary ĐƌĞĂƚƵƌĞŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨĂƌĞĂůͲůŝĨĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵĨŽƌƐĞǀĞƌĂůƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ͘dŚĞŐĞŶĞƟĐƐ/ŚĂǀĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƐŽĨĂƌŝŶhŶŝƚ///ĂƌĞƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƞŽƌǁĂƌĚ͕ďĂƐŝĐ͕ĂŶĚƐŝŵƉůŝĮĞĚ͘/ŶƌĞĂůŝƚǇ͕ ŐĞŶĞƟĐƐŝƐŽŌĞŶŵƵĐŚŵŽƌĞĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚ͘dƌĂŝƚƐĐĂŶďĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚďǇŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶ ƚǁŽĂůůĞůĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĐĂŶďĞŝŶĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůůŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ traits can be very close to each other on a chromosome so that the assortment of ƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŐĞŶĞƐŝƐŶŽƚĞŶƟƌĞůǇŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ŝƚǁŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĐůŽƐĞ ƚŽŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽďĞĂďƐŽůƵƚĞůǇĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ/ǁĂƐŐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƟĐƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ ĨŽƌĂŶǇůŝǀŝŶŐŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵ͘tŝƚŚƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐ/ŚĂĚƚŽƚĂůĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƟĐƐ͘/ ǁĂƐĂďůĞƚŽŬĞĞƉŝƚƐŝŵƉůĞ͕ƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƞŽƌǁĂƌĚ͕ĂŶĚĂƚŐƌĂĚĞůĞǀĞů͕ǁŚŝůĞƐƟůůŚĂǀŝŶŐĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƚŽƵƐĞĂƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͘WůƵƐƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐĂƌĞ͕ǁĞůů͘͘͘ƋƵŝƚĞĐƵƚĞ͊ Your Family Traits dŚŝƐůĂďŝƐƐŽŵƵĐŚĨƵŶ͘/ŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁĂƐŵĂŶǇĐůŽƐĞƌĞůĂƟǀĞƐĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘dŚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĨŽƌƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐĞǇĞĐŽůŽƌ͕ĂƌĞƐƵďũĞĐƟǀĞ͘>ĞƚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁĞƌ decide. If your student is adopted, I recommend you adapt this lab rather than skip it. An adopted child could choose a subject: someone who has access to and ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨŵĂŶǇďůŽŽĚƌĞůĂƟǀĞƐ͘dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚĐŽƵůĚŐĂƚŚĞƌĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞůĂďďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐƵďũĞĐƚ͘ĐƚƵĂůůǇ͕ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐĂƌĞƌĂƌĞůǇƚŚĞƐƵďũĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶ ĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƐŽƵƐŝŶŐĂƚŚŝƌĚƉĂƌƚǇŝƐĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞǁĂǇƚŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƚŚŝƐ lab. zŽƵŵĂǇŶĞĞĚƚŽŚĞůƉƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇĮůůŝŶƚŚĞWŚĞŶŽƚǇƉĞƚŽ'ĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ Worksheet. Answers will vary according to the subjects used. A few notes: ͻ/ĨĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁĞĚŚĂƐŽŶůǇƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƚƌĂŝƚ͕ƚŚŝƐĚŽĞƐEKdŵĞĂŶƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞĂůůŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĂůůĞůĞ͘ ͻtŚĞŶƚŚĞǇŽĐĐƵƌ͕ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐĂŶǁŽƌŬďĂĐŬĨƌŽŵĂŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƉŚĞŶŽƚǇƉĞƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĂŚĞƚĞƌŽǌǇŐŽƵƐŐĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ͘ ͻůŽŽĚƚǇƉĞŝƐĂŐĞŶĞƟĐƚƌĂŝƚƚŚĂƚŝƐŶŽƚĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚďǇŽŶĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚŽƌƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞ ĂůůĞůĞ͘ŽƚŚĂůůĞůĞƐĂƌĞĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚŝĨƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂůůĞůĞƐĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͘dŚĞĂůůĞůĞƐĂƌĞ co-dominant. Pandia Press Your Inheritance Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Explore Microscope Lab Phenotype Under the Scope dŚŝƐĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐƵƌƉƌŝƐĞĚĞǀĞŶŵĞǁŝƚŚŝƚƐĨƵŶĨĂĐƚŽƌ͘zŽƵĐĂŶƐĞĞƚŚĞĐŽůŽƌ ŵŽůĞĐƵůĞƐĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞŚĂŝƌƐŚĂŌĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĂŌƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƵŶƉŝŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ͘ ǇĞĚŚĂŝƌůŽŽŬƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨƌŽŵƵŶĚǇĞĚŚĂŝƌ͘'ƌĂǇŚĂŝƌŚĂƐĐŽůŽƌŵŽůĞĐƵůĞƐďƵƚƚŚĞǇ ŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌŚĂǀĞĐŽůŽƌŝŶƚŚĞŵ͘'ĞƚĂƐŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇĐŽůŽƌĞĚ hair as you can. (I asked for samples at a dinner party.) You only need one sample of ĚǇĞĚŚĂŝƌ͕ďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞǇĂůůůŽŽŬƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĞǆĐĞƉƚĐŽĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽůŽƌ͘ Human hair Wet Binocular There are color molecules running through the hair shaft. The darker the hair, the more molecules there are and the darker the hair looks. The gray hair has color molecules that are clear. The dyed hair looks like it was coated with color. The bleached hair looks just like the gray hair. Absorb Famous Science Series Gregor Mendel, the Father of Modern Genetics dŚĞƌĞǁĂƐĂůŽƚŐŽŝŶŐŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĮĞůĚŽĨŐĞŶĞƟĐƐŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚƚŽůĂƚĞϭϴϬϬƐ͘/Ŷ ϭϴϱϵ͕ŚĂƌůĞƐĂƌǁŝŶƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂůǁŽƌŬŽŶĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶĂŶĚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ͕ dŚĞKƌŝŐŝŶŽĨ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ. In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of seven years ŽĨƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƚŚĂƚĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚŚŽǁƚƌĂŝƚƐǁĞƌĞƉĂƐƐĞĚĨƌŽŵƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘ Unfortunately, Mendel published in an obscure Austrian periodical and Darwin ŶĞǀĞƌůĞĂƌŶĞĚŽĨDĞŶĚĞů͛ƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘/ƚǁĂƐƵŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚĂƌǁŝŶ ǁĂƐĂďůĞƚŽĞǆƉůĂŝŶƚŚĞ͞ǁŚĂƚ͟ŽĨĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͕ŚĞĚŝĚŶŽƚŬŶŽǁƚŚĞŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƚŚĂƚ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞ͞ŚŽǁ͟ŽĨĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘/ƚǁĂƐ͕ĂƚƚŚĂƚƟŵĞ͕ĂƐĞƌŝŽƵƐŇĂǁƚŽŚŝƐƚŚĞŽƌǇ͘ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚŝŶŵŽƌĞĚĞƚĂŝůŝŶhŶŝƚϱ͘ /ĨƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕ĚŽƚŚĞ&ĂŵŽƵƐ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ^ĞƌŝĞƐĨŽƌĐŚĂƉƚĞƌϭϬĂŶĚƚŚĞ͞DĂŬĞzŽƵƌ KǁŶYǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞ͟ĐƟǀŝƚǇƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘ Possible Answers: When and where was Gregor Mendel born? ,ĞŝǌĞŶĚŽƌĨ͕ƵƐƚƌŝĂŽŶ:ƵŶĞϮϮ͕ϭϴϮϮ͘ ,ĞŝǌĞŶĚŽƌĨ͕ƵƐƚƌŝĂŝƐŶŽǁ,ǇŶĐŝĐĞ͕ǌĞĐŚŽƐůŽǀĂŬŝĂ͘ Pandia Press 79 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 10 tŚĂƚĚŝĚDĞŶĚĞůĚŽƐŽƚŚĂƚŚĞĐŽƵůĚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞŚŝƐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͍,ĞũŽŝŶĞĚƚŚĞ ƵŐƵƐƟŶŝĂŶďďĞǇŽĨ^ƚ͘dŚŽŵĂƐŝŶǁŚĂƚŝƐŶŽǁƌŶŽ͕ǌĞĐŚŽƐůŽǀĂŬŝĂ͕ŝŶϭϴϰϯ͘ What is the blending theory of inheritance? The blending theory states that the ƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƌĞƐƵůƚĨƌŽŵĂďůĞŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘ƚĂůů ƉĂƌĞŶƚĂŶĚĂƐŚŽƌƚƉĂƌĞŶƚǁŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŽĨŵĞĚŝƵŵŚĞŝŐŚƚ͘ From 1856 to 1863, Mendel conducted an experiment with over 28,000 plants. What type of plant did he use? WĞĂƉůĂŶƚƐ͕ĐŽŵŵŽŶŐĂƌĚĞŶƉĞĂ What seven traits did he study in these plants? ŇŽǁĞƌĐŽůŽƌ͕ŇŽǁĞƌƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ƐƚĞŵ ůĞŶŐƚŚ͕ƐĞĞĚƐŚĂƉĞ͕ƐĞĞĚĐŽůŽƌ͕ƉŽĚƐŚĂƉĞ͕ĂŶĚƉŽĚĐŽůŽƌ Did Mendel prove or disprove the blending theory of inheritance? tŚĞŶDĞŶĚĞů ĐƌŽƐƐĞĚƉůĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚƌĂŝƚƐ͕ŚĞŐŽƚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚǁŽƚƌĂŝƚƐ͕ŶŽƚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞ ŵŝĚĚůĞ͘dŚŝƐĚŝƐƉƌŽǀĞĚƚŚĞďůĞŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĂŶĐĞ͘&ƌŽŵƚŚŝƐŚĞĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚƚƌĂŝƚƐĂƌĞƉĂƐƐĞĚŽŶƵŶĐŚĂŶŐĞĚĨƌŽŵƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƚŽŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐďǇ͞ƵŶŝƚƐ͕͟ŶŽǁĐĂůůĞĚ genes. What two laws did Mendel discover?>ĂǁŽĨ/ŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚƐƐŽƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨůůĞůĞƐand ƚŚĞ>ĂǁŽĨ^ĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ When Mendel crossed true-breeding green peas and white peas, he got all green ƉĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞ&ϭŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘tŚĞŶŚĞĐƌŽƐƐĞĚƚǁŽŽĨƚŚĞŐƌĞĞŶƉĞĂƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ&ϭ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŚĞŐŽƚвŐƌĞĞŶƉĞĂƐĂŶĚЬǇĞůůŽǁƉĞĂŝŶƚŚĞ&ϮŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘tŚŝĐŚŝƐ the dominant trait and which is the recessive trait? 'ƌĞĞŶŝƐĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ͕ǇĞůůŽǁŝƐ recessive tĂƐDĞŶĚĞůĨĂŵŽƵƐŝŶŚŝƐůŝĨĞƟŵĞ͍EŽ͕ƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƚŽŽŬůŝƩůĞŶŽƟĐĞ ŽĨŚŝƐǁŽƌŬ͘/ƚǁĂƐŶŽƚƵŶƟůϭϵϬϬ͕ƐŝǆƚĞĞŶǇĞĂƌƐĂŌĞƌŚŝƐĚĞĂƚŚ͕ƚŚĂƚƚŚƌĞĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŽĞǆƉůĂŝŶƚŚĞůĂǁƐŽĨŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĂŶĐĞƌĞĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚDĞŶĚĞů͛ƐǁŽƌŬ͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ǌĞƉŚǇƌƵƐ͘ĐŽ͘ƵŬͬŐƌĞŐŽƌŵĞŶĚĞů͘Śƚŵů ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬďŝŽůŽŐǇ͘ĂďŽƵƚ͘ĐŽŵͬŽĚͬŵĞŶĚĞůŝĂŶŐĞŶĞƟĐƐͬƐƐͬůĂǁŽĨƐĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ͘Śƚŵ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĂŶŐĞůĮƌĞ͘ĐŽŵͬǌŝŶĞͬďĂƉƟƐƚƐƵƌĨĞƌͬŝŽDĞŶĚĞů͘Śƚŵů Explore Activity 80 Make Your Own Qwitekutesnute dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽĂŶƐǁĞƌƐŚĞĞƚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐ͘ƌĂǁŝŶŐƐǁŝůůǀĂƌǇĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐŽĨ the qwitekutesnute. dŚŝƐĂĐƟǀŝƚǇŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽďĞĚŽŶĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ&ĂŵŽƵƐ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ^ĞƌŝĞƐ͘ You might need to remind your student that the assortment of alleles is random. zŽƵĚŽŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐŐĞƚǁŚĂƚǇŽƵǁĂŶƚ͘dŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚƐĞĞŵƐůŝŬĞƐŝůůǇĂĚǀŝĐĞ͕ďƵƚŝŶŵǇ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŽŌĞŶǁĂŶƚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚƌĂŝƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶ ĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞƌĂŶĚŽŵŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐƚŚĞƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞŐĞƚƐ͘ Pandia Press Your Inheritance Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Learn Your Inheritance ϭ͘DĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǀŽĐĂďƵůĂƌǇǁŽƌĚŽŶƚŚĞůĞŌƐŝĚĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐŝĚĞ͘ Show What You Know allele the set of genes in an organism homologous chromosomes an allele that is expressed only if two copies are present in the genotype genotype a chart used to predict genotype based ŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚ͛ƐĂůůĞůĞƐ phenotype forms of a gene dominant allele two of the same copies of an allele recessive allele ĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵ͛ƐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ chromosome pairs ŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐ an allele that is expressed if one or more copies are present in the genotype ŚĞƚĞƌŽǌǇŐŽƵƐ WƵŶŶĞƩƐƋƵĂƌĞ 2. ƚǁŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽƉŝĞƐŽĨĂŶĂůůĞůĞ H h h Hh hh h Hh hh ,сŵŽŚĂǁŬŚĂŝƌĚŽŚсĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ Genotype Genotype Probability Genotype &ƌĂĐƟŽŶ Genotype Percentage Phenotype Phenotype Probability Phenotype &ƌĂĐƟŽŶ Phenotype Percentage Hh 2:4 2/4 50% Mohawk 2:4 2/4 50% hh 2:4 2/4 50% ĂƌdƵŌƐ 2:4 2/4 50% What is the probability of a qwitekutesnute baby from this pair having ĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ͍Ϯ͗ϰ сϱϬй /ĨƚŚĞƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŚĂǀĞϭϮďĂďŝĞƐ͕ŚŽǁŵĂŶǇƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ͍ tŝůůƚŚĂƚŵĂŶǇĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇŚĂǀĞĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ͍ϲ͘EŽ͕ƚŚŝƐŝƐũƵƐƚƚŚĞůŝŬĞůŝŚŽŽĚ͕ƚŚĞ probability. Pandia Press 81 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 10 If qwitekutesnute parents both have gray eyes (a dominant trait among ƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐͿ͕ĐŽƵůĚƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞŐƌĞĞŶͲĞǇĞĚŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ;ĂƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞƚƌĂŝƚͿ͍ǆƉůĂŝŶ your answer. zĞƐ͕ŝĨďŽƚŚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂƌĞŚĞƚĞƌŽǌǇŐŽƵƐ͕Ğ͕ĨŽƌĞǇĞĐŽůŽƌ͕ƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞ ĂďĂďǇƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞĨŽƌĞǇĞĐŽůŽƌ͘ If qwitekutesnute parents both have 4 whiskers, a recessive trait, could they ŚĂǀĞŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐǁŝƚŚϳǁŚŝƐŬĞƌƐ͍ǆƉůĂŝŶǇŽƵƌĂŶƐǁĞƌ͘EŽ͕ďŽƚŚƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂƌĞ ŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐŽŶĞŝƚŚĞƌƉĂƌĞŶƚŚĂƐƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĂůůĞůĞƚŽƉĂƐƐ ŽŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘ DƵůƟƉůĞŚŽŝĐĞ ϭ͘ >ĂǁŽĨ^ĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶƐƚĂƚĞƐallele pairs separate during meiosis 2. Law of Independent Assortment states ĂůůĞůĞƉĂŝƌƐĂƐƐŽƌƚŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚůǇŽĨŽŶĞ another ϯ͘ dŚĞƐĐĂƌŽŶǇŽƵƌĐŚŝŶŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨphenotype ϰ͘ dŚĞĂůůĞůĞƉĂŝƌtǁŝƐŚĞƚĞƌŽǌǇŐŽƵƐ ϱ͘ dŚĞĂůůĞůĞƉĂŝƌŝƐŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ ϲ͘ dŚĞĂůůĞůĞƉĂŝƌĞĞŝƐŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞ 7. If two parents with brown hair have a baby with blond hair, the allele for blond hair must be recessive ϴ͘ dƌĂŝƚƐĂƌĞinherited and acquired 9. Your genotype is ƚŚĞƐĞƚŽĨŐĞŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐŽŵĂƟĐĐĞůůƐŝŶǇŽƵƌďŽĚǇ 10. Your traits are your phenotype ϰ͘ǆƚƌĂWƌĂĐƟĐĞ HH x HH phenotype: 100% mohawk hair H H H HH HH H HH HH HH x Hh phenotype: 100% mohawk hair H H H HH HH h Hh Hh HH x hh phenotype: 100% mohawk hair 82 H H h Hh Hh h Hh Hh Hh x Hh phenotype: 75% mohawk hair, ϮϱйĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ H h H HH Hh h Hh hh Hh x hh phenotype: 50% mohawk hair, ϱϬйĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ H h h Hh hh h Hh hh hh x hh phenotype: ϭϬϬйĞĂƌƚƵŌƐ h h h hh hh h hh hh Pandia Press Your Inheritance Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Read Lesson Review Your Inheritance TraitsсŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĞĚĂŶĚĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ /ŶŚĞƌŝƚĞĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ= traits determined by genes, e.g. eye color, heart murmur ĐƋƵŝƌĞĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ = traits from life experiences, ex. scars Meiosis separates alleles so there is one copy of an allele in a gamete. &ĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶсϭŚĂƉůŽŝĚƐĞƚŽĨŵŽƚŚĞƌ͛ƐĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐнϭŚĂƉůŽŝĚƐĞƚŽĨĨĂƚŚĞƌ͛Ɛ DŝƚŽƐŝƐʹdŚŝƐĐĞůůƌĞƉůŝĐĂƚĞƐƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŽƌĞĐĞůůƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĂůůŐĞŶĞƟĐĂůůǇŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůƚŽ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĐĞůů͕ƚŚĞǌǇŐŽƚĞ͘ dŚĞĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐŽĨĚŝƉůŽŝĚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĐŽŵĞŝŶƉĂŝƌƐŽĨŚŽŵŽůŽŐŽƵƐĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐ͘ ϭĚŝƉůŽŝĚƐĞƚŽĨŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͛ƐĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐсŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͛ƐŐĞŶŽƚǇƉĞ Genotype determines phenotype. Genotype = a set of genes in an organism Phenotype = the appearance of the organism Alleles are the forms a gene comes in. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. Allele vocabulary and rules: ͻŶƵƉƉĞƌĐĂƐĞůĞƩĞƌсĂĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĂůůĞůĞ ͻůŽǁĞƌĐĂƐĞůĞƩĞƌсĂƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞĂůůĞůĞ ͻttсŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ ͻtǁсŚĞƚĞƌŽǌǇŐŽƵƐ ͻǁǁсŚŽŵŽǌǇŐŽƵƐƌĞĐĞƐƐŝǀĞ Your inherited traits are determined by the alleles you inherit. >ĂǁŽĨ^ĞŐƌĞŐĂƟŽŶ = allele pairs separate during meiosis Law of Independent Assortment = allele pairs separate independently of each other Pandia Press 83 Teacher Guide Units III: Genetics Read Test Chapters 7 - 10 Answer Key Lesson dŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƚĞƐƚĨŽƌhŶŝƚ///ŝƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉĞŶĚŝǆŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŐƵŝĚĞ͘ 1. Vocabulary (2 points each, 18 points total) Homologous chromosomes Zygote Gametes Haploid Genome ƐĞǆƵĂůƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ Division of cytoplasm, organelles, and cell d ŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƐĞƚŽĨŐĞŶĞƐŝŶĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵ͛ƐĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐ hƐŝŶŐŵŝƚŽƐŝƐƚŽŵĂŬĞŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ Diploid cell made from the process of ĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ A cell whose chromosome number is n Chromosome pairs Cytokinesis dŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨĐŽƉǇŝŶŐEĨƌŽŵĂ complementary strand of DNA ZĞƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ Haploid sex cells Allele Form of a gene 2. True or False;ϭ͘ϱƉŽŝŶƚƐĞĂĐŚ͕ϭϱƉŽŝŶƚƐƚŽƚĂů͘WůƵƐϭĞǆƚƌĂĐƌĞĚŝƚĞĂĐŚĨŽƌĐŽƌƌĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞĨĂůƐĞƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘Ϳ F Cytokinesis is the part of the cell cycle when proteins are made. interphase dIn humans, it is the gamete from the father that determines gender. F ƵƌŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ͕ZEŐŝǀĞƐƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂƉƌŽƚĞŝŶƚŽDNA. ribosomes F MeiosisƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶŐĞŶĞƟĐĂůůǇŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůĐĞůůƐ͘mitosis dEĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĂůůƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽƌƵŶǇŽƵƌďŽĚǇ͘ d/ĨĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵŚĂƐϭϬĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƐŽŵĂƟĐĐĞůůƐ͕ƚŚĞŝƌŐĂŵĞƚĞƐǁŝůůŚĂǀĞϱĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐŝŶ them. F dŚĞgenes you inherit are responsible for all your traits. some of your traits. Other traits, such as scars, are acquired. ddŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐďŽŶĚŝŶŐŽĨďĂƐĞƉĂŝƌƐŵĂŬĞƐƚŚĞƌĞƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨEƐƚƌĂŶĚƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘ F Meiosis starts with 1 cell and ends with 2 cells. 4 dA diploid cell has 2n chromosomes in it. 84 Pandia Press Unit III: Genetics Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ϯ͘ DƵůƟƉůĞŚŽŝĐĞ(2 points each, 20 points total) dŚĞĂĐƌŽŶǇŵĨŽƌƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƚĞƉƐŵŝƚŽƐŝƐĂŶĚŵĞŝŽƐŝƐĨŽůůŽǁŝƐWDd. dŚĞŐĞŶĚĞƌŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐŝƐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚďǇƚŚĞϮϯƌĚĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞŝŶƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉĂƩĞƌŶ͗male XY, female XX. ƵƌŝŶŐƉƌŽƉŚĂƐĞ͕ƚŚĞͺͺͺͺͺďĞĐŽŵĞǀŝƐŝďůĞ͘homologous chromosomes ƚƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨŵĞŝŽƐŝƐƚŚĞƌĞŝƐͬĂƌĞͺͺͺͺĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞ;ƐͿ͘ƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨŵĞŝŽƐŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞͺͺͺͺ chromosomes. 2n, n dŚĞƚŚƌĞĞƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƐŽŵĂƟĐĐĞůůĐǇĐůĞĂƌĞinterphase, mitosis, cytokinesis. DNA is in the shape of a double helix. ƵƌŝŶŐĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚǁŽŐĂŵĞƚĞƐĨƵƐĞƚŽŵĂŬĞĂǌǇŐŽƚĞ. How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell? 46 dŚĞĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŽƌĚĞƌŐŽŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƐƚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐďůŽĐŬƚŽƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƐƚŝƐamino acid, codon, gene, chromosome, homologous chromosome, genome tŚĞŶďĂĐƚĞƌŝĂƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƵƐŝŶŐĂƐĞǆƵĂůƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ŝƚŝƐĐĂůůĞĚďŝŶĂƌǇĮƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ϰ͘tƌŝƩĞŶŶƐǁĞƌƐ͘ ĞƐĐƌŝďĞŚŽǁĂƉƌŽƚĞŝŶŝƐŵĂĚĞ͘^ƚĂƌƚǇŽƵƌĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĞǀĞŶƚƐŝŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞŶƵĐůĞƵƐ͘DĂŬĞƐƵƌĞƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞ correct vocabulary terms when describing the process of protein synthesis. (10 points total, 2 for each of the four steps and 1 point for the correct use of the terms ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ and ƚƌĂŶƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ.) ϭ͘dŚĞŐĞŶĞƚŚĂƚĐŽĚĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂŬŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞŝŶƵŶƌĂǀĞůƐ͘ Ϯ͘ŶZEŵŽůĞĐƵůĞŝƐďƵŝůƚĂůŽŶŐĂŐĞŶĞƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞŽĨE͘dŚŝƐŝƐĐĂůůĞĚƚƌĂŶƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͘ ϯ͘dŚĞZEŵŽůĞĐƵůĞ;ƚŚĞZEƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞͿůĞĂǀĞƐƚŚĞŶƵĐůĞƵƐ͘ ϰ͘dŚĞZEŵŽůĞĐƵůĞĂƩĂĐŚĞƐƚŽĂƌŝďŽƐŽŵĞ͘dŚĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĂŶZEŵŽůĞĐƵůĞƚŽĂƌŝďŽƐŽŵĞ ŝƐĐĂůůĞĚƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶ͘ĂĐŚĐŽĚŽŶŽŶƚŚĞZEŵŽůĞĐƵůĞĐŽĚĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐǇŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨŽŶĞĂŵŝŶŽĂĐŝĚ͘dŚĞĞŶƟƌĞ ZEŵŽůĞĐƵůĞĐŽĚĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐǇŶƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨĂƉƌŽƚĞŝŶ͘ ƌĂǁĂĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌǇƐƚƌĂŶĚŽĨEĂďŽǀĞƚŚŝƐƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚĚƌĂǁĂĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌǇƐƚƌĂŶĚŽĨZEďĞůŽǁ this sequence. (2 points each, 4 points total) TAG C C A ATC G ATC G G ATC G G T TAG C TAG C C UAGCCAAUCGAUCGG What is the name of the process where DNA makes a copy along a strand? (1 point) ZĞƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ >ŝƐƚƚǁŽƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŵŝƚŽƐŝƐĂŶĚŵĞŝŽƐŝƐ͘;ϭ͘ϱƉŽŝŶƚƐĞĂĐŚ͕ϯƉŽŝŶƚƐƚŽƚĂů͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶƚǁŽƚŚŝŶŐƐ͖ǇŽƵĐĂŶŐŝǀĞĞǆƚƌĂĐƌĞĚŝƚĨŽƌůŝƐƟŶŐŵŽƌĞ͘Ϳ ϭ͘ ƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨŵŝƚŽƐŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϮĐĞůůƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŐĞŶĞƟĐĂůůǇŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚĐĞůů͘ Ϯ͘ ƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨŵĞŝŽƐŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϰĐĞůůƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŶŽƚŐĞŶĞƟĐĂůůǇŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌŽƌƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚĐĞůů͘ ϯ͘ DŝƚŽƐŝƐŐŽĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϭĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶĂƌǇĐĞůůĐǇĐůĞƐĨƌŽŵƐƚĂƌƚƚŽĮŶŝƐŚ͕ĂŶĚŵĞŝŽƐŝƐŐŽĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚϮ͘ ϰ͘ DĞŝŽƐŝƐ͗ƐƚĂƌƚƐϮŶ;ĚŝƉůŽŝĚͿїĞŶĚƐŶ;ŚĂƉůŽŝĚͿ͘DŝƚŽƐŝƐ͗ƐƚĂƌƚƐĂƐϮŶĂŶĚĞŶĚƐĂƐϮŶ͘ ϱ͘ DŝƚŽƐŝƐŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶƐŽŵĂƟĐĐĞůůƐĂŶĚŵĞŝŽƐŝƐŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶƐĞǆĐĞůůƐ͘ List two things that are the same for mitosis and meiosis. (1.5 points each, 3 points total) 1. Both are used by the cells of sexually reproducing organisms to divide nuclei. 2. Both involve the division of chromosomes. Pandia Press 85 REAL Science Odyssey Answer Key Test Chapters 7 - 10 WƵƚƚŚĞƐĞŝŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŽƌĚĞƌƵƐŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌƐĨƌŽŵϭƚŽϰ͕ϭďĞŝŶŐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƐƚĂŐĞŽĨŵŝƚŽƐŝƐĂŶĚϰďĞŝŶŐƚŚĞůĂƐƚƐƚĂŐĞŽĨ mitosis. (1 point each, 4 points total) 4 2 1 3 ϱ͘ WƵŶŶĞƩ^ƋƵĂƌĞ(5 points each table, 10 points total) zŽƵĂƌĞƐŽůƵĐŬǇ͘zŽƵƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐďŽƵŐŚƚǇŽƵƚǁŽƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐĨŽƌǇŽƵƌďŝƌƚŚĚĂǇ͘dŚĞƉĞƚshop owner sold your ŵŽŵƚǁŽĨĞŵĂůĞƐ͘ƚůĞĂƐƚƚŚĂƚ͛ƐǁŚĂƚŚĞƚŽůĚŚĞƌ͘ǆĐĞƉƚƚŚĂƚŶŽǁŝƚůŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŝƐŐŽŝŶŐƚŽŚĂǀĞ ďĂďŝĞƐ͘zŽƵĂƌĞƌĞĂůůǇĞǆĐŝƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚǇŽƵƌŵŽŵŝƐŶŽƚ͘/ǁŽŶĚĞƌǁŚǇ͍KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐŚĂƐϯƚŽĞƐ;ƩͿĂŶĚ ŽŶĞŚĂƐϱƚŽĞƐ;dƚͿ͘/ĨǇŽƵƌƋǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐŚĂǀĞϰďĂďŝĞƐ͕ŚŽǁŵĂŶǇƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞϯƚŽĞƐ͍,ŽǁŵĂŶǇƐŚŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞ 5 toes? dŽĂŶƐǁĞƌƚŚĞƐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ĮůůŝŶƚŚĞWƵŶŶĞƩƐƋƵĂƌĞ͘dŚĞĂůůĞůĞĨŽƌϯƚŽĞƐŝƐƚ͘dŚĞĂůůĞůĞĨŽƌϱƚŽĞƐŝƐd͘ t T t Tt tt t Tt tt &ŝůůŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚǇƚĂďůĞƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƚŚĞWƵŶŶĞƩƐƋƵĂƌĞ͘ Genotype Probability &ƌĂĐƟŽŶ Percentage Phenotype Tt 2 in 4 2/4 or 1/2 Probability &ƌĂĐƟŽŶ Percentage 50% 5 toed 2 in 4 2/4 or 1/2 50% tt 2 in 4 2/4 or 1/2 50% 3 toed 2 in 4 2/4 or 1/2 50% How many babies should have 5 toes? (2 points) dŚĞǇŚĂǀĞϰďĂďŝĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞϮĂƌĞƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚƚŽŚĂǀĞϱƚŽĞƐ. How many babies should have 3 toes? (2 points) dŚĞǇŚĂǀĞϰďĂďŝĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞϮĂƌĞƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚƚŽŚĂǀĞϯƚŽĞƐ. When they are born, three babies have 3 toes and one has 5 toes. How do you explain this? (4 points) dŚĞƉƌŽďĂďŝůŝƚǇũƵƐƚŐŝǀĞƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƉƌĞĚŝĐƟŽŶƐ͘/ƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƚĞůůǇŽƵǁŚĂƚǁŝůůĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇŚĂƉƉĞŶ. YǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐŚĂǀĞϯƚŽĞƐŝĨƚŚĞŝƌŐĞŶŽƚǇƉĞŝƐƩ͘tŚĂƚŝƐƚŚŝƐƚǇƉĞŽĨĂůůĞůĞ͕ƚ͕called? (2 points) recessive YǁŝƚĞŬƵƚĞƐŶƵƚĞƐŚĂǀĞϱƚŽĞƐŝĨƚŚĞŝƌŐĞŶŽƚǇƉĞŝƐddŽƌdƚ͘tŚĂƚŝƐƚŚŝƐƚǇƉĞŽĨĂůůĞůĞ͕d͕ĐĂůůĞĚ͍;ϮƉŽŝŶƚƐͿdominant ;ͬϭϬϬͿǆϭϬϬс 86 н ĞǆƚƌĂĐƌĞĚŝƚƉŽŝŶƚƐс Pandia Press Teacher Guide Unit IV: Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 13: Plant Reproduction WEEKLY SCHEDULE Two Days Day 1 Lesson Lab Day 2 FSS >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK Three Days Day 1 Lesson Lab Introduction ŚĂƉƚĞƌϭϯůŽŽŬƐĂƚƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŇŽǁĞƌ͘dŚĞŇŽǁĞƌŝƐƚŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨ ŇŽǁĞƌŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐĐĂůůĞĚĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ͘ŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶƚǇƉĞŽĨƉůĂŶƚ ŽŶĂƌƚŚƚŽĚĂǇ͘dŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƵƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƚŚƌĞĞŵĂŝŶĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶƐŽĨ plants are discussed in less detail. Learning Goals ͻ > ĞĂƌŶƚŚĞŶĂŵĞƐĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐŽĨ ƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐŽĨĂŇŽǁĞƌ͘ ͻ Learn more about the process of ĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ͘ ͻ >ĞĂƌŶƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨ seeds and fruits. ͻ Learn how a plant goes from a zygote to a germinated plant. ͻ > ĞĂƌŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ structure and method of ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨŐǇŵŶŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ͘ ͻ >ĞĂƌŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ structure and method of ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĨĞƌŶƐĂŶĚŵŽƐƐĞƐ͘ Day 2 FSS Day 3 Extracurricular Resources >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK Books Five Days &ůŽǁĞƌƐ;WůĂŶƚ&ĂĐƚƐͿ͕DĐǀŽǇ͕WĂƵů Day 1 Lesson Day 2 Lab Day 3 FSS Day 4 >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ Day 5 SWYK Website Videos ǁǁǁ͘ǇŽƵƚƵďĞ͘ĐŽŵͬǁĂƚĐŚ͍ǀсĞ'hƚϲWzǆŝΘĨĞĂƚƵƌĞсƌĞůĂƚĞĚʹŶŽƚĂůůƉůĂŶƚƐƐƚĂƌƚĂƐƐĞĞĚƐ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϬϳϬϮͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲƉůĂŶƚͲƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϬϳϬϰͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲŐĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶͲŽĨͲĂͲƐĞĞĚͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϵϱϰϰͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĨŽŽĚͲŵŽůĞĐƵůĞƐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϬϳϬϭͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲƐĞĞĚͲĚŝƐƉĞƌƐĂůͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϬϲϵϵͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲƐĞĞĚůŝŶŐƐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǁǁǁ͘ǇŽƵƚƵďĞ͘ĐŽŵͬǁĂƚĐŚ͍ǀсϮŐtŐƌDǁDĞϬΘĨĞĂƚƵƌĞсƌĞůĂƚĞĚͲĂǀĞƌǇŶŝĐĞǀŝĚĞŽŽŶƚŚĞůŝĨĞĐǇĐůĞŽĨ gymnosperms ǁǁǁ͘ǇŽƵƚƵďĞ͘ĐŽŵͬǁĂƚĐŚ͍ĂŶŶŽƚĂƟŽŶͺŝĚсĂŶŶŽƚĂƟŽŶͺϭϴϯϮϰϴΘĨĞĂƚƵƌĞсŝǀΘƐƌĐͺ ǀŝĚсϮŐtŐƌDǁDĞϬΘǀсǇŬǌWĞŵ>ƐϳYͲƚŚĞůŝĨĞĐǇĐůĞŽĨĂŶĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵŝŶĚĞƚĂŝů FSS: Famous Science Series MSLab: Microscope Lab SWYK: Show What You Know Pandia Press 97 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 13 Read Lesson Explore Lab Absorb Famous Science Series 98 Making More Plants dŚĞŇŽǁĞƌŝƐƚŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ͘&ŽƌƐĞǆƵĂůůǇƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͕ĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƐǁŚĞŶƐƉĞƌŵŵĞĞƚƐĞŐŐĂŶĚĂǌǇŐŽƚĞĨŽƌŵƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐ ƚƌƵĞĨŽƌƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚĨŽƌŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘dŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚŝŶŚĂƉƚĞƌ ϭϲ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶĂůŝƟĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚĞƌŵƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĨŽƌĂůůƐĞǆƵĂůůǇ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐŵƵůƟĐĞůůƵůĂƌŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘ dŚŝƐŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŇŽǁĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĞƌƌǇƚƌĞĞƐŚŽǁƐůŝŐŚƚůǇ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŽǀĂƌŝĞƐ͘ŽƚŚƚǇƉĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ͘CarpelŝƐƚŚĞƌŝƟƐŚƚĞƌŵ ĨŽƌƉŝƐƟů͘ Flower & Seed - Inside View dŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůůĂďĂŶĚŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂďĂƌĞĂŐĂŝŶĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͘ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĚŝƐƐĞĐƚĂŇŽǁĞƌĂŶĚĂƐĞĞĚ͕ƚĂƉŝŶŐƉĂƌƚƐƚŽƚŚĞŝƌůĂďƐŚĞĞƚĂŶĚůĂďĞůŝŶŐ͘ /ŵĂŐĞƐŽĨĂŇŽǁĞƌĂŶĚƐĞĞĚĂƌĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇůĂďĞůĞĚŽŶƚŚĞůĂďƐŚĞĞƚ͘ŐĞŶƚůĞƚŽƵĐŚ͕ ƉĂƟĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚĂƩĞŶƟŽŶƚŽĚĞƚĂŝůĂƌĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽůŽĐĂƚĞĂŶĚĚŝƐƐĞĐƚĞĂĐŚƉĂƌƚ͘Ğ ĐĂƌĞĨƵůǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽǀĂƌǇĂŶĚŽǀƵůĞƐ͖ƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇĚĞůŝĐĂƚĞ͘ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚǁŽŵĂŝŶĐůĂƐƐĞƐŽĨĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ͗ŵŽŶŽĐŽƚǇůĞĚŽŶƐĂŶĚĚŝĐŽƚǇůĞĚŽŶƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞƚǁŽŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚǇƉĞƐŽĨůĞĂǀĞƐĂŶĚƐĞĞĚƐ͘DŽŶŽĐŽƚǇůĞĚŽŶƐŚĂǀĞůŽŶŐ͕ parallel veins. Lilies and grasses are monocotyledons. Dicotyledons have complex, net-veined leaves. Maples and most other angiosperms are dicotyledons. A lima ďĞĂŶŝƐƚŚĞƐĞĞĚŽĨĂĚŝĐŽƚǇůĞĚŽŶ͘&ŽƌŵŽƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶ the two types of angiosperms, refer to Chapter 30. Sunflower tŚĞƌĞĚŝĚƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐŽƌŝŐŝŶĂƚĞ͍^ƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐĂƌĞŶĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞŵĞƌŝĐĂƐ͘EĂƟǀĞ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƐŚĂǀĞƵƐĞĚƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐĨŽƌƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨǇĞĂƌƐ͘ ^ƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĨŽƵŶĚĂƚĂƌĐŚĂĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐŝƚĞƐ͘,ŽǁŽůĚĂƌĞƚŚĞƌĞŵĂŝŶƐ͍ dŚĞƌĞŵĂŝŶƐŽĨƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĨŽƵŶĚĂƚĂŶĂƌĐŚĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐŝƚĞŝŶEŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂ ĚĂƟŶŐĨƌŽŵϯ͕ϬϬϬ͘͘͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞƚŚĂƚEĂƟǀĞŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƐďĞŐĂŶĐƵůƟǀĂƟŶŐ ƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐďǇĂƚůĞĂƐƚϮ͕ϯϬϬ͘͘͘ dŽĚĂǇ͕ǁŚĂƚĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŝƐƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽŶĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŽĨƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐ͍ZƵƐƐŝĂ ^ƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐďĞĐĂŵĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶƚŚŝƐĐŽƵŶƚƌǇďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚǁŽƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐŚŽůŝĚĂǇƐ͘ What are they and why? ƵƌŝŶŐ>ĞŶƚĂŶĚĚǀĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞZƵƐƐŝĂŶKƌƚŚŽĚŽǆŚƵƌĐŚĚŝĚ ŶŽƚĂůůŽǁŵĂŶǇĨŽŽĚƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƌŝĐŚŝŶŽŝůƚŽďĞƵƐĞĚ͘tŚĞŶƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐĐĂŵĞƚŽ ZƵƐƐŝĂ͕ƚŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚďĞƵƐĞĚĂƐĂŶŽŝůƐŽƵƌĐĞĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŚŽůǇĚĂǇƐ͘ dŚĞƌƵůĞƌƐŽĨƚŚŝƐĐŽƵŶƚƌǇƐĞŶƚƐŽůĚŝĞƌƐŝŶƚŽďĂƩůĞǁŝƚŚƉĂĐŬĂŐĞƐŽĨƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌ ƐĞĞĚƐŝŶǁŚĂƚƋƵĂŶƟƚǇ͍dŚĞZƵƐƐŝĂŶǌĂƌƐƐĞŶƚĂϮůďƉĂĐŬŽĨƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐĞĞĚƐǁŝƚŚ soldiers. Pandia Press Plant Reproduction Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide In 1986, workers at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant caused an explosion ƚŚĂƚƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚŵĂƐƐŝǀĞĂŵŽƵŶƚƐŽĨƌĂĚŝŽĂĐƟǀĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘,ŽǁǁĞƌĞƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐƵƐĞĚƚŽŚĞůƉĐůĞĂŶƵƉƚŚŝƐƉƌŽďůĞŵ͍^ƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐ ĂďƐŽƌďƚŽǆŝĐǁĂƐƚĞĨƌŽŵƐŽŝůĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌ͘ZĂŌƐŽĨŇŽĂƟŶŐƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽ ĞǆƚƌĂĐƚϵϱйŽĨƚŚĞƌĂĚŝŽĂĐƟǀĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ͘ ǁǁǁ͘ƉŝŽŶĞĞƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͘ĐŽŵͬƌũďͺƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌƐ͘Śƚŵů ƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ŬƵ͘ĞĚƵͬΕŬǇǁĂŝƚĞͬƉŽƌƞŽůŝŽͬƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐͬƐƚϭͬŬǇůŝĞƐƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌͺĮůĞƐͬ atarchaeologicalsitesinnor.htm ǁǁǁ͘ĐŽŵĞͲŚŽŵĞͲƚŽͲŚĞĂůƚŚ͘ĐŽŵͬƐƵŶŇŽǁĞƌͲƐĞĞĚƐ͘ƉŚƉ Learn Plant Reproduction 1. Match the vocabulary word Show What You Know ƉŝƐƟůͲ ĨĞŵĂůĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨĂŶĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵ seed - survival capsules, seed coat on outside & food inside petals stamen - ŵĂůĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨĂŶĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵ anther - where pollen is produced for an angiosperm pollen - male gametes ovules - female gametes ŇŽǁĞƌͲ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ angiosperm gymnosperm cones - ŇŽǁĞƌŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚ seed-producing plants that do not produce fruit ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶƐŽĨŐǇŵŶŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ style - ƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƉŝƐƟůƚŚĂƚũŽŝŶƐƚŚĞƐƟŐŵĂĂŶĚƚŚĞŽǀĂƌǇ fruit - protects seeds and aids in their dispersal ovary ĮůĂŵĞŶƚͲ Pandia Press ƚŚĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĂŶĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƚŚĂƚĂƩƌĂĐƚƐƉŽůůŝŶĂƚŽƌƐ where the ovules are stored in an angiosperm the part of the stamen that supports the anther spore - ƵƐĞĚďǇŵŽƐƐĞƐĂŶĚĨĞƌŶƐŝŶƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƐƟŐŵĂͲ ƚŽƉƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƉŝƐƟůǁŚĞƌĞƉŽůůĞŶŝƐƚƌĂƉƉĞĚ pollen tube - ƚƵďĞƚŚĂƚŐƌŽǁƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐƟŐŵĂƚŽƚŚĞŽǀĂƌǇ ŐĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶͲ ǁŚĞŶĂƐĞĞĚĮƌƐƚďĞŐŝŶƐƚŽŐƌŽǁ 99 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 13 Ϯ͘>ĂďĞůƚŚĞŇŽǁĞƌ͘ Anther Stigma Pistil Stamen Filament Style Pollen grains Ovary Sepals Petal Ovules Stem Read Lesson Review Plant Reproduction tŚĞŶǇŽƵĂƌĞŐŽŝŶŐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƌĞǀŝĞǁ͕ƵƐĞƚŚĞ^ŽĐƌĂƟĐŵĞƚŚŽĚĂŶĚƵƐĞƚŚŝƐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů ƚŽĂƐŬƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ǁŚĞŶǇŽƵŐĞƚƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƌƚƐŽĨĂŇŽǁĞƌ͕ǇŽƵ ĐĂŶĂƐŬǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĂŶĚǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĚŽ͘KŶůǇŐŝǀĞĂŶƐǁĞƌƐŝĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŶĞĞĚŚĞůƉ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĂŐŽŽĚƟŵĞƚŽƌĞǀŝĞǁŵĞŝŽƐŝƐ͗ Sexually reproducing organisms use the process of meiosis to make gametes. 'ĂŵĞƚĞƐŚĂǀĞϭƐĞƚŽĨĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŵ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞŚĂƉůŽŝĚсŶ Male gametes are called sperm in people. In most plants they are called pollen. Female gametes are called eggs in people, and ovules in most plants. tŚĞŶƚŚĞŐĂŵĞƚĞƐĨƵƐĞĚƵƌŝŶŐĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞǇŵĂŬĞĂǌǇŐŽƚĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐƚǁŽƐĞƚƐ ŽĨĐŚƌŽŵŽƐŽŵĞƐ͘dŚĞǌǇŐŽƚĞŝƐĚŝƉůŽŝĚсϮŶ͘ dŚĞǌǇŐŽƚĞĚŝǀŝĚĞƐƵƐŝŶŐŵŝƚŽƐŝƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐŚŽǁƚŚĞƉůĂŶƚŐƌŽǁƐ͘dŚĞĐĞůůƐƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐ ĨƌŽŵŵŝƚŽƐŝƐĂƌĞŐĞŶĞƟĐĂůůǇŝĚĞŶƟĐĂů͘ 100 Pandia Press Plant Reproduction Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐсŇŽǁĞƌŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐ;ĞǀĞŶŝĨƚŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽƚĂŶŽďǀŝŽƵƐŇŽǁĞƌʹƐƵĐŚĂƐ with grasses) WĂƌƚƐŽĨĂŇŽǁĞƌ͗ ŇŽǁĞƌсƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ ƉŝƐƟůсĨĞŵĂůĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐсƐƟŐŵĂ͕ƐƚǇůĞ͕ŽǀĂƌǇ ƐƟŐŵĂсƉŽůůĞŶƐƟĐŬƐƚŽƐƟŐŵĂ͕ƚŚĞŶƚƌĂǀĞůƐĚŽǁŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐƚǇůĞ͕ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂ pollen tube ƐƚǇůĞсŐŽĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐƟŐŵĂƚŽŽǀĂƌǇ ŽǀĂƌǇсǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĨĞŵĂůĞŐĂŵĞƚĞƐ;ŽǀƵůĞƐͿĂƌĞĂŶĚǁŚĞƌĞĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶ angiosperms ƐƚĂŵĞŶсŵĂůĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨĂŶŐŝŽƐƉĞƌŵƐ anther = where male gamete (pollen) is produced in angiosperms ĮůĂŵĞŶƚсƚŚĞƐƚĂůŬƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĞĂŶƚŚĞƌ ƐĞƉĂůƐсƉƌŽƚĞĐƚďƵĚĂƐŇŽǁĞƌŝƐŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ ƉĞƚĂůƐсĂƩƌĂĐƚƉŽůůŝŶĂƚŽƌƐ ƐĞĞĚсǁŚĞƌĞǌǇŐŽƚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉƐŝŶƚŽĂŶĞŵďƌǇŽсĂƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůĐĂƉƐƵůĞƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐĂŶĚ nourishes the embryo fruits = help with the dispersal of seeds germinate = when the embryo breaks out of the seed coat and begins to grow ZĞǀŝĞǁƚŚĞĐŝƌĐƵůĂƌƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŚĞƌƌǇƚƌĞĞŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞ student book. Gymnosperms: ͻƉůĂŶƚƐƚŚĂƚƵƐĞĐŽŶĞƐƚŽƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ;ƚŚĞǇĚŽEKdŵĂŬĞŇŽǁĞƌƐŽƌĨƌƵŝƚͿ ͻĐŽŶĞƐсƚŚĞƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŽƌŐĂŶŽĨĂŐǇŵŶŽƐƉĞƌŵ ͻhave male cones that make pollen and female cones with female gametes where ĨĞƌƟůŝǌĂƟŽŶƚĂŬĞƐƉůĂĐĞ ͻreproduce sexually ͻuse wind to disperse pollen from male to female cones Mosses and ferns are plants that use spores instead of seeds to reproduce. Pandia Press 101 Teacher Guide Unit V: Evolution Chapter 21: How WEEKLY SCHEDULE Introduction Two Days Learning Goals Day 1 Poem Lesson Lab Day 2 MSLab FSS >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK dŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨŚĂƉƚĞƌϮϭŝƐƚŽĞǆƉůĂŝŶŚŽǁĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ͘ ͻ h ŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨ͞ƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕͟ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƚŚĂƚĂƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƚŚĞŽƌǇ is a work in progress. ͻ Learn the steps in the process of ĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘ Extracurricular Resources Three Days Day 1 Poem Lesson Lab Day 2 MSLab Day 3 FSS >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK Five Days Day 1 Poem Lesson Day 2 Lab Day 3 MSLab Day 4 FSS Day 5 >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK FSS: Famous Science Series MSLab: Microscope Lab SWYK: Show What You Know Pandia Press ͻ > ĞĂƌŶƚŚĞĐĂƵƐĞƐŽĨŐĞŶĞƟĐ ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ͘ ͻ > ĞĂƌŶŚŽǁŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ ŐĞŶĞƟĐĚƌŝŌĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞŽĨ ƚƌĂŝƚƐŝŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ ͻ >ĞĂƌŶŚŽǁƐƉĞĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƐ͘ Books ǀŽůƵƟŽŶZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͕tŝŶƐƚŽŶ͕ZŽďĞƌƚ ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ;<ǇĞǁŝƚŶĞƐƐŽŽŬƐͿ, Gamlin, Linda dŚĞ>ĞĂŬĞǇƐ͗hŶĐŽǀĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞKƌŝŐŝŶƐŽĨ,ƵŵĂŶŬŝŶĚ, Poynter, Margaret ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ, Silverstein, Alvin DĂŵŵĂůƐtŚŽDŽƌƉŚ, Morgan, Jennifer Website Videos ƐƚŚĞƐĞƚǁŽǀŝĚĞŽƐƐŚŽǁ͕ƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚŝƐĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐƉůĂĐĞ͘>ǇĞůůƵƐĞĚ,ƵƩŽŶ͛ƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŚŝƐ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ͗ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ĐŽŵͬǀŝĚĞŽƐͬϭϬϬͲŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐͲƐŚŽƌƚƐͲƉĞƌŝŽĚŝĐͲŝĐĞͲĂŐĞ͘Śƚŵů ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ĐŽŵͬǀŝĚĞŽƐͬϭϬϬͲŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝĞƐͲƐŚŽƌƚƐͲŐĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂůͲĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘Śƚŵů dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶŝĐĞǀŝĚĞŽĚĞƚĂŝůŝŶŐŚŽǁĂƌǁŝŶ͛ƐƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂīĞĐƚĞĚŐĞŽůŽŐǇ͘/ƚƐŚŽǁƐĂŐŽŽĚƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨ ĂƌĐŚĂĞŽƉƚĞƌǇǆ͗ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϵϱϯϲͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĚĂƌǁŝŶͲĂŶĚͲ geology-video.htm ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϴϳϲϰͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶͲĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ dǁŽͲŚŽƵƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶǀŝĚĞŽ͗ǀŝĚĞŽ͘ƉďƐ͘ŽƌŐͬǀŝĚĞŽͬϭϯϳϮϬϳϯϱϱϲͬ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͲĐŚĂŶŶĞůͬϯϳϵϱϲͲƐĐŝƋͲƉŽĚďƵƐƚĞƌƐͲƚŚĞͲĐŚŝĐŬĞŶͲŽƌͲƚŚĞͲĞŐŐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϵϱϯϴͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶͲŽĨͲŽƌŐĂŶŝĐͲůŝĨĞͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘ htm sĞƌǇŶŝĐĞǀŝĚĞŽĞǆƉůĂŝŶŝŶŐŚŽǁŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŚĂƐĂīĞĐƚĞĚĐŽůŽƌĂƟŽŶŝŶƐĂůĂŵĂŶĚĞƌƐŝŶĂůŝĨŽƌŶŝĂ͗ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬǁŐďŚͲŶŽǀĂͬϭϯϲϭϵͲĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶͲŝŶͲĂĐƟŽŶͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ dŚŝƐǀŝĚĞŽĚĞƚĂŝůƐŚŽǁŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶŚĂƐƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŽĨƵŶŝƋƵĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͗ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ ĐŽŵͬƚŚĞǁŝůĚĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵͬϮϯϴϳͲŚĂǁĂŝŝƐͲƉůĂŶƚƐͲĂŶĚͲĂŶŝŵĂůƐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ Good video that reviews the topics presented in the text: ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϴϳϲϰͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶͲĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ Game ,ĞƌĞŝƐĂĨƵŶŐĂŵĞ͗ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇ͘ĐŽŵͬŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞƐͬůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇͬĚĂƌǁŝŶͬĚĂƌǁŝŶ͘Śƚŵů 155 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 21 Read Poetry Read Lesson Explore Lab A Recipe for Making Something Different From Me dŚŝƐƉŽĞŵǁĂƐϭstƉůĂĐĞǁŝŶŶĞƌŝŶƚŚĞϮϬϭϮ>ǇƌŝĐŝǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨ^ƉĞůůďŝŶĚĞƌŽŽŬƐ͛ ƉŽĞƚƌǇĐŽŶƚĞƐƚ͘/ǁƌŽƚĞŝƚƚŽďĞƵƐĞĚĂƐĂƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƉŽĞŵ͕ĂŶĚƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚƌĞĐŝƟŶŐ ŝƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞǁĞĞŬ͘ƐƚŚŝƐĐŚĂƉƚĞƌĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶŝƐŶ͛ƚƋƵŝƚĞ ĂƐƐŝŵƉůĞĂƐƚŚĞƉŽĞŵ͛ƐƌĞĨƌĂŝŶŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐ͕ďƵƚĂƐĂďĂƌĞͲďŽŶĞƐĂŶƐǁĞƌƚŚĞƌĞĨƌĂŝŶŝƐ ĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ͘dŚĞƌĞĐŝƉĞĨŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĂƟŽŶŝƐŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ͕ǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚůŽƚƐŽĨƟŵĞ͘ How Evolution Happens KǀĞƌϭ͘ϳϱŵŝůůŝŽŶƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŚĂǀĞůŝǀĞĚŽŶĂƌƚŚ͘ǀŽůƵƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĂƚŚĂƐůĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨůŝĨĞ͘dŚĂƚŝƐĂĨĂĐƚ͖ŝƚŝƐŶŽƚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇ͘ tŚĂƚŝƐĂƚŚĞŽƌǇŝƐĞǆĂĐƚůǇŚŽǁƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ŝƐŝƚ ĂĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŶĚŽƐǇŵďŝŽƟĐdŚĞŽƌǇŝƐĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇŚŽǁĞƵŬĂƌǇŽƟĐĐĞůůƐĞǀŽůǀĞĚ͍/ƚŝƐ ŶŽƚĂŬŶŽǁŶĨĂĐƚ͘/ƚŝƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŬŶŽǁŶĂƚƚŚŝƐƟŵĞ͘dŚĂƚŝƐ what makes it a theory not a fact. /ŶƚŚŝƐĐŚĂƉƚĞƌǁŚĞŶĞǆƉůĂŝŶŝŶŐŽǀĞƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ/ƐƚĂƚĞƚŚĂƚ͕͘͘͘͞ƐŽŵĞŵŝĐĞ ǁŝůůŚĂǀĞĂŚŝŐŚĞƌƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůƌĂƚĞƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐǁŝůů͘/ƚŝƐƉĂƌƚůƵĐŬĂŶĚƉĂƌƚŐĞŶĞƟĐƐ͘͟ ZĞŵĞŵďĞƌ͕ƚŚĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŐĞŶĞƐĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵŐĞƚƐĨƌŽŵŝƚƐƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŝƐƌĂŶĚŽŵ͘ Which genes end up in which gamete during meiosis, and then end up in the sperm ĂŶĚĞŐŐƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƚŚĞǌǇŐŽƚĞ͕ŝƐĂƌĂŶĚŽŵƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘/ĨŽŶĞƐŝďůŝŶŐŚĂƐĂŐĞŶĞƟĐ makeup that increases its chances of survival over another sibling, this is just by random chance, also known as luck. 'ĞŶĞƟĐƌĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ĐƌŽƐƐŽǀĞƌ͕ǁĂƐĮƌƐƚŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶŚĂƉƚĞƌϴ͘/ƚŝƐŶŽƚĂ ƚǇƉĞŽĨŵƵƚĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞŐĞŶĞƐĚŽŶŽƚĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞŝƌĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ĂƐŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ ŝŶŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞǇƐŚƵŋĞĂŶĚƉĂŝƌŝŶƚŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶƐ͘ Natural Selection dŚŝƐůĂďĂƐŬƐƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͗/Ĩ/ǁĂƐĂŵŽƵƐĞ͕ǁŚĂƚĐŽůŽƌǁŽƵůĚ/ǁĂŶƚƚŽďĞ͍dŚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌŝƐǁŚĂƚĞǀĞƌĐŽůŽƌƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚŝƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂǀĞƌǇŐŽŽĚůĂďĨŽƌĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ͘ĞĐĂƌĞĨƵůƚŚĂƚǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĚŽŶŽƚůŽŽŬĂƚƚŚĞƉŽŵƉŽŵƐǁŚŝůĞ you are hiding them. Keep track on the lab sheet as you go along. dŚŝƐůĂďŝƐĂŶŝĐĞŽŶĞĨŽƌĂĨŽƌŵĂůůĂďƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘/ŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂƐĂŵƉůĞ͘ Possible Answers: zŽƵƌĂŶƐǁĞƌƐǁŝůůǀĂƌǇĨƌŽŵŵŝŶĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĂƌĞ from a student who completed this experiment outside on sandy ground. Hypothesis:/ƚŚŝŶŬ/ǁŝůůƐĞůĞĐƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚďůĂĐŬŵŝĐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞůĞĂƐƚŐƌĂǇŵŝĐĞ͘ ZŽƵŶĚϭʹĐŽůŽƌŽĨĮƌƐƚŵŽƵƐĞĐĂƵŐŚƚ͗ƌŽǁŶ 156 Pandia Press How Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ZŽƵŶĚϮʹĐŽůŽƌŽĨĮƌƐƚŵŽƵƐĞĐĂƵŐŚƚ͗White ZŽƵŶĚϯʹĐŽůŽƌŽĨĮƌƐƚŵŽƵƐĞĐĂƵŐŚƚ͗ůĂĐŬ ďůĂĐŬďƌŽǁŶŐƌĂǇƐƉŽƩĞĚǁŚŝƚĞ Math This Week 1. Pompoms are counted. 2. Students must keep track of the color of pompoms. ZŽƵŶĚϭ Ϯ ϯ ϯ ϲ Ϯ ϯ ϯ ϲ Ϭ ϱ ϱ ϭϬ ϰ ϭ ϭ Ϯ ϯ Ϯ Ϯ ϰ ZŽƵŶĚϮ ĐĂƵŐŚƚ ϭ ůĞŌ ϱ added ϱ ϯ ϯ ϯ ϭ ϵ ϵ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϰ Ϭ Ϭ ĐĂƵŐŚƚ ůĞŌ added total mice in next round total mice in next round ϭϬ ϲ ϭϴ Ϯ Ϭ ZŽƵŶĚϯ ĐĂƵŐŚƚ ϱ ϰ ϲ Ϯ Ϭ ůĞŌ ϱ Ϯ ϭϮ Ϭ Ϭ ŝĚǇŽƵĐĂƚĐŚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĐŽůŽƌŵŽƵƐĞĮƌƐƚĞǀĞƌǇƟŵĞ͍tŚĂƚĚŽǇŽƵŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĨƌŽŵ that? EŽ͕ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŵŽƵƐĞ/ĐĂƵŐŚƚǁĂƐƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƌĂŶĚŽŵďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚǁĂƐƚŚĞŽŶĞ ĐůŽƐĞƐƚƚŽŵĞ͘/ŶƚŚĞŶĞǆƚƚǁŽƌŽƵŶĚƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŵŽƵƐĞ/ĐĂƵŐŚƚǁĂƐƚŚĞŽŶĞƚŚĂƚ ƐƚŽŽĚŽƵƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŝƚƐĐŽůŽƌ͘ Which colored mouse was best adapted for the environment? Which colored mouse was the worst adapted for the environment? The gray was the best adapted; ƚŚĞǁŚŝƚĞǁĂƐƚŚĞǁŽƌƐƚĂĚĂƉƚĞĚĐůŽƐĞůǇĨŽůůŽǁĞĚďǇƚŚĞƐƉŽƩĞĚ. Based on the results from this experiment, why do you think the mice in the wild are brown or brownish-gray in color? Use the termŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ in your answer. dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌŚĂŝƌĐŽůŽƌ͘/ŶŶĂƚƵƌĞ;ďƵƚŶŽƚŝŶŵǇĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚĨŽƌ ďƌŽǁŶͿ͕ŵŝĐĞƚŚĂƚďůĞŶĚŝŶďĞƐƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂƌĞůĞƐƐůŝŬĞůǇƚŽŐĞƚĞĂƚĞŶ͘ dŚĞƌĞŝƐƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĨƵƌĐŽůŽƌƐƚŚĂƚƐƚĂŶĚŽƵƚ͕ůŝŬĞǁŚŝƚĞ͘ /ŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͕ĮƚŶĞƐƐŝƐĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐƚŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽƉƌŽĚƵĐĞŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘tŚŝĐŚ ĨƵƌĐŽůŽƌƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶƚŚĞďĞƐƚĮƚŶĞƐƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŵŝĐĞ͍gray /ĨƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌĂŶĚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĨƵƌĐŽůŽƌƐ͕ǁŚĂƚĚŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬ ǁŝůůďĞƚŚĞĐŽůŽƌŽĨƚŚĞŵŝĐĞŝŶƚŚŝƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͍There will be more gray mice but ŵĂǇďĞƐŽŵĞďůĂĐŬŽŶĞƐƚŽŽ͘ What happened to the mouse that had the best fur color once it became more numerous? /ƚƐƚĂƌƚĞĚƚŽŐĞƚĞĂƚĞŶŵŽƌĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĨĞǁĞƌŽƚŚĞƌĐŽůŽƌ ĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ͘ƵƚŝƚƐƟůůŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚĂůŽƚŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌ͘/ĨƚŚĞĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚǁĞƌĞƚŽŐŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƌŽƵŶĚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁŽƵůĚďĞϮϰŐƌĂǇŵŝĐĞŝŶƚŚĞŶĞǆƚƌŽƵŶĚ͘dŚĂƚŝƐĂůŵŽƐƚϱƟŵĞƐǁŚĂƚ/ started with. Pandia Press 157 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 21 Chapter 21: Lab Report =ZWdSÀ[WbV ! Name: ________________________________ Date: _______________ Natural Selection Title: _________________________________________________________ Hypothesis I think I will select the most black mice and the least gray mice. 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You could add a slide of a feather to this lab too. Feathers in many ǁĂǇƐĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĨŽƌďŝƌĚƐĂƐĨƵƌĚŽĞƐĨŽƌŵĂŵŵĂůƐ͘ Possible Answers: zŽƵƌĂŶƐǁĞƌƐǁŝůůǀĂƌǇĨƌŽŵŵŝŶĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂŶƐǁĞƌƐĂƌĞ ĨƌŽŵĂƐƚƵĚĞŶƚǁŚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚƚŚŝƐĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͘ tŚĂƚƚǁŽĨƵƌƐĂŵƉůĞƐĨƌŽŵĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚǇƉĞƐŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐĚŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬǁŝůůůŽŽŬƚŚĞ most alike with a microscope? Why? ĂƚŚĂŝƌĨƌŽŵĂĨƵǌǌǇĐĂƚĂŶĚƐŚĞĞƉŚĂŝƌ 158 Pandia Press How Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚĞǆƚƵƌĞ͘ tŚĂƚƚǁŽĨƵƌƐĂŵƉůĞƐĨƌŽŵĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚǇƉĞƐŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐĚŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬǁŝůůůŽŽŬƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁŝƚŚĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͍tŚǇ͍Dog hair and guinea pig hair because they Type of Fur ŽŐ͕ďŽƌĚĞƌ collie ƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ Comments: Compare/Contrast ŽŐ͕ǁŚŝƚĞŵŝǆ breed ǁŚŝƚĞŚĂŝƌŽŶŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ͕ďůĂĐŬ inside Cat ƚŚŝŶĂŶĚĨƵǌǌǇ ^ŚĞĞƉ ƐƵƉĞƌƚŚŝŶĂŶĚĨƵǌǌǇ ůŽŽŬĞĚĂůŵŽƐƚŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůƚŽƚŚĞĐĂƚŚĂŝƌ 'ƵŝŶĞĂƉŝŐηϭ ƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚ͕ƚŚŝĐŬ͕ǁŚŝƚĞ͕ĂŶĚ ďůĂĐŬ /ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞĂůĂƌŐĞĐƵƟĐůĞ 'ƵŝŶĞĂƉŝŐηϮ straight red ƚŚŝŶŶĞƌƚĞǆƚƵƌĞƚŚĂŶŐƵŝŶĞĂƉŝŐηϭ WĞƌƐŽŶηϭ ƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚ͕ďƌŽǁŶ͕ƚŚŝŶ WĞƌƐŽŶηϮ ĐƵƌůǇ͕ďůŽŶĚ͕ƚŚŝĐŬ ĐŽĂƌƐĞ͕ƚŚŝĐŬďůĂĐŬŚĂŝƌ ƚĞǆƚƵƌĞǁĂƐůŝŬĞƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ƐŚĂŝƌ dŚŝƐǁĂƐƚŚĞƚŚŝĐŬĞƐƚŽĨĂůůƚŚĞĨƵƌƐĂŵƉůĞƐ ůŽŽŬĂŶĚĨĞĞůƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͘ What two fur types looked the most alike with a microscope? Why? Cat and sheep; ƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞŚĂƌĚƚŽƚĞůůĂƉĂƌƚƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƐŽƐŝŵŝůĂƌ͘dŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƚŚŝĐŬŶĞƐƐŝŶ ĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌĂŶĚďŽƚŚŚĂĚƐŝŵŝůĂƌͲůŽŽŬŝŶŐĐƵƟĐůĞƐ;ƚŚĞƉĂƌƚĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŽƵƚƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞ ŚĂŝƌͿ tŚĂƚƚǁŽĨƵƌƚǇƉĞƐůŽŽŬĞĚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁŝƚŚĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͍tŚǇ͍Guinea pig ĂŶĚƐŚĞĞƉ͖ƚŚĞŐƵŝŶĞĂƉŝŐŚĂŝƌǁĂƐƚŚŝĐŬĂŶĚĐŽĂƌƐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŚĞĞƉŚĂŝƌǁĂƐƚŚŝŶĂŶĚ ĨƵǌǌǇ͖ƚŚĞŐƵŝŶĞĂƉŝŐŚĂŝƌŚĂĚĂƚŚŝĐŬĞƌĐƵƟĐůĞĂƌŽƵŶĚŝƚ Were you surprised by anything you saw? If so, what? DǇǁŚŝƚĞͲŚĂŝƌĞĚĚŽŐ͖ŚĞ ůŽŽŬƐƚŽƚĂůůǇǁŚŝƚĞ͕ďƵƚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞŚŝƐŚĂŝƌŝƐďůĂĐŬŽŶƚŚĞŝŶƐŝĚĞĂŶĚ white on the outside. Absorb Famous Science Series Pandia Press Evolution Act 1 - First Theories of Evolution My goal with this Famous Science Series is to set the stage to get students ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ƐŵŝŶĚƐĞƚĂŶĚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶĐĞǁĂƐĂƚũƵƐƚďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞƟŵĞ ĂƌǁŝŶƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚŚŝƐƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘ /ŶϭϴϬϵ͕:ĞĂŶĂƉƟƐƚĞ>ĂŵĂƌĐŬƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘tŚĂƚǁĂƐŚŝƐƚŚĞŽƌǇ and was it correct? >ĂŵĂƌĐŬďĞůŝĞǀĞĚƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐŝƚƐ ůŝĨĞƟŵĞǁĞƌĞƉĂƐƐĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵ͛ƐŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͘,ĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĂƚŝĨĂƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƵƐĞĚ ĂŶŽƌŐĂŶŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞǇŚĂĚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚ͕ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐŝǌĞŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶǁŽƵůĚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ͕ 159 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 21 ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞŶĞĐŬŽĨĂŐŝƌĂīĞ͘dŚĞůŽŶŐĞƌƚŚĞŐŝƌĂīĞ͛ƐŶĞĐŬǁĂƐ͕ƚŚĞĞĂƐŝĞƌŝƚǁŽƵůĚ ďĞƚŽĨĞĞĚĨƌŽŵůĞĂǀĞƐĂƚƚŚĞƚŽƉƐŽĨƚƌĞĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞůŽŶŐĞƌͲŶĞĐŬĞĚŐŝƌĂīĞƐǁŽƵůĚŐŝǀĞ ďŝƌƚŚƚŽĞǀĞŶůŽŶŐĞƌͲŶĞĐŬĞĚŐŝƌĂīĞƐ͘,ŝƐƚŚĞŽƌǇǁĂƐŝŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĂŶĚŚĂĚŝƚƐƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͘ ŚŝĞĨĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞŵǁĂƐƚŚĞůĂĐŬŽĨƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐĚĂƚĂ͘EĞǀĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕ŝƚǁĂƐĂƐƚĂƌƚĂŶĚ ŝƚŐŽƚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͘ /Ŷϭϳϴϴ͕:ĂŵĞƐ,ƵƩŽŶ͕Ă^ĐŽƫƐŚĨĂƌŵĞƌĂŶĚŐĞŽůŽŐŝƐƚ͕ƉƵƚĨŽƌƚŚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇĐĂůůĞĚ uniformitarianism. What was the theory and was it correct? ,ĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚƚŚĂƚ͗ ͻdŚĞĞĂƌƚŚǁĂƐŵƵĐŚŽůĚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞϭϬ͕ϬϬϬǇĞĂƌƐƉĞŽƉůĞĂƚƚŚĂƚƟŵĞďĞůŝĞǀĞĚ͘ ͻdŚĞĞĂƌƚŚŝƐĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ͘ ͻdŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐƚŚĂƚĐĂƵƐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĂƌĞƐůŽǁ͕ďƵƚŵĂŶǇŽĨƚŚĞŵĂƌĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂďůĞ͗ o erosion caused by wind and water ŽǀŽůĐĂŶŝĐĞƌƵƉƟŽŶƐ͕ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐŵĞůƚĞĚƌŽĐŬĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞŶĐŽŽůƐĂŶĚďƵŝůĚƐƵƉƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͛ƐƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ ŽƐĞĚŝŵĞŶƚƐĚĞƉŽƐŝƚĞĚůĂǇĞƌƵƉŽŶůĂǇĞƌ͕ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐƌŽĐŬ ͻdŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚŽǀĞƌƚŚĞůŝĨĞŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘ :ĂŵĞƐ,ƵƩŽŶ͛ƐƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨƵŶŝĨŽƌŵŝƚĂƌŝĂŶŝƐŵŝƐĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ͘ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĞŶĐǇĐůŽƉĞĚŝĂ͘ŬŝĚƐ͘ŶĞƚ͘ĂƵͬƉĂŐĞͬůĂͬ>ĂŵĂƌĐŬ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘ďĞƌŬĞůĞǇ͘ĞĚƵͬĞǀŽůŝďƌĂƌǇͬĂƌƟĐůĞͬŚŝƐƚŽƌǇͺϬϵ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĐůĂƌŝĮĞĚ͘ĐŽŵͬdŝͲsŝͬhŶŝĨŽƌŵŝƚĂƌŝĂŶŝƐŵ͘Śƚŵů ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬĞŶ͘ǁŝŬŝƉĞĚŝĂ͘ŽƌŐͬǁŝŬŝͬ:ĂŵĞƐͺ,ƵƩŽŶ Learn Show What You Know 160 Evolution: How DƵůƟƉůĞŚŽŝĐĞ ϭ͘KŶĞďĂĐƚĞƌŝƵŵƐƉůŝƚƐŝŶƚŽƚǁŽ͕ƚŚĞŶƚǁŽƚŽĨŽƵƌ͙^ŽŽŶƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŝůůŝŽŶƐ͘dŚĞ ďĂĐƚĞƌŝĂƌƵŶŽƵƚŽĨĨŽŽĚĂŶĚďĞŐŝŶƚŽƐƚĂƌǀĞƚŽĚĞĂƚŚ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨ͗ ŽǀĞƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ Ϯ͘dŚĞĐĂƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉĞƉƉĞƌĞĚŵŽƚŚƐŝƐĂŐŽŽĚĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨŚŽǁŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ works. ϯ͘tŚĂƚƚǁŽŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐůĞĂĚƚŽŐĞŶĞƟĐǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶ͍'ĞŶĞƟĐƌĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ ŵƵƚĂƟŽŶ ϰ͘ƋƵĂƟĐďŝƌĚƐ͕ůŝŬĞĚƵĐŬƐ͕ŚĂǀĞǁĞďďĞĚĨĞĞƚƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉƚŚĞŵƉĂĚĚůĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚǁĂƚĞƌ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨĂŶĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ. 5. Dogs and cats are not the same species because they cannot breed with each ŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚŚĂǀĞŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ. 6. Which of the following statements are true? ůůŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞ͘ ϳ͘dŚŝƐĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŽĂŶĂůůͲŐƌĞĞŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞŶĞǁŝƐůĂŶĚŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨŐĞŶĞƟĐ ĚƌŝŌ. ϴ͘ƌĐƟĐŚĂƌĞƐŚĂǀĞĨƵƌƚŚĂƚŝƐďƌŽǁŶŝŶƚŚĞƐƵŵŵĞƌĂŶĚǁŚŝƚĞŝŶƚŚĞǁŝŶƚĞƌ͘/ĨƚŚĞ ĞĂƌƚŚďĞĐĂŵĞǁĂƌŵĞƌĂŶĚĂůůƚŚĞƐŶŽǁŵĞůƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞƌĐƟĐ͕ƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚďĞĂŶ example of a ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂů trait that became a ŚĂƌŵĨƵů trait. ϵ͘ZĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĨŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĂƟŽŶďĞĐĂƵƐĞŐĞŶĞŇŽǁŵƵƐƚďĞ ƐƚŽƉƉĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŽŶĞƚŽĞǀŽůǀĞŝŶƚŽĂŶĞǁƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ. Pandia Press How Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ϭϬ͘DƵƚĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞrandom͖ƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐƚŚĞǇĐĂƵƐĞŝƐŶŽƚ͘ 11. What is the name of the process that explains how all the species of organism have come to be? ǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ϭϮ͘KǀĞƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƐŚŽƵůĚůĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞƌĞďĞŝŶŐŵĂŶǇŵŽƌĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĂůŝǀĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞ ĞĂƌƚŚĐĂŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘tŚĂƚĂƌĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐŽŶŽǀĞƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͍ůůŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞ Essay Answers ϭ͘dŚŝƐĞƐƐĂǇƚĂŬĞƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚďƵƚŝƚĐĂŶďĞĚŽŶĞ͘,ĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ DĂŶǇǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽĂƚĞƌƌŝďůĞŚƵƌƌŝĐĂŶĞƐƚƌƵĐŬƚŚĞ/ƐůĂŶĚŽĨDǇƚŚŝĐĂůƌĞĂƚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚ ĂƐŵĂůůŐƌŽƵƉŽĨƐĞĂůŽĐƌĂďƐďĞĐĂŵĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͕ǁŚĞŶ they were swept out to sea and marooned on a small island. The main island was ƚŽŽĨĂƌĨŽƌƚŚĞŵƚŽƐǁŝŵďĂĐŬƚŽŝƚ͘dŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŐĞŶĞƟĐǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚŝƐƐŵĂůůŐƌŽƵƉ͕ which led to the ŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞĨĂǀŽƌĞĚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌ ŶĞǁĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂůĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚĨŽƌĂŶĚŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚŝŶ ƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉ͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉǁĂƐƐŵĂůů͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŐĞŶĞƟĐĚƌŝŌĨŽƌƐŽŵĞtraits. The group was ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞůǇŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵŝƚƐƉĂƌĞŶƚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĂůŽŶŐƟŵĞ. ĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŐĞŶĞƟĐƌĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ and ŵƵƚĂƟŽŶ͕ŶĞǁƚƌĂŝƚƐevolved in the group. ǀĞŶƚƵĂůůǇ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐƐƉĞĐŝĂƟŽŶ with the ĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂůŽĐƌĂďŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ ĂƋƵĂŶŽƟĐ͘ 2. dŚĞĞůůdŚĞŽƌǇǁĂƐĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶϭϴϱϱ͘ ϭϲϲϱ͕ZŽďĞƌƚ,ŽŽŬĞĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƐƐƋƵĂƌŝƐŚͲůŽŽŬŝŶŐƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐŝŶĂƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶŽĨĐŽƌŬ with his microscope. He names these structures cells. ϭϲϳϰ͕ŶƚŽŶsĂŶ>ĞĞƵǁĞŶŚŽĞŬŝƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŽƐĞĞĂůŝǀĞĐĞůůǁŝƚŚŚŝƐ microscope. ϭϴϯϭ͕ZŽďĞƌƚƌŽǁŶĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƐƚŚĞĐĞůůŶƵĐůĞƵƐ͘ ϭϴϯϵ͕dŚŽĞĚĞƌ^ĐŚǁĂŶŶĂŶĚDĂƩŚŝĂƐ^ĐŚůĞŝĚĞŶƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐĂĐĞůůƚŚĞŽƌǇƐƚĂƟŶŐƚŚĂƚ all living things are made of one or more cells. Schwann and Schleiden perform ŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐďĞĨŽƌĞƉƌŽƉŽƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌƚŚĞŽƌǇ͘dŚĞǇĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŵĂŶǇ ĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŝƌƚŚĞŽƌǇŝƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ͘dŚĞǇĐĂůůĞĚŝƚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƚŚĞ ŽŶůǇƚǁŽƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐǁŚŽŚĂǀĞƚĞƐƚĞĚŝƚ͕ƐŽŝƚŝƐŶŽƚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇǇĞƚ͘ ϭϴϱϱ͕ZƵĚŽůĨsŝƌĐŚŽǁƉƌŽƉŽƐĞƐƚŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǇĐĞůůĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĐĞůů͘dŚŝƐŝƐ ĂĚĚĞĚĂƐĂƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĞůůdŚĞŽƌǇ͘,ĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ ďĞĨŽƌĞƉƌŽƉŽƐŝŶŐƚŚŝƐ͘,ĞĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƐŵĂŶǇĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐĂŌĞƌŚŝƐƚŚĞŽƌǇŝƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ͘ dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞůůdŚĞŽƌǇďĞĐŽŵĞƐĂůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƚŚĞŽƌǇ͘ ϭϴϱϱƚŽƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĚĂǇ͕ƚŚĞĞůůdŚĞŽƌǇŚĂƐďĞĞŶƚĞƐƚĞĚŵĂŶǇƟŵĞƐďǇŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ͘dŚĞŝƌƌĞƐƵůƚƐŚĂǀĞĐŽŶĮƌŵĞĚƚŚĞĞůůdŚĞŽƌǇ͘ dŚĞǁŽƌŬsŝƌĐŚŽǁŝƐĚŽŝŶŐƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĂƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐĂƌĞƚĞƐƟŶŐƚŚĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐ ŽĨ^ĐŚǁĂŶŶĂŶĚ^ĐŚůĞŝĚĞŶ͘sŝƌĐŚŽǁĂĚĚƐƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĐŽŵŵŽŶŝŶƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŽŶǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐůĞĂĚƐƚŽĂĚĚĞŶĚƵŵĂŶĚ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐĂƐƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐůĞĂƌŶŵŽƌĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘dŚĞůĂƐƚĞŶƚƌǇŝƐƉƵƌƉŽƐĞůǇ ǁŽƌĚĞĚƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨĂƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƚŚĞŽƌǇŝŶŝƚ͘ Pandia Press 161 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 21 Read Lesson Review Evolution - How ŐŽŽĚƌĞǀŝĞǁŝƐƚŽǁĂůŬǇŽƵƌƟŵĞůŝŶĞĂŶĚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐǁŚĂƚƚŚŝŶŐƐŵŝŐŚƚŚĂǀĞůĞĚ ƚŽƚŚĞĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŽĨƚǇƉĞƐŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ĂƐŬĂƋƵĞƐƟŽŶůŝŬĞ͗/ĨďŝƌĚƐ ĞǀŽůǀĞĚĨƌŽŵĚŝŶŽƐĂƵƌƐ͕ǁŚĂƚŬŝŶĚƐŽĨŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶǁŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞůĞĚƚŽ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚďŝƌĚƐ͍ To be of the same species, organisms must be able to . . . ϭ͘ ZĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ Ϯ͘ ,ĂǀĞŚĞĂůƚŚǇŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶĂůƐŽƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ŚŽƌƐĞƐĂŶĚ ĚŽŶŬĞǇƐĂƌĞŶŽƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞ͗dŚĞǇĐĂŶƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞhdƚŚĞŝƌŽīƐƉƌŝŶŐ͕ ŵƵůĞƐ͕ĐĂŶŶŽƚƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͖ƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƐƚĞƌŝůĞ͘ The process of evolution: KǀĞƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ = more are born than can survive 'ĞŶĞƟĐǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶсŵƵƚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƟĐƌĞĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶůĞĂĚƐƚŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ͕ŶĞǁ͕ ĂŶĚŶĞǁĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚƌĂŝƚƐ EĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶсƚŚĞƌĞŝƐƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌĂŶĚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚƌĂŝƚƐ 'ĞŶĞƟĐĚƌŝŌсŝŶƐŵĂůůƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĂůůĞůĞƐĐĂŶďĞĐŽŵĞĮǆĞĚŝŶĂƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞĂůůĞůĞŝƐƚŚĞŽŶůǇĐŽƉǇŽĨƚŚĂƚĂůůĞůĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ ZĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ = organisms are isolated from each other so they cannot ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͖ŐĞŶĞŇŽǁŝƐƐƚŽƉƉĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŐƌŽƵƉƐͶƚŚŝƐŝƐĂ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĨŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĂƟŽŶ dŚĞƌĞŵƵƐƚďĞŐĞŶĞƟĐǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶƚŽŚĂǀĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚƌĂŝƚƐ͘ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚƌĂŝƚƐĂůůŽǁĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƟĐĚƌŝŌ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƟĐĚƌŝŌĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐŝŶƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ͘ KƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐǁŝƚŚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚƌĂŝƚƐĐĂŶĞǀŽůǀĞĂǁĂǇĨƌŽŵĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌŝĨƚŚĞƌĞŝƐ ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ͘ tŚĞŶĞŶŽƵŐŚŶĞǁƚƌĂŝƚƐĂĐĐƵŵƵůĂƚĞ͕ƐƉĞĐŝĂƟŽŶĐĂŶŚĂƉƉĞŶ͘ 162 Pandia Press Teacher Guide Unit VI: Ecology Chapter 25: Predator & Prey WEEKLY SCHEDULE Two Days Day 1 Lesson Lab MSLab Day 2 FSS Lesson review SWYK Three Days Day 1 Lesson Lab Day 2 MSLab FSS Introduction dŚĞŵĂŝŶƚŽƉŝĐŽĨŚĂƉƚĞƌϮϰǁĂƐƚŚĞĂďŝŽƟĐ͕ŶŽŶͲůŝǀŝŶŐ͕ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐŝŶƚŚĞďŝŽƐƉŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĂƚĂīĞĐƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘dŚĞƚŽƉŝĐŽĨŚĂƉƚĞƌϮϱŝƐƚŚĞďŝŽƟĐ͕ůŝǀŝŶŐ͕ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚĂīĞĐƚ organisms. Learning Goals ͻ Learn about food webs. ͻ Understand how food energy is available in lesser amounts going from producers to consumers. ͻ >ĞĂƌŶƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƚǇƉĞƐŽĨďŝŽƟĐ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͗ƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌͬƉƌĞǇ͕ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͕ƐǇŵďŝŽƐŝƐ ͻ Z ĞĐŽŐŶŝǌĞƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ ŝŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘ ͻ Learn how organisms adapt to survive. ͻ Understand why niches are important in minimizing ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͘ ͻ Learn the three types of symbiosis. ͻ /ĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƚŚĂƚůŝǀĞƐŝŶ your backyard. ͻ > ĞĂƌŶŚŽǁƉůĂŶƚƉƌĞĚĂƟŽŶĂīĞĐƚƐ plants. Day 3 >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK Five Days Extracurricular Resources Books MSLAB ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐǁŝƚŚDĂǆǆŝŽŵ͕ŝƐŬƵƉ͕ŐŶŝĞƐǌŬĂ :ŽƵƌŶĞǇŝŶƚŽĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚDĂǆǆŝŽŵ͕ŝƐŬƵƉ͕ŐŶŝĞƐǌŬĂ dŚĞtŽƌůĚŽĨ&ŽŽĚŚĂŝŶƐǁŝƚŚDĂǆǆŝŽŵ͕K͛ŽŶŶŶĞůů͕>ŝĂŵ dŽƚĂůůǇŵĂǌŝŶŐZĂŝŶĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ, Golden Books &Ƶƌ͕&ĞĂƚŚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚ&ůŝƉƉĞƌƐ͗,ŽǁŶŝŵĂůƐ>ŝǀĞtŚĞƌĞdŚĞǇŽ, Lauber, Patricia Food Chains and Webs, Wallace, Holly KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵĂŶǇďŽŽŬƐǁƌŝƩĞŶĂďŽƵƚŽƌďǇ:ĂŶĞ'ŽŽĚĂůů͖ŽŶĞƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶŝƐ͗DǇ>ŝĨĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ ŚŝŵƉĂŶǌĞĞƐ Day 4 Websites and Videos Day 1 Lesson Day 2 Lab Day 3 FSS Day 5 >ĞƐƐŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁ SWYK FSS: Famous Science Series MSLab: Microscope Lab SWYK: Show What You Know Pandia Press dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĂƌƟĐůĞĂďŽƵƚŐĞŶĞƟĐƐĂŶĚŵŝŵŝĐƌǇ͗ďŝŽůŽŐǇ͘ĂďŽƵƚ͘ĐŽŵͬďͬϮϬϭϭͬϬϳͬϮϮͬŵŝŵŝĐƌǇͲ controlled-by-a-single-gene.htm?nl=1 ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϬϳϬϳͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĂďŝŽƟĐͲĂŶĚͲďŝŽƟĐͲĨĂĐƚŽƌƐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘ htm dŚŝƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐŽŶĞͲŚŽƵƌĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƌǇŝƐĂďŽƵƚĨĂŵŽƵƐƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚ͘K͘tŝůƐŽŶ͕ďŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ĂŶƚƐ͕ ŚƵŵĂŶŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚďŝŽƟĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͗ǀŝĚĞŽ͘ƉďƐ͘ŽƌŐͬǀŝĚĞŽͬϵϴϬϬϰϵϲϯϮͬη dŚŝƐŝƐĂŐŽŽĚĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶŽĨĨŽŽĚǁĞďƐ͗ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϳϵϵϳͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲ discovery-the-food-web-video.htm 187 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 25 Extracurricular Resources ŐŽŽĚĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶŽĨĞŶĞƌŐǇƉǇƌĂŵŝĚƐ͘/ƚƵƐĞƐƚŚĞƚĞƌŵtrophic level͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚtrophic means ͞ƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽŶƵƚƌŝƟŽŶ͗͟ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϳϵϵϱͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲĞŶĞƌŐǇͲ ŇŽǁͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ dŚŝƐŝƐĂǀŝƐƵĂůĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵ͗ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϮϵϰϵϱͲĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚͲ discovery-ecosystem-video.htm dŚĞŶĞǆƚƚŚƌĞĞǀŝĚĞŽƐĨŽƌŵĂƐĞƌŝĞƐĂďŽƵƚĂŶĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵŵŽƐƚƉĞŽƉůĞĚŽŶŽƚŬŶŽǁŵƵĐŚĂďŽƵƚ͕ĐĂǀĞƐ͗ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲŚĞĂůƚŚͬϯϰϮϮϵͲĞĂƌƚŚͲĐĂǀĞƐͲƐĂǀĞĚͲĨƌŽŵͲĂďŽǀĞͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲŚĞĂůƚŚͬϯϰϮϮϴͲĞĂƌƚŚͲĐĂǀĞƐͲƌĞǀĞĂůͲŚŝĚĚĞŶͲĐƌĞĂƚƵƌĞƐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͲŚĞĂůƚŚͬϯϰϮϮϳͲĞĂƌƚŚͲϯͲƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐͲĂďŽƵƚͲůŝĨĞͲŝŶͲĐĂǀĞƐͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ǁǁǁ͘ďƌĂŝŶƉŽƉ͘ĐŽŵͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͬĨĂŵŽƵƐƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐͬũĂŶĞŐŽŽĚĂůůͬ Read Lesson Explore Lab 188 No Fighting, No Biting: Wanna Bet? dŚĞůĞƐƐŽŶĐŽǀĞƌƐƚŚĞďŝŽƟĐ͕ůŝǀŝŶŐ͕ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚĂīĞĐƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘dŚĞƐĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĐƌĞĂƚĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚƌĂŝƚƐ͕ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ ĨŽƌŵŽƌƉŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƚƌĂŝƚƐĂŶĚĨŽƌďĞŚĂǀŝŽƌĂůƚƌĂŝƚƐ͘WƌĞĚĂƚŽƌͬƉƌĞǇƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĂƌĞ ĂĚƌŝǀŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƚƌĂŝƚƐƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉĐĂƚĐŚƉƌĞǇĂŶĚĞůƵĚĞƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐ͘ ŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶĂůƐŽĚƌŝǀĞƐƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƐƚĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶŝƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͕ŝŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƐĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŚĂǀĞƚŚĞ ĞǆĂĐƚƐĂŵĞŶĞĞĚƐ͕ƚŚĞǇƐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞŶŝĐŚĞ͘dŚĞŵŽƌĞƉĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŶŝĐŚĞ that organisms share (and in the case of organisms of the same species, these ƉĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐĂƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůͿ͕ƚŚĞƐƟīĞƌƚŚĞĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚŽƐĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘ dŚĞƚĞƌŵƐŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂŶĚŝŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŵŝŐŚƚĐĂƵƐĞĐŽŶĨƵƐŝŽŶĨŽƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘dŚĞ ƉƌĞĮǆinterŵĞĂŶƐ͞ĂŵŽŶŐŽƌďĞƚǁĞĞŶ͘͟dŚĞǁŽƌĚŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŵĞĂŶƐ͞ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘͟dŚĞƉƌĞĮǆintraŵĞĂŶƐ͞ǁŝƚŚŝŶ͘͟dŚĞǁŽƌĚŝŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŵĞĂŶƐ͞ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͘͟dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƵƐĞĨƵůƉƌĞĮǆĞƐƚŽŬŶŽǁĨŽƌŚŝŐŚƐĐŚŽŽůƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͘ Backyard Food Web ^ĞƚĂƐŝĚĞĞŶŽƵŐŚƟŵĞƐŽǇŽƵĐĂŶƌĞůĂǆ͕ĞŶũŽǇ͕ĂŶĚƐƉĞŶĚĂƐŵƵĐŚƟŵĞĂƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŐĞƫŶŐƚŽŬŶŽǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŝŶǇŽƵƌďĂĐŬǇĂƌĚ͘/ƚŝƐŚĞůƉĨƵůĨŽƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚŽďĞĂďůĞƚŽĚŝƐĐƵƐƐǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞŽďƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ͘dŚĞǁŝůĚůŝĨĞďŽŽŬƐĂƌĞ ŽƉƟŽŶĂů͕ďƵƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞǀĞƌǇŚĞůƉĨƵůǁŚĞŶĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝŶŐǁŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐĞĂƚ͘/ĨǇŽƵŬŶŽǁ there are animals in your backyard that you do not observe, it is okay to include ƚŚĞŵ͘tŚĞŶĮůůŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞůĂďƐŚĞĞƚ͕ŵĂŬĞƐƵƌĞŝƚŝƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚĂƐĂĨŽŽĚǁĞďŶŽƚĂƐĂ food chain. Very few animals eat just one type of food. Make sure students include plants and insects in their food web and help them look for evidence of symbiosis. /ĨǇŽƵŚĂǀĞƌŽƐĞƐ͕ǇŽƵŵŝŐŚƚďĞĂďůĞƚŽƐĞĞĂŶƚƐĂŶĚĂƉŚŝĚƐŝŶĂĐƟŽŶ͘KŶĞƚǇƉĞŽĨ ƐǇŵďŝŽƐŝƐƚŚĂƚŝƐĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇŐŽŝŶŐŽŶŝŶǇŽƵƌďĂĐŬǇĂƌĚŝƐƉĂƌĂƐŝƟƐŵ͘tŝůĚĂŶŝŵĂůƐ ŚĂǀĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůǁŽƌŵƐ͕ŇĞĂƐ͕ĂŶĚůŝĐĞ͘zŽƵĐĂŶƚĂůŬĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƉĂƌĂƐŝƚĞƐ to the health of the host, what kind of niche a parasite has compared to other Pandia Press Predator & Prey Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide animals (at least they keep them alive as opposed to carnivores), and how and why we keep pets parasite-free. dŚŝƐŝƐĂŐŽŽĚƟŵĞƚŽĚŝƐĐƵƐƐǁŚǇƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŽŵĂŶǇŵŽƌĞƉůĂŶƚƐŝŶŶƵŵďĞƌƐ and in mass than animals. It is because at each level up in the food web, there is less energy available to support the organisms at that level. (O) (P) (P) Explore Plant Predation Have you ever thought of plants as prey? Probably not, but they are. Microscope Lab ĞĨŽƌĞŌĞƌ 100x 100x ĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƚǁŽďůĂĚĞƐŽĨŐƌĂƐƐ͘ ƚƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞŐƌĂƐƐǁĂƐƚŽƌŶ͕ŝƚǁĂƐŵƵĐŚĚĂƌŬĞƌƚŚĂŶĂŶǇǁŚĞƌĞĞůƐĞƚŚĂƚ was not torn. Why do yoƵƚŚŝŶŬŐƌĂǌŝŶŐĐĂŶďĞŚĂƌŵĨƵůƚŽƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƚŽǁŚŝĐŚŝƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ͍ /ƚŚŝŶŬŝƚĚĂŵĂŐĞƐƚŚĞĐĞůůƐĂƚƚŚĞƐŝƚĞǁŚĞƌĞŐƌĂǌŝŶŐŽĐĐƵƌƐ͕ŬŝůůŝŶŐƚŚŽƐĞĐĞůůƐ͘ ^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐǁŚĞŶŐƌĂƐƐŝƐĐƵƚ͕ƚŚĞƟƉƚƵƌŶƐďƌŽǁŶ͘hƐĞƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐǇŽƵŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ between the two blades to explain why this might occur. ƚƚŚĞƟƉǁŚĞƌĞŐƌĂƐƐŝƐƚŽƌŶ͕ƚŚĞĐĞůůƐĚŝĞ͘dŚĞƐĞĚĞĂĚĐĞůůƐƚƵƌŶďƌŽǁŶ͘ Pandia Press 189 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 25 Absorb Famous Science Series Jane Goodall: Famous Observer of Biotic Interactions When researching about Jane Goodall, the problem is the amount of ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐŚĞĞƌĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͕ŝƚĐĂŶďĞŚĂƌĚƚŽƐŝŌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝƚĂůůƚŽĂŶƐǁĞƌƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘^ŚĞŝƐĂƉƌŽůŝĮĐĂƵƚŚŽƌŚĞƌƐĞůĨ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ŵĂŶǇ ƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀĞǁƌŝƩĞŶĂďŽƵƚŚĞƌ͘zŽƵŵŝŐŚƚŶĞĞĚƚŽŚĞůƉǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨ this. tĂƚĐŚƚŚĞƚǁŽzŽƵdƵďĞǀŝĚĞŽƐďĞůŽǁƚŽůĞĂƌŶĂďŽƵƚ:ĂŶĞ'ŽŽĚĂůů͘dŚĞĮƌƐƚ ǀŝĚĞŽǁĂƐŵĂĚĞďǇƚǁŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĂďŝŽůŽŐǇĐůĂƐƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚǀŝĚĞŽŝƐĂŶ interview with her done for the television show ϲϬDŝŶƵƚĞƐ. ǁǁǁ͘ǇŽƵƚƵďĞ͘ĐŽŵͬǁĂƚĐŚ͍ǀсũŬŝŽEĐŬũzƌŬΘĨĞĂƚƵƌĞсƌĞůĂƚĞĚ ǁǁǁ͘ǇŽƵƚƵďĞ͘ĐŽŵͬǁĂƚĐŚ͍ǀсŬϱYϲͲŚŚϰϵŵh dŚĞ'ŽŵďĞEĂƟŽŶĂůWĂƌŬŝƐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝŵƉƐ'ŽŽĚĂůůƐƚƵĚŝĞĚ͘>ŽŽŬ over the brochure for it at ǁǁǁ͘ƚĂŶǌĂŶŝĂͲƐĂĨĂƌŝͲĐŚĂŶŶĞů͘ĐŽŵͬĂƐƐĞƚƐͬĮůĞƐͬƉĚĨͬ gombe.pdf. Suggested answers: ŐŽŽĚƟƚůĞĨŽƌ:ĂŶĞ'ŽŽĚĂůůĐŽƵůĚďĞ͞&ĂŵŽƵƐKďƐĞƌǀĞƌŽĨŝŽƟĐ/ŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͘͟ tŚĂƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĚŝĚDƐ͘'ŽŽĚĂůůŽďƐĞƌǀĞ͕ĂŶĚǁŚǇŝƐƚŚŝƐĂŐŽŽĚƟƚůĞ͍Goodall observed chimps; answers will vary What are the two main threats that chimps face today? WŽĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůŽƐƐŽĨŚĂďŝƚĂƚ It has been said that Jane Goodall, through her work, has changed the way we think ĂďŽƵƚĂůůĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘^ŚĞŽŶĐĞƐĂŝĚ͕͞KŶůǇŝĨǇŽƵƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚǁŝůůǇŽƵĐĂƌĞ͘ŶŝŵĂůƐ have feelings too.” What did she mean by this? Answers will vary Many of the volunteer and outreach programs started by Goodall reach out to kids your age. How can people your age help save chimps? Answers will vary A famous anthropologist gave Jane Goodall her start. What is his name and why is he famous? >ŽƵŝƐ>ĞĂŬĞǇƉƌŽǀĞĚƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞĞǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶĨƌŝĐĂ͘,ĞĂůƐŽŚĞůƉĞĚƉƵƐŚ ďĂĐŬƚŚĞĚĂƚĞĨŽƌǁŚĞŶŚŽŵŝŶŝĚƐĞǀŽůǀĞĚďǇƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨǇĞĂƌƐ͘ dŚĞ'ŽŵďĞEĂƟŽŶĂůWĂƌŬŝƐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝŵƉƐ'ŽŽĚĂůůƐƚƵĚŝĞĚ͘tŚĂƚ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŝƐ'ŽŵďĞEĂƟŽŶĂůWĂƌŬŝŶ͍dĂŶǌĂŶŝĂ tŚĂƚůĂŬĞĚŽĞƐƚŚĞƉĂƌŬďŽƌĚĞƌ͍&ŝŶĚƚŚĞůĂŬĞĂŶĚKůĚƵǀĂŝ'ŽƌŐĞ͕ǁŚĞƌĞ>ĞĂŬĞǇ made his discoveries, on a map of Africa. dĂŶŐĂŶǇŝŬĂ tŚĂƚĨĂŵŽƵƐĞǆƉůŽƌĞƌĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚƚŚĞůĂŬĞ͛ƐŽŶůǇŽƵƚůĞƚ͍Livingstone Why do humans need to keep 10 meters away from the chimps? Chimps and people can transmit diseases to one another. 190 Pandia Press Predator & Prey Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Learn Show What You Know Predator & Prey ϭ͘/ĨǇŽƵŚĂǀĞĂƉĞƚ͕ůŽŽŬĂƚƚŚĞůŝƐƚŽĨŝŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐŽŶǇŽƵƌƉĞƚ͛ƐĨŽŽĚ͘ĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞ list, is your pet an omnivore, herbivore, or carnivore? If you do not have a pet, look ĂƚĂďĂŐŽĨƉĞƚĨŽŽĚƚŚĞŶĞǆƚƟŵĞǇŽƵĂƌĞĂƚƚŚĞŐƌŽĐĞƌǇƐƚŽƌĞ͘Answers will vary 2. Draw a food web using the organisms below. You do not have to use all of them. Draw the arrow going away from an organism to what it might be eaten by. For organisms that make their own food write a P on them. Spider ÅďĞĞ͕ŇǇ ĂŐůĞÅsnake, cardinal, mouse, trout, chicken (occasionally) Lion Å deer, mouse, raccoon, chicken, eagle (if it can catch it) Snake ÅŵŽƵƐĞ͕ĐĂƌĚŝŶĂů͕ĮƐŚ Cardinal Å apple tree (P), mushrooms Deer Ågrass (P), tree (P), mushrooms Mouse ÅŐƌĂƐƐ;WͿ͕ƚƌĞĞ;WͿ͕ŇŽǁĞƌ͕ŵƵƐŚƌŽŽŵƐ Fly Å any of these animals if they are dead (or poop), apple ZĂĐĐŽŽŶÅĂƉƉůĞƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĞĞ͕ŵŽƵƐĞ͕ĐĂƌĚŝŶĂů͕ĮƐŚ͕ƐŶĂŬĞ͕ŵƵƐŚƌŽŽŵ dƌŽƵƚÅŇǇ͕ďĞĞ͕ƐƉŝĚĞƌ Chicken ÅŇǇ͕ďĞĞ͕ƐƉŝĚĞƌ͕ĂƉƉůĞƐĨƌŽŵƚƌĞĞ Person Å deer, chicken, trout, apple from tree, mushroom Mushroom ÅƌŽƫŶŐůŽŐ͕ƌŽƫŶŐĂƉƉůĞƐ ϯ͘>ŝƐƚƚŚƌĞĞĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐŚĂǀĞĨŽƌĐĂƚĐŚŝŶŐƉƌĞǇ͘ůĂǁƐ͕ĨĂŶŐƐ͕ƉŽŝƐŽŶ ϰ͘>ŝƐƚƚŚƌĞĞĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐƉƌĞǇĂŶŝŵĂůƐŚĂǀĞĨŽƌĂǀŽŝĚŝŶŐďĞŝŶŐĐĂƵŐŚƚ͘ǆƉůĂŝŶƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨĞĂĐŚĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ͻ ĂŵŽƵŇĂŐĞʹŚĞůƉƐƚŽŚŝĚĞ ͻ DŝŵŝĐƌǇʹůŽŽŬůŝŬĞĂďĂĚͲƚĂƐƟŶŐŽƌƉŽŝƐŽŶŽƵƐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƐŽǇŽƵĂƌĞŶŽƚĞĂƚĞŶ ͻ ƉŽƐĞŵĂƟĐĐŽůŽƌŝŶŐʹƐĂǇƐůĞĂǀĞŵĞĂůŽŶĞ͕/ĂŵƉŽŝƐŽŶŽƵƐŽƌƚĂƐƚĞďĂĚ ͻ ŝŽůƵŵŝŶĞƐĐĞŶĐĞŚĞůƉƐŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĮŶĚĨŽŽĚĂŶĚĞƐĐĂƉĞƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐ ͻ W ůĂŶƚƐŵĂŬĞďĂĚͲƚĂƐƟŶŐŽƌƉŽŝƐŽŶŽƵƐĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ͕ŚĂǀĞƚŚŽƌŶƐĂŶĚƐƟĐŬĞƌƐ͕Θ protect seeds 5. DƵůƟƉůĞĐŚŽŝĐĞ ůĞĂŶŝŶŐĮƐŚǁŝůůŐŽŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŵŽƵƚŚŽĨĂďĂƌƌĂĐƵĚĂĂŶĚĐůĞĂŶŝƚƐƚĞĞƚŚ͕ĞĂƟŶŐĂŶǇ ƉĂƌĂƐŝƚĞƐƚŚĞǇĮŶĚ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞ 'ŽŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌїŚĞƌďŝǀŽƌĞїĐĂƌŶŝǀŽƌĞthere is less energy When two species have a similar niche, they use ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƉĂƌƟƟŽŶŝŶŐ to reduce ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͘ ŽƌĂůƐŶĂŬĞƐŚĂǀĞǇĞůůŽǁ͕ƌĞĚ͕ĂŶĚďůĂĐŬƐƚƌŝƉĞƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨĂƉŽƐĞŵĂƟĐ ĐŽůŽƌĂƟŽŶ Pandia Press 191 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 25 ŽŵŵĞŶƐĂůŝƐŵŝƐĂƐǇŵďŝŽƟĐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉǁŚĞƌĞŽŶĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐďĞŶĞĮƚƐĂŶĚŝƚĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚ ĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ dŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŶƚĞŶƐĞĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶŝƐ ŝŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ Plants defend themselves against predators using ĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞ ŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨŝŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶŝƐĂĚŽŐŵĂƌŬŝŶŐŝƚƐƚĞƌƌŝƚŽƌǇ dŚĞƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌͬƉƌĞǇƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉŝƐďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂůƚŽĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇďĞĐĂƵƐĞthey increase the diversity in the community ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͛ƐŶŝĐŚĞŝƐŝƚƐũŽďŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ YƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ 6. Plants are called producers because they produce their own food. What is the name of the process they use to do this? In what organelle does this process ŽĐĐƵƌ͍tƌŝƚĞƚŚĞĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůƌĞĂĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƐƚĂƚĞƚŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽŽĚŵĂĚĞŝŶƚŚŝƐ process. (10 points if you do not have to peek, 5 if you do) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts ϲKϮнϲ,ϮKнĞŶĞƌŐǇĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐƵŶї6,ϭϮK6 нϲKϮ ĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽǆŝĚĞнǁĂƚĞƌнƐƵŶůŝŐŚƚїŐůƵĐŽƐĞнŽǆǇŐĞŶ 7. All organisms need energy. What is the name of the process used to make ĞŶĞƌŐǇ͍/ŶǁŚĂƚŽƌŐĂŶĞůůĞĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĐĐƵƌ͍tƌŝƚĞƚŚĞĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ for this process. (10 points if you do not have to peek, 5 if you do) ĞůůƵůĂƌƌĞƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶŽĐĐƵƌƐŝŶŵŝƚŽĐŚŽŶĚƌŝĂ C6,ϭϮK6 нϲKϮїϲKϮнϲ,ϮKнĞŶĞƌŐǇŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĐĂŶƵƐĞ ŐůƵĐŽƐĞнŽǆǇŐĞŶїĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽǆŝĚĞнǁĂƚĞƌнĞŶĞƌŐǇŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĐĂŶƵƐĞ Read Lesson Review Predator & Prey ďŝŽƟĐ = living parts of the environment producers = autotrophs = organisms that produce their own food consumers = heterotrophs = organisms that consume others for food dǇƉĞƐŽĨĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ͗ ͻ carnivores = eat meat ͻ herbivores = eat plants ͻ omnivores = eat plants and meat ͻ decomposers = use chemicals to break plants and animals into molecules and absorb the molecules Food web = a diagram showing what organisms eat 'ŽŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌƐїŚĞƌďŝǀŽƌĞƐĂŶĚĚĞĐŽŵƉŽƐĞƌƐїŽŵŶŝǀŽƌĞƐїĐĂƌŶŝǀŽƌĞƐ͕ there is less food energy for each level. Less available food energy leads to smaller ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐŝǌĞƐĂƐǇŽƵŐŽƵƉƚŚĞĞŶĞƌŐǇƉǇƌĂŵŝĚ͘ EĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐǁŚĞƌĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŚĂǀĞĂďĞƩĞƌŽƌĂǁŽƌƐĞĐŚĂŶĐĞ of survival because of their traits. 192 Pandia Press Predator & Prey Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ŝŽƟĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐ͘ŝŽƟĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐůĞĂĚ ƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƚƌĂŝƚƐ͘^ĞůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌƚƌĂŝƚƐůĞĂĚƐƚŽĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉĂŶ organism survive in its environment. /ŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐсŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ species /ŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐсŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŽĨƚŚĞsame species ǆĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͗ ͻ WƌĞĚĂƚŽƌͬƉƌĞǇƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ » WƌĞĚĂƟŽŶďĞŶĞĮƚƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐďǇŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ » d ŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐƚŽŚĞůƉƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐĐĂƚĐŚƉƌĞǇĂŶĚƚŽŚĞůƉƉƌĞǇĞƐĐĂƉĞ predators: ͻ Sharp claws and teeth ͻ WƌŽĚƵĐĞƉŽŝƐŽŶŽƵƐŽƌďĂĚͲƚĂƐƟŶŐĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůƐ ͻ ĂŵŽƵŇĂŐĞ͘dǇƉĞƐŽĨĐĂŵŽƵŇĂŐĞ͗ ΎŝƐƌƵƉƟǀĞĐŽůŽƌĂƟŽŶ Ύ>ŝŐŚƚďĞůůŝĞƐĨŽƌĮƐŚĂŶĚƐŽŵĞĂŵƉŚŝďŝĂŶƐ ͻ ƉŽƐĞŵĂƟĐĐŽůŽƌĂƟŽŶсǁĂƌŶŝŶŐĐŽůŽƌĂƟŽŶ ͻ DŝŵŝĐƌǇсůŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞƉŽŝƐŽŶŽƵƐŽƌďĂĚͲƚĂƐƟŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ͻ Bioluminescence = organisms create their own light ͻ ^ƟĐŬĞƌƐŽƌƚŚŽƌŶƐ͕ƉůĂŶƚƐ ͻ WƌŽƚĞĐƟǀĞƐŚĞůů ͻŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ » Niche = job an organism has in its environment, such as what it eats and ǁŚĞƌĞŝƚůŝǀĞƐ͘EŝĐŚĞƐƌĞĚƵĐĞŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ » /ŶƚƌĂƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶŝƐŵŽƌĞŝŶƚĞŶƐĞƚŚĂŶŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͕ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŽĐĐƵƉǇƚŚĞƐĂŵĞŶŝĐŚĞ » ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƉŽƌƟŽŶŝŶŐсĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐǁŝƚŚƐŝŵŝůĂƌŶŝĐŚĞƐ ƵƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƐůŝŐŚƚůǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇ͖ƚŚŝƐƌĞĚƵĐĞƐŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ ͻ SymbiosisсŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ » MutualismсďŽƚŚƐƉĞĐŝĞƐďĞŶĞĮƚĨƌŽŵƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ » WĂƌĂƐŝƟƐŵсŽŶĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐďĞŶĞĮƚƐĨƌŽŵƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͕ŽŶĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŝƐŚĂƌŵĞĚ ďǇƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ » CommensalismсŽŶĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐďĞŶĞĮƚƐĨƌŽŵƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͕ŽŶĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŝƐ ƵŶĂīĞĐƚĞĚ Pandia Press 193 Teacher Guide Unit VII: Classification Chapter 31: Kingdom Animalia WEEKLY SCHEDULE Introduction Two Days DŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŝŶĚŽŵĂŝŶƵŬĂƌǇĂĂƌĞŝŶŬŝŶŐĚŽŵŶŝŵĂůŝĂ͕ƚŚĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚŽĨŚĂƉƚĞƌϯϭ͘dŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐĨŽƌĂůŽŶŐůĞƐƐŽŶůŝƐƟŶŐƚƌĂŝƚƐ͘/ĨǇŽƵĂƌĞƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƚǁŽͲ ĚĂǇƐͲĂͲǁĞĞŬƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞ͕ŵĂŬĞƐƵƌĞǇŽƵƌƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚĂǇƐĨŽĐƵƐĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞůĞƐƐŽŶ͘dŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞͲĂŶĚĮǀĞͲĚĂǇƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞƐƉůŝƚƚŚĞůĞƐƐŽŶƵƉŽǀĞƌƚǁŽĚĂǇƐ͕ƐƚƵĚǇŝŶŐŝŶǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĂǇĂŶĚǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞƐƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚ͘ dŚĞůĂďŝŶƚŚŝƐĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͕ƌƚŚƌŽƉŽĚƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ŚĂƐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĐŽŵƉĂƌŝŶŐĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝŶŐŝŶƐĞĐƚƐĂŶĚĂƌĂĐŚŶŝĚƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂŐĞŶĞƌĂůůĂďĂŶĚĂŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞůĂďĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ͘ If you are not using a microscope for this course, this lab could be completed using only ĂŵĂŐŶŝĨǇŝŶŐŐůĂƐƐ;ŚĂŶĚůĞŶƐͿ͕ďƵƚŽďǀŝŽƵƐůǇƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁŽŶ͛ƚƐĞĞĂƐŵƵĐŚĚĞƚĂŝůĨŽƌ comparison. Day 1 Lesson Poem Lab Day 2 FSS Lesson review SWYK Three Days Day 1 Lesson part 1 Poem Lab- begin Day 2 Lesson part 2 Lab - complete Day 3 FSS Lesson review SWYK Five Days Day 1 Lesson part 1 Poem Lab- begin Day 2 Lesson part 2 Lab - complete Day 3 FSS Day 4 Lesson review Day 5 SWYK Pandia Press >ĂďϯϮ͕ŝŶƚŚĞŶĞǆƚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌ͕ƚĂŬĞƐϱƚŽϭϬĚĂǇƐƚŽƐĞĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂďůĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐ͘zŽƵŵŝŐŚƚǁĂŶƚƚŽƐƚĂƌƚŝƚŽŶ &ƌŝĚĂǇŽĨƚŚĞǁĞĞŬǇŽƵĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞŚĂƉƚĞƌϯϭ͕ŽƌŽŶDŽŶĚĂǇŽĨƚŚĞǁĞĞŬǇŽƵƐƚĂƌƚŚĂƉƚĞƌϯϮ͘ Learning Goals ͻ Learn the traits all animals share. ͻ Learn the names of the nine major animal phyla. ͻ Learn shared derived traits that warrants an organism’s placement in a phylum. ͻ > ĞĂƌŶƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶ invertebrate and vertebrate animals. ͻ Learn the terms ĞĐƚŽƚŚĞƌŵ and ĞŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŵ. ͻ Learn about the three types of mammals. Extracurricular Resources Books zŽƵĐĂŶĮŶĚŵĂŶǇďŽŽŬƐĂďŽƵƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐĂƚǇŽƵƌůŽĐĂůůŝďƌĂƌǇ͘^ŽŵĞƚŚĂƚ/ůŝŬĞĂƌĞ͗ ŶŝŵĂů'ƌŽƐƐŽůŽŐǇ͕dŚĞ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞŽĨƌĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ'ƌŽƐƐĂŶĚŝƐŐƵƐƟŶŐ͕ƌĂŶǌĞŝ͕^ǇůǀŝĂ Intelligence in Animals͕ZĞĂĚĞƌ͛ƐŝŐĞƐƚ͕ůŽŶŐďƵƚǀĞƌǇŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐ dŝŵĞͲ>ŝĨĞ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚ>ŝďƌĂƌǇDĂŵŵĂůƐ tŽůĨWĂĐŬdƌĂĐŬŝŶŐtŽůǀĞƐŝŶƚŚĞtŝůĚ, Johnson, Sylivia A. and Aamodt, Alice Website Videos ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĂŶŝŵĂůͲƉůĂŶĞƚͬϮϵϭϯϯͲĐĂƵŐŚƚͲŝŶͲƚŚĞͲŵŽŵĞŶƚͲƚŚĞͲďŽƩŽŵͲŽĨͲƚŚĞͲŽĐĞĂŶͲ video.htm ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϭϵϲϰͲĂŶŝŵĂůƐͲƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐͲĂŶŝŵĂůƐͲĂƚͲƐŵŝƚŚƐŽŶŝĂŶͲŶĂƟŽŶĂůͲǌŽŽͲ video.htm ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͘ŚŽǁƐƚƵīǁŽƌŬƐ͘ĐŽŵͬĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇͬϯϱϯϯϭͲŵĞĞƚͲƚŚĞͲŇǇŝŶŐͲĨŽǆͲǀŝĚĞŽ͘Śƚŵ ďƌĂŝŶƉŽƉ͘ĐŽŵͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͬĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽŇŝĨĞͬĚŽůƉŚŝŶƐͬ ďƌĂŝŶƉŽƉ͘ĐŽŵͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͬĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽŇŝĨĞͬĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚƐͬ ďƌĂŝŶƉŽƉ͘ĐŽŵͬƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͬĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽŇŝĨĞͬƉƌŝŵĂƚĞƐͬ 233 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 31 Read Lesson Read Poem Explore Microscope Lab antennae abdomen 234 Spider vs. Insect dŚĞƉŽĞŵƌĞŝŶĨŽƌĐĞƐƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƐƉŝĚĞƌƐ;ĂƌĂĐŚŶŝĚƐͿĂŶĚ ŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ;ŚĞǆĂƉŽĚƐͿ͘/ƚŝƐĨŽƌǇŽƵƚŽƵƐĞĂƐǇŽƵǁŝƐŚͲͲƌĞĐŝƚĞŽŶĐĞŽƌŵĂŶǇƟŵĞƐ͕Žƌ perhaps transcribe and illustrate. When I recite this poem I march when I get to ƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚͲůĞŌƉĂƌƚ͘dŚĞĮƌƐƚƟŵĞ/ƌĞĐŝƚĞĚƚŚŝƐƉŽĞŵǁĂƐĂƚŵǇůŽĐĂůůŝďƌĂƌǇĨŽƌĂ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƌĞĂĚŝŶŐŐƌŽƵƉ͘dŚĞǇůŽǀĞĚŝƚ͘^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŬŝĚƐŐŽƚƵƉĂŶĚŵĂƌĐŚĞĚĂůŽŶŐ with me. If you are working with students of various ages, this poem would provide an opportunity for an older child to teach a younger one. Arthropod Arrangement tŚĞŶ/ǁƌŽƚĞƚŚŝƐůĂď/ĐŽƵůĚũƵƐƚŝŵĂŐŝŶĞďĞŝŶŐĂƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚŽŶĞŚƵŶĚƌĞĚǇĞĂƌƐ ĂŐŽ͕ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵŝŶŐĂŶĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚůŝŬĞƚŚŝƐ͕ũƵƐƚŵĞĂŶĚŵǇŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞĮŐƵƌŝŶŐŽƵƚ ƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂƌĂĐŚŶŝĚƐĂŶĚŚĞǆĂƉŽĚƐ͕ŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ͘zŽƵŶĞĞĚƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇĨƌĞƐŚ ƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐ͘/ŶƐĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĚĞĂĚĂůŽŶŐƟŵĞƚĞŶĚƚŽŐĞƚĐƌƵŵďůǇ͘/ĨǇŽƵ collect and kill live specimens, do not damage them. If you use bug spray on them be very careful. Bug spray is toxic to humans. You could collect them and put them ŝŶƚŚĞĨƌĞĞǌĞƌƵŶƟůƚŚĞǇĚŝĞ͘/ƚĂůůƐĞĞŵƐǀĞƌǇƵŶŬŝŶĚ͕ĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŝƚ͍tŚĂƚ/ĚŝĚǁĂƐ͕/ ůŽŽŬĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĨŽƌĂďŽƵƚƚǁŽǁĞĞŬƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƵƉƚŽƚŚĞĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͖/ĨŽƵŶĚŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶĞŶŽƵŐŚŐŽŽĚƐƉĞĐŝŵĞŶƐŽĨĨƌĞƐŚďƵƚĚĞĂĚŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ͘^ƉŝĚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞŚĂƌĚĞƌƚŽĮŶĚ͕ ďƵƚ/ŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƚŽĮŶĚŽŶĞƚŽŽ͘ dŚŝƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝƐĨŽƌĂŇǇĂŶĚĂƐƉŝĚĞƌ͘ DǇ/ŶƐĞĐƚ͕ůĂƐƐ,ĞǆŽƉŽĚ͘DǇKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ ǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ͗,ĂŝƌĂŶĚƉŽƌĞƐĂůůŽǀĞƌ͘/ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĐĂǀŝƟĞƐ͘ thorax legs wings zŽƵŵŝŐŚƚŚĂǀĞŶŽƟĐĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞůŝƐƚƐŽĨƚƌĂŝƚƐĨŽƌĞĂĐŚƉŚǇůƵŵŽŶůǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂďůĞ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶĂďŽƵƚŐĞŶĞƟĐƐ͕ďŝŽĐŚĞŵŝƐƚƌǇ͕Žƌ ďŝŽĐŚĞŵŝĐĂůƉĂƚŚǁĂǇƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶŐĞŶĞƟĐƐĂŶĚďŝŽĐŚĞŵŝƐƚƌǇďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐŝŶƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉŚǇůĂ͖/ũƵƐƚĚŽŶŽƚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐƚŚĞŵ͘/ŶĨĂĐƚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞ ŵƵƐƚďĞŐĞŶĞƟĐĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐĨŽƌŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚƌĂŝƚƐͶƚŚĂƚŝƐĂŐŝǀĞŶ͘dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞĐĞƌƚĂŝŶŐĞŶĞƟĐŵĂƌŬĞƌƐĂŶĚďŝŽĐŚĞŵŝƐƚƌǇƵŶŝƋƵĞƚŽĞĂĐŚŐƌŽƵƉŝŶŐ͘ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶĐŚĞŵŝƐƚƌǇĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƟĐƐŝƐŵŽƌĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĨŽƌĂŚŝŐŚƐĐŚŽŽů ŽƌĐŽůůĞŐĞͲůĞǀĞůĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘dŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐƚŚĞǁƌŝƩĞŶĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝŶŚĂƉƚĞƌƐϯϬ͕ϯϭ͕ĂŶĚϯϮ ŵŽƌĞ͞ŽůĚĨĂƐŚŝŽŶĞĚ͘͟ƐƚŚĞŐĞŶŽƚǇƉĞƐŽĨŵŽƌĞĂŶĚŵŽƌĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂŶĚǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽďĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƌĞĐůĂƐƐŝĮĞĚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞ results of the analyses. Possible Answers: mouthpart head Lords of Their Domain Body Parts: ϯƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐ͘/ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞďŽĚǇƉĂƌƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂƚũŽŝŶƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞƐĞŽĐĐƵƌĂƚƚĂƉĞƌĞĚƐŝƚĞƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŚĞŵ͘ Joints and legs:ϲůĞŐƐ͘/ƚŝƐĞĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŚĂƐ Pandia Press Kingdom Animalia Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ŝƚƐũŽŝŶƚƐ͘^ŽŵĞũŽŝŶƚƐůŽŽŬƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽŚŽǁŽƵƌũŽŝŶƚƐǁŽƵůĚůŽŽŬŝĨƚŚĞƐŬŝŶǁĞƌĞ ƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ͘KƚŚĞƌũŽŝŶƚƐůŽŽŬũƵƐƚůŝŬĞƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚƐ/ŚĂǀĞƐĞĞŶŽŶƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŽĨĐƌĂď ůĞŐƐ͘/ƚůŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƚǁŽƉĂƌƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚĮƚƐŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞ larger part. KƚŚĞƌKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ͗dŚĞŇǇŚĂĚǁŚŝƚĞůŝŶĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐŝƚƐĂďĚŽŵĞŶƚŚĂƚůŽŽŬĞĚůŝŬĞ ƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ͘dŚĞƐĞǁĞƌĞŶŽƚũŽŝŶƚƐ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚ͘/ǁŽŶĚĞƌŝĨƚŚĞŇǇ͛Ɛ ĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŐƌŽǁƐŝŶƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐ͘DĂǇďĞĞǀĞƌǇƟŵĞƚŚĞŇǇŵŽůƚƐ͕ŝƚƐĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ ŐƌŽǁƐďĂĐŬǁŝƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƐĞŐŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞŇǇůŽŽŬĞĚůŝŬĞŝƚŚĂĚĞŐŐƐŝŶŝƚƐĂďĚŽŵĞŶ͘/ƚ ǁĂƐĮůůĞĚǁŝƚŚůŝƩůĞĐŝƌĐůĞƐ͘ DǇƌĂĐŚŶŝĚ͕ůĂƐƐƌĂĐŚŶŝĚĂ͘DǇKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ ǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ͗,ĂŝƌĂŶĚƉŽƌĞƐĂůůŽǀĞƌ͘/ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĐĂǀŝƟĞƐ͘ Body Parts: ϮƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐ͘/ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞďŽĚǇƉĂƌƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂƚũŽŝŶƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞƐĞŽĐĐƵƌĂƚƚĂƉĞƌĞĚƐŝƚĞƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŚĞŵ͘ mouthparts cephalothorax legs abdomen Joints and legs:ϴůĞŐƐ͘/ƚŝƐĞĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŚĂƐ ŝƚƐũŽŝŶƚƐ͘^ŽŵĞũŽŝŶƚƐůŽŽŬƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽŚŽǁŽƵƌũŽŝŶƚƐǁŽƵůĚůŽŽŬŝĨƚŚĞƐŬŝŶǁĞƌĞ ƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ͘KƚŚĞƌũŽŝŶƚƐůŽŽŬũƵƐƚůŝŬĞƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚƐ/ŚĂǀĞƐĞĞŶŽŶƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŽĨĐƌĂď ůĞŐƐ͘/ƚůŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƚǁŽƉĂƌƚƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚďǇũŽŝŶƚĮƚƐŝŶƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞ ůĂƌŐĞƌƉĂƌƚ͘>ŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞĐůĂǁƐĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞůĞŐƐ͘ KƚŚĞƌKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ͗^ŽŵĞƐƉŝĚĞƌƐ͕ůŝŬĞƚŚĞŽŶĞ/ůŽŽŬĞĚĂƚ͕ƐƉŝŶǁĞďƐĂŶĚŚĂǀĞĂ ůŝƩůĞƉůĂĐĞĂƚƚŚĞŝƌďŽƩŽŵǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǁĞďͲďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŽƌƐŝůŬĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵ͕ ĐĂůůĞĚƐƉŝŶŶĞƌƐ͘/ŶƐĞĐƚƐĚŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƚŚŝƐ͘dŚĞƐƉŝĚĞƌŚĂƐĨĂŶŐƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚůŽŽŬƋƵŝƚĞ ŐƌƵĞƐŽŵĞƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŵŝĐƌŽƐĐŽƉĞ͘KŶĞŝƚŚĞƌƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŶŐƐŝƐǁŚĂƚůŽŽŬƐůŝŬĞƚĞĞƚŚ͘ dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞŶŽƚĨĂŶŐƐŽƌƚĞĞƚŚƐƵĐŚĂƐŵĂŵŵĂůƐŚĂǀĞ͘dŚĞƐƉŝĚĞƌ͛ƐĨĂŶŐƐĂŶĚ͞ƚĞĞƚŚ͟ ůŽŽŬůŝŬĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĂƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ͘ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŽĨ,ĞǆŽƉŽĚƐĂŶĚƌĂĐŚŶŝĚƐ ^ŝŵŝůĂƌŝƟĞƐ͗ ŶĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶͲdŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŽĨďŽƚŚŚĂǀĞŚĂŝƌĂŶĚƉŽƌĞƐĂůůŽǀĞƌƚŚĞŵ͘/ĐŽƵůĚ ƐĞĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŽŶďŽƚŚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĐĂǀŝƟĞƐ͘ :ŽŝŶƚĞĚůĞŐƐͲ/ƚŝƐĞĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶŚĂƐŝƚƐũŽŝŶƚƐ͘ŽƚŚ ŚĂǀĞĐůĂǁƐĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚƐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌůĞŐƐ͘ DƵůƟƉůĞďŽĚǇƉĂƌƚƐͲzŽƵĐĂŶƐĞĞǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞďŽĚǇƉĂƌƚƐĂƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂƚũŽŝŶƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞƐĞŽĐĐƵƌĂƚƚĂƉĞƌĞĚƐŝƚĞƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞũŽŝŶƚƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƚŚĞŵ͘ ŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͗ Insects have 3 segments and 6 legs ^ƉŝĚĞƌƐŚĂǀĞϮƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚϴůĞŐƐ ^ŽŵĞŝŶƐĞĐƚƐ͕ůŝŬĞƚŚĞŽŶĞ/ůŽŽŬĞĚĂƚ͕ŚĂǀĞǁŝŶŐƐ͘^ƉŝĚĞƌƐĚŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞǁŝŶŐƐ͘ ^ƉŝĚĞƌƐŵĂǇŚĂǀĞƐƉŝŶŶĞƌƐŽƌĨĂŶŐƐ͘/ŶƐĞĐƚƐĚŽŶŽƚ͘ Pandia Press 235 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 31 Absorb Famous Science Series James Audubon :ĂŵĞƐƵĚƵďŽŶŝƐĂĨĂŵŽƵƐŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐƚĂŶĚĨƌŽŶƟĞƌƐŵĂŶ͘,ŝƐƐƚŽƌǇŝƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐ ĂŶĚƵŶŝƋƵĞ͘KŶĞƌĞĂƐŽŶ/ĐŚŽƐĞŚŝŵǁĂƐƚŽŐŝǀĞŝŶƐŝŐŚƚŝŶƚŽŚŽǁƚŚĞŵĞƚŚŽĚƐŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐŚĂƐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚƐŝŶĐĞŚŝƐƟŵĞ͘ Suggested Answers: James Audubon painted hundreds of birds. Where was he born? When was he born? In what country did he study birds? Why did he go to that country? ,ĞǁĂƐ ďŽƌŶŝŶϭϳϴϱŝŶ,ĂŝƟ͘,ĞƐƚƵĚŝĞĚďŝƌĚƐŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘,ĞĐĂŵĞƚŽƚŚĞh͘^͘ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚďĞŝŶŐĐŽŶƐĐƌŝƉƚĞĚŝŶƚŽEĂƉŽůĞŽŶ͛ƐĂƌŵǇ͘ What was the name of the book Audubon wrote about birds? ŝƌĚƐŽĨŵĞƌŝĐĂ or KƌŶŝƚŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ tŚĂƚƐŽĐŝĞƚǇŝƐŶĂŵĞĚĂŌĞƌŚŝŵ͍tŚĂƚŝƐŝƚƐƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͍dŚĞƵĚƵďŽŶ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ͘ Its purpose is to save and restore ecosystems with special emphasis on the birds and ǁŝůĚůŝĨĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚŽƐĞĞĐŽƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘ When Audubon discovered a bird he had not seen before, he shot it to study it ŵŽƌĞĐůŽƐĞůǇ͘dŚĞŶŚĞƉĂŝŶƚĞĚŝƚ͘ŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨdŚĞƵĚƵďŽŶ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ ƐƟůůƐŚŽŽƚďŝƌĚƐƚŽƐƚƵĚǇƚŚĞŵ͍KŶůǇǁŝƚŚĂĐĂŵĞƌĂ͊ Learn Show What You Know Kingdom Animalia ϭ͘dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞĐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ,ĂŝƌǇͲEŽƐĞĚtŽŵďĂƚ͘tŽŵďĂƚƐĂƌĞ ŵĂƌƐƵƉŝĂůƐŶĂƟǀĞƚŽƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƐůĂŶĚŽĨdĂƐŵĂŶŝĂ͘ Domain ƵŬĂƌǇĂ <ŝŶŐĚŽŵ Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia KƌĚĞƌ ŝƉƌŽƚŽĚŽŶƟĂ Family sŽŵďĂƟĚĂĞ Genius Lasiorhinus ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ ůĂƟĨƌŽŶƐ tŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŶĂŵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶ,ĂŝƌǇͲEŽƐĞĚtŽŵďĂƚ͍Lasiorhinus ůĂƟĨƌŽŶƐ 2. Fix each statement to make it true. All animals... ͻĂƌĞunicellular ŵƵůƟĐĞůůƵůĂƌ ͻĂƌĞimmobile mobile ͻŚĂǀĞƉƌŽŬĂƌǇŽƟĐ cells ĞƵŬĂƌǇŽƟĐ ͻhave cell walls do not have ͻare autotrophs, that make their own food using photosynthesis are ŚĞƚĞƌŽƚƌŽƉŚƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĞĂƚŽƚŚĞƌŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐĨŽƌĨŽŽĚ 236 Pandia Press Kingdom Animalia Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide ϯ͘DĂƚĐŚĞĂĐŚŐƌŽƵƉǁŝƚŚƚŚĞďĞƐƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶĨŽƌŝƚ͘ Crustacea long bodies, lots of segments, 1 to 2 feet coming from each segment Myriapoda 2 body segments, 8 legs Hexapoda 3 body segments, 6 legs, 2 antennae Arachnida 10 to 40 legs, 4 antennae, gills 4. Fill in the cladogram. Mountain Mountain gorilla gorilla Opossum Opossum Duck-billed Duckbilled platapus platypus Red tailhawk hawk Red-tail Long pregnancy, followed Long pregnancy, followed by the by the delivery more delivery of more of developed developed offspring. offspring Placenta develops in in female Placenta develops female when she when sheisispregnant pregnant Chameleon Chameleon Mammary glands Mammary glands Army ant ant Army Endotherm Endotherm Sea urchin Starfish Endoskeleton Endoskeleton Lives on onland land Lives Heterotroph Heterotroph DƵůƟƉůĞŚŽŝĐĞ 1. A squid is an invertebrate animal, meaning ŝƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĂďĂĐŬďŽŶĞ Ϯ͘ŶĂŶŝŵĂůƚŚĂƚŚĂƐŽŶĞŵƵƐĐƵůĂƌĨŽŽƚĂŶĚĂƐŽŌďŽĚǇŝƐĂ;ŶͿŵŽůůƵƐŬ ϯ͘ŶĂŶŝŵĂůƚŚĂƚŝƐĂƋƵĂƟĐ͕ĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƟƐƐƵĞďƵƚĚŽĞƐŚĂǀĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚĐĞůůƐ͕ ŚĂƐĂŚŽůůŽǁďŽĚǇǁŝƚŚƉŽƌĞƐŝŶŝƚ͕ĂŶĚŚĂƐĂďŝŐŚŽůĞŽŶƚŽƉǁŚĞƌĞǁĂƐƚĞŇŽǁƐ out, is a(n) ƉŽƌŝĨĞƌĂ 4. An animal with jointed legs, a segmented body, and an exoskeleton is a(n) arthropod ϱ͘ŶĂƋƵĂƟĐĂŶŝŵĂůǁŝƚŚĂƌĂĚŝĂůďŽĚǇƉůĂŶ͕ĂƐĂĐͲůŝŬĞďŽĚǇǁŝƚŚŽŶĞŽƉĞŶŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚ ƐƟŶŐŝŶŐƚĞŶƚĂĐůĞƐŝƚƵƐĞƐƚŽŝŵŵŽďŝůŝǌĞŝƚƉƌĞǇŝƐĂ;ŶͿcnidaria ϲ͘ŶĂƋƵĂƟĐĂŶŝŵĂůǁŝƚŚĂƌĂĚŝĂůďŽĚǇƉůĂŶ͕ĂƚŽƵŐŚƐƉŝŶǇƐŬŝŶ͕ĂŶĚƚƵďĞĨĞĞƚ it uses to move is a(n) echinoderm ϳ͘ŶĂŶŝŵĂůǁŝƚŚĂďĂĐŬďŽŶĞ͕ĂŚĞĂĚ͕ĂŶĚĂƐŽƉŚŝƐƟĐĂƚĞĚďŽĚǇƉůĂŶŝƐĂ;ŶͿ chordate 8. Segmented worms ŚĂǀĞďŽƚŚŵĂůĞƐĂŶĚĨĞŵĂůĞƉĂƌƚƐ 9. Nematodes are roundworms that ŚĂǀĞĂůŽŶŐ͕ƚŚƌĞĂĚůŝŬĞďŽĚǇ 10. Platyheminthes are worms that ŚĂǀĞĂŇĂƚďŽĚǇǁŝƚŚĂŵŽƵƚŚĂƚŽŶĞĞŶĚ ϭϭ͘dŚŝƐĂŶŝŵĂůŐĞƚƐĨŽŽĚǁŚĞŶŝƚŵŽǀĞƐĨŽŽĚĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉŽƌĞƐŝŶŝƚƐďŽĚǇ͘/ƚ is a sponge Pandia Press 237 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 31 ϭϮ͘dŚĞƚĞƌŵradial body plan means an organism has a central point that the rest ŽĨƚŚĞŝƌďŽĚǇŝƐĂƌƌĂŶŐĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚ 13. A vertebrate has ĂŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ ϭϰ͘ŶĚŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶƐĂƌĞŵĂĚĞĨƌŽŵďŽŶĞĂŶĚĐĂƌƟůĂŐĞ 15. An ectotherm ƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞƐŝƚƐďŽĚǇƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞďǇĞǆĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐŚĞĂƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ environment 16. An endotherm regulates its own body temperature internally ϭϳ͘dŚŝƐǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞĂŶŝŵĂůŐŽĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŵĞƚĂŵŽƌƉŚŽƐŝƐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞŝƚƐƚĂƌƚƐŽƵƚĂƐ ŽŶĞĨŽƌŵĂŶĚŐƌŽǁƐƚŽůŽŽŬĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇĂƐĂŶĂĚƵůƚ͕ŝƐĂŶĞĐƚŽƚŚĞƌŵ͕ĂŶĚůĂǇƐ eggs in water. It is a(n) amphibian ϭϴ͘dŚŝƐǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞĂŶŝŵĂůůŝǀĞƐŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ͕ŚĂƐĮŶƐ͕ďƌĞĂƚŚĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŐŝůůƐ͕ůĂǇƐĞŐŐƐ͕ and is an ectotherm. It is a(n) ĮƐŚ ϭϵ͘dŚŝƐǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞĂŶŝŵĂůŚĂƐĨĞĂƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚǁŝŶŐƐ͕ĂďĞĂŬ͕ůĂǇƐĞŐŐƐ͕ĂŶĚŝƐĂŶ endotherm. It is a(n) bird ϮϬ͘dŚŝƐǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞĂŶŝŵĂůŚĂƐĚƌǇƐĐĂůǇƐŬŝŶ͕ůĂǇƐĞŐŐƐ͕ĂŶĚŝƐĂŶĞĐƚŽƚŚĞƌŵ͘ It is a(n) ƌĞƉƟůĞ Ϯϭ͘dŚŝƐǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞĂŶŝŵĂůŚĂƐŵĂŵŵĂƌǇŐůĂŶĚƐ͕ŚĂŝƌŽƌĨƵƌ͕ĂŶĚŝƐĂŶĞŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŵ͘/ƚ is a(n) mammal ϮϮ͘dŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨŵĂŵŵĂƌǇŐůĂŶĚƐŝƐƚŽŵĂŬĞŵŝůŬ 23. A mammal that lays eggs is a monotreme Ϯϰ͘KƌŐĂŶŝƐŵƐǁŝƚŚŐŝůůƐƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌŽǆǇŐĞŶĂŶĚĐĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽǆŝĚĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŵ Read Lesson Review Kingdom Animalia dƌǇƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ^ŽĐƌĂƟĐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĂŶĚƐĞĞŚŽǁǁĞůůƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌƚŚĞƚƌĂŝƚƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚŽƌǁŝƚŚũƵƐƚ ĂůŝƩůĞƉƌŽŵƉƟŶŐ͘ All animals ͻ ƌĞŵƵůƟĐĞůůƵůĂƌ ͻ ƌĞŵŽďŝůĞ ͻ ,ĂǀĞĞƵŬĂƌǇŽƟĐĐĞůůƐ ͻ ŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞĐĞůůǁĂůůƐ ͻ ƌĞŚĞƚĞƌŽƚƌŽƉŚƐ Invertebrate = no backbone Vertebrate = has a backbone Eight of the nine major animal phyla are invertebrates: 1. Porifera = sponges ͻƋƵĂƟĐ ͻŽŶŽƚŚĂǀĞƟƐƐƵĞƐŽƌŽƌŐĂŶƐ ͻŽŚĂǀĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝǌĞĚĐĞůůƐ ͻ,ŽůůŽǁďŽĚǇ ͻ&ŽŽĚĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌŵŽǀĞŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐƉŽŶŐĞ͛ƐďŽĚǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƉĞŶŝŶŐƐĐĂůůĞĚƉŽƌĞƐ ͻtĂƐƚĞŵŽǀĞƐŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƉŽŶŐĞ͛ƐďŽĚǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŚŽůĞŝŶŝƚƐƚŽƉ ͻ,ĂƌĚƐƉŝŶĞƚŚĂƚŐŝǀĞƐƚŚĞŵƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƉĞ 238 Pandia Press Kingdom Animalia Biology Level 2 Teacher Guide Ϯ͘ŶŝĚĂƌŝĂсũĞůůǇĮƐŚ͕ƐĞĂĂŶĞŵŽŶĞƐ ͻƋƵĂƟĐ ͻZĂĚŝĂůďŽĚǇƉůĂŶ ͻ^ĂĐͲůŝŬĞďŽĚǇǁŝƚŚŽŶĞŽƉĞŶŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞŝƌŵŽƵƚŚ ͻdĞŶƚĂĐůĞƐǁŝƚŚƐƟŶŐŝŶŐĐĞůůƐƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌŵŽƵƚŚ ϯ͘WůĂƚǇŚĞůŵŝŶƚŚĞƐсŇĂƚǁŽƌŵ ͻ&ůĂƚďŽĚǇ ͻDŽƵƚŚĂƚŽŶĞĞŶĚ ͻWĂƌĂƐŝƚĞƐ 4. Nematoda = roundworm ͻ>ŽŶŐ͕ƚŚƌĞĂĚůŝŬĞďŽĚŝĞƐ ͻWĂƌĂƐŝƚĞƐ 5. Annelida = earthworm ͻdƵďĞͲƐŚĂƉĞĚďŽĚŝĞƐŵĂĚĞĨƌŽŵƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐ ͻŽƚŚŵĂůĞĂŶĚĨĞŵĂůĞƉĂƌƚƐŽŶƐĂŵĞĂŶŝŵĂů 6. Mollusca = shelled animals ͻ>ŝǀĞŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ͕ĞǆĐĞƉƚƐŶĂŝůƐ͕ƐůƵŐƐ ͻ^ŚĞůů͕ĞǆĐĞƉƚƐƋƵŝĚƐ͕ŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐ͕ƐŽŵĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŽĨƐůƵŐƐ ͻDƵƐĐƵůĂƌĨŽŽƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇƵƐĞƐŽƚŚĞǇĐĂŶŵŽǀĞĂŶĚďƵƌƌŽǁ ͻ^ŽŌďŽĚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚĂůĂǇĞƌŽĨĨŽůĚĞĚƐŬŝŶƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐƚŚĞŝƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶƐ 7. Arthropoda = insects, spiders ͻ:ŽŝŶƚĞĚůĞŐƐ ͻŽĚŝĞƐĂƌĞĚŝǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŽƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐ ͻǆŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ ͻŶƚĞŶŶĂĞ͕ĞǆĐĞƉƚĂƌĂĐŚŶŝĚƐ ͻ&ŽƵƌŵĂŝŶĐůĂƐƐĞƐсCrustacea, Myriapoda, Hexapoda, Arachnida ϴ͘ĐŚŝŶŽĚĞƌŵƐсƐƚĂƌĮƐŚ͕ƐĂŶĚĚŽůůĂƌƐ ͻ>ŝǀĞŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƌŝŶĞďŝŽŵĞ ͻdŽƵŐŚ͕ƐƉŝŶǇƐŬŝŶ ͻZĂĚŝĂůďŽĚǇƉůĂŶĂƌƌĂŶŐĞĚŝŶĮǀĞƉĂƌƚƐ ͻDŽǀĞŽŶƚƵďĞĨĞĞƚďǇĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂŶĚƌĞůĞĂƐŝŶŐƐƵĐƟŽŶ One animal phylum contains all vertebrates: 9. Chordata = animals with backbones ͻŶĚŽƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶǁŝƚŚďĂĐŬďŽŶĞ ͻ,ĞĂĚ ͻ^ŽƉŚŝƐƟĐĂƚĞĚďŽĚǇƐǇƐƚĞŵ Pandia Press 239 REAL Science Odyssey Chapter 31 Classes of Chordates: Fish ͻ>ŝǀĞŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ ͻƵůůĞƚ͕ƐƚƌĞĂŵůŝŶĞĚƐŚĂƉĞ ͻ&ŝŶƐĨŽƌƐǁŝŵŵŝŶŐ ͻƌĞĂƚŚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŐŝůůƐ ͻDŽƐƚĞĐƚŽƚŚĞƌŵƐ ͻDŽƐƚůĂǇĞŐŐƐ Amphibians ͻ>ĂǇĞŐŐƐŝŶǁĂƚĞƌ ͻ'ŽƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵĞƚĂŵŽƌƉŚŽƐŝƐ ͻ^ŵŽŽƚŚŵŽŝƐƚƐŬŝŶƚŚĞǇĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞŽǆǇŐĞŶĂĐƌŽƐƐ ͻĐƚŽƚŚĞƌŵƐ ZĞƉƟůĞƐ ͻƌǇ͕ƐĐĂůǇƐŬŝŶ ͻƌĞĂƚŚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚůƵŶŐƐ ͻ>ĂǇĞŐŐƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĂůĞĂƚŚĞƌǇƐŚĞůů ͻtŚĞŶƚŚĞǇŚĂƚĐŚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝƌĞŐŐƚŚĞǇůŽŽŬůŝŬĞŵŝŶŝĂƚƵƌĞĂĚƵůƚƐ ͻĐƚŽƚŚĞƌŵƐ Birds ͻ&ĞĂƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚǁŝŶŐƐ ͻdǁŽůĞŐƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚŝŶƐĐĂůǇƐŬŝŶ ͻĞĂŬǁŝƚŚŶŽƚĞĞƚŚ ͻƌĞĂƚŚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚůƵŶŐƐ ͻ>ĂǇĞŐŐƐŝŶŚĂƌĚƐŚĞůůƐ ͻŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŵƐ ͻDŽƐƚĐĂŶŇǇ Mammals ͻ,ĂŝƌŽƌĨƵƌ ͻƌĞĂƚŚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚůƵŶŐƐ ͻDĂŵŵĂƌǇŐůĂŶĚƐ ͻŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŵƐ dŚƌĞĞŐƌŽƵƉƐŽĨŵĂŵŵĂůƐǁŝƚŚƚŚƌĞĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚďŝƌƚŚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͗ 1. Placental mammals - e.g. wildebeest ͻdŚĞĞŵďƌǇŽĂƩĂĐŚĞĚƚŽĂƉůĂĐĞŶƚĂ ͻEƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĂƌĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞŶƚĂďĞƚǁĞĞŶŵŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚ embryo ͻ&ĞƚƵƐďŽƌŶǁĞůůͲĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ 2. Marsupial mammals - e.g. kangaroo ͻdŚĞĞŵďƌǇŽĂƩĂĐŚĞĚƚŽĂƉůĂĐĞŶƚĂ ͻEƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐĂŶĚǁĂƐƚĞĂƌĞƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌƌĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞŶƚĂďĞƚǁĞĞŶŵŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚ embryo ͻ&ĞƚƵƐďŽƌŶůĞƐƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ 3. Monotreme mammals - e.g. duckbilled platypus ͻ>ĂǇĞŐŐƐ ͻŵďƌǇŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉƐŝŶĞŐŐ ͻEŽƉůĂĐĞŶƚĂ 240 Pandia Press Thank you for previewing RSO Biology 2 Teacher Guide. We hope you are enjoying the sample chapters. To purchase a complete eBook of REAL Science Odyssey Biology 2 Teacher Guide, please visit: Pandia Press www.pandiapress.com Biology 2 LEVEL RSO Biology 2 is a comprehensive biology course designed to meet and exceed the National Science Education Standards for life science at the middle school level (grades 5 through 8). But unlike many science textbooks, RSO Biology 2 is not a dry collection of facts and worksheets but rather an in-depth course that engages young people’s minds at the same time they are actively participating in the learning of biology. RSO Biology 2 has been created specifically for home, group, and small classroom use. The course assumes no science background for teacher or student, and there’s no need for an expensive laboratory. RSO Biology 2 uses natural settings that encourage students to explore the world around them through the hands-on application of scientific method, observation skills, analytical skills, and age-appropriate mathematics. The course is contained in two books—student and teacher guide. The student book functions as a textbook and a workbook, organizing the student’s lessons, lab instructions, lab sheets, research, and assessments all in one place. The teacher guide is set up to resemble the student book. Each lesson is reviewed in the teacher’s guide with further explanation not found in the student book, as well as answers, suggestions, grading, learning goals, resources, and scheduling. Divided into 32 chapters, both books together provide a rigorous and complete middle school biology course that covers a 36 week school year. Each chapter begins with an entertaining written lesson that is followed by several components intended to reinforce the lesson, address the needs of different learning styles, and engage students in hands-on learning and research. General topics covered in RSO Biology 2: Cells Evolution Genetics Ecology Anatomy & Physiology Classification

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