Workplace Fire Safety & Live Fire Fighting Course INTRODUCING Captain Simon Osborne INTRODUCING Deputy Captain & Advanced Paramedic Greg Summers INTRODUCING Station Officer Reece Jordan INTRODUCING Station Officer Allison Ludlow Your Turn - Trainee Introductions • Your Preferred name • Your Fire Safety and Extinguisher Experience • Your Personal goal for the course Student Safety & Wellness Briefing Floor Warden Appointment Evacuation Procedures Toilets Planned Breaks Units, Post Course Assignment & Certificate Units 4647 3271 Description Explain principles of fire science Suppress fire with hand extinguishers and fixed hose reels Level 2 2 Credit 1 1 Version 5 6 7 What are the Elements that Cause Fires to Start? Basic Elements of a Fire Fire burns because three elements are present: Some FUEL or combustible material Fuel can be any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids must vaporise into a gas or vapour before they will burn Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature Heat is the energy necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapours are given off for ignition to occur. Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 12 - 16 percent oxygen, the air we breathe contains around 21 percent oxygen. OXYGEN + HEAT + FUEL = FIRE In technical language, fire is a chemical reaction. Think of fire as a triangle. If any one of three sides - heat, fuel or oxygen - is taken away, the fire goes out. UNDERSTANDING FIRE? Every day Kiwi’s experience the horror of fire but most people don't understand fire. Fire is FAST! There is little time! In less than 30 seconds a small flame can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire. It only takes minutes for thick black smoke to fill a house or for it to be engulfed in flames. Most deadly fires occur in the home when people are asleep. If you wake up to a fire, you won't have time to grab valuables because fire spreads too quickly and the smoke is too thick. There is only time to escape. Fire is HOT! Heat is more threatening than flames. A fire's heat alone can kill. Room temperatures in a fire can be 100 degrees at floor level and rise to 600 degrees at eye level. Inhaling this super-hot air will scorch your lungs. This heat can melt clothes to your skin. In five minutes, a room can get so hot that everything in it ignites at once: this is called flashover. UNDERSTANDING FIRE? Fire is DARK! Fire isn't bright, it's pitch black. Fire starts bright, but quickly produces black smoke and complete darkness. If you wake up to a fire you may be blinded, disoriented and unable to find your way around the home you've lived in for years. Fire is DEADLY! Smoke and toxic gases kill more people than flames do. Fire uses up the oxygen you need and produces smoke and poisonous gases that kill. Breathing even small amounts of smoke and toxic gases can make you drowsy, disoriented and short of breath. The odorless fumes can lull you into a deep sleep before the flames reach your door. You may not wake up in time to escape. Only when we know the true nature of fire can we prepare our families and ourselves. Lets watch this video clip Think Safety First Wear Your PPE Lets watch this video clip Office Fires ~ Are You Prepared? Lets watch this video clip Types of Fire Safety Equipment Powder Fire Extinguisher (ABE) The Powder Fire Extinguisher ABE, distinguished by a white coloured band around the top of the cylinder, is the most widely used type of fire extinguisher suited for fires occurring in the house, boat, garage, car or caravan. They discharge a Siliconised Potassium Bicarbonate; or Ammonium Phosphate powder that absorbs fuel molecules, depriving the fire of a fuel source. Powder Fire Extinguishers are available in a range of sizes for domestic and industrial situations including 2.1kg, 2.7kg, 4.5kg and 9.0kg models. The ABE range also offers a 4.5 kg high performance fire extinguisher Powder Fire Extinguishers ABE are suitable for the following types of fire: Class A – Paper, textiles, wood, most plastics & rubber Class B – Flammable liquids Class C – Combustible gases Class E – Electrically energised equipment Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fire Extinguishers Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Fire Extinguishers are distinguished by a black coloured band around the top of the cylinder. Carbon dioxide is a non-conductive and non-corrosive gas used to reduce the amount of oxygen available to the fire. Carbon dioxide is extracted from the atmosphere and stored at high pressure in the liquid state within a fire extinguisher. CO2 type extinguishers are available in including 2kg, 3.5kg and 5kg options. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers are suitable for the following types of fires: Class B – Flammable liquids Class E – Electrically energised equipment Foam Fire Extinguishers Foam fire extinguishers are marked with a blue band Foam fire extinguishers work by covering a burning flammable liquid with a blanket of foam, cutting off the fire’s air supply and preventing the release of flammable vapours. Foam options are available in a 9.1 litre size. Foam Fire Extinguishers are suitable for the following types of fires: Class A – Paper, textiles, wood, most plastics & rubber Class B – Flammable liquids This product should not be used on Class E or Class F Fires Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers, marked by an oatmeal coloured band, are effective against fires involving cooking oils and fats. They employ an agent that reacts with burning cooking oil or fat to form a suds-like blanket across the fuel surface, cutting off the fire’s air supply and preventing the release of flammable vapours. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers in two sizes. The 7 litre is ideal for large cooking and food processing applications, and the 3.5 litre is ideal for restaurant kitchens. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers are suitable for the following types of fires: Class A – Paper, textiles, wood, most plastics and rubber Class F – Cooking oils or fats This product should not be used on Class E Fires Water Fire Extinguishers Water Fire Extinguishers are completely red with no coloured band Water Fire Extinguishers discharge a stream of water onto the fire, lowering the temperature of the burning material to below ignition point. Water options are available in a 9.1 litre size. Water Fire Extinguishers are suitable for the following types of fires: Class A – Paper, textiles, wood, most plastics & rubber This product should not be used on Class B, Class E or Class F Fires Fixed Fire Hose Reels Fire Hose Reels provide a reasonably accessible and controlled supply of water to combat a potential Class A fire risk. Various types of Fire Hose Reels are available to meet specific needs. With a standard fully extended length of 36 metres, they are designed to deliver a minimum of 0.33 litres of water per second. A control nozzle attached to the end of the hose enables the operator to control the direction and flow of water to the fire. Fire Hose Reel features: • • • A unique ball valve shut off device, ensuring the maximum flow of water is available to the hose with one movement of a lever A solid brass hose nozzle Quick and easy installation using our simple wall mounting bracket Fire Hose Reels are suitable for the following types of fires: Class A – Paper, textiles, wood, most plastics & rubber This product should not be used on Class E or Class F Fires Fire Blankets Fire Blankets are ideal for settings where small Class F fires are a risk such as in kitchens or wherever oils or fats are exposed to potential ignition. They can also be used if a person’s clothing has caught fire. A Fire Blanket are manufactured from woven glass fibre material. They cut off a fire’s supply of oxygen, smothering it either permanently or until more effective fire-fighting equipment can be employed. Open the fire blanket and hold it in front of you to shield your body, hands and face from the fire. Cover the burning material completely, ensuring there are no gaps for oxygen to reach the fire. Shut off any gas or other fuel supply involved in the fire, and contact the fire department if you have not done so already. Leave the blanket in place for at least 30 minutes to allow the oil or fat to cool. Note: Fire Blankets are not designed for re-use! It is essential that you dispose of your Fire Blanket once it has been employed. Types of Fire Safety Equipment Lets watch this video clip Fire Action Notices Did you know a small fire can take over an entire room in just 2-3 minutes? That’s why YOU need to install a working smoke alarm in every bedroom! If you are a home owner and have no working smoke alarms at all, or you live in a house with a common hallway, you must install one working, photoelectric smoke alarm: Between the kitchen/living areas Inside any room where someone sleeps In the common hallway that connects all bedrooms Photoelectric Smoke Alarms • A photoelectric smoke alarm’s sensing chamber contains a light emitting diode and a light sensitive receiver. When smoke, or other by-products of combustion, fills this chamber the light beam is scattered and sets off the alarm. • Photoelectric smoke alarms are suitable for living rooms, dining rooms, hallways and bedrooms. • This is because these rooms often contain large pieces of furniture, such as sofas, chairs, and mattresses etc. Which, while burning will create more smouldering smoke than intense flame and heat. However photoelectric smoke alarms will recognise both fire stages. • This type of smoke alarm is now the internationally recommended solution for household use i.e. one installed in each Bedroom, Hallway and Lounge room on each level. • Battery: Uses a 9 volt or AA batteries Long Life Battery: Power may last up to 10 years with a long-life lithium battery. Ionised Smoke Alarms • An ionisation type smoke alarm uses radioactive material to ionize air in the sensing chamber. As a result, the air chamber becomes conductive, permitting current to flow between two charged electrodes. • When smoke, or other by-products of combustion enter the chamber, the conductivity of the air within the chamber decreases. • When this reduction in conductivity is reduced to a predetermined level, the alarm is set off • Battery: Uses a 9 volt or AA batteries Long Life Battery: Power may last up to 10 years with a long-life lithium battery. The New Zealand Fire Service and Rural Fire Authorities recommend the use of Photoelectric Smoke Alarms and Long Life Batteries, they also recommend that one (1) Photoelectric Smoke Alarm is installed in each Bedroom and on all levels of a building. CAVIUS is the world’s smallest Photoelectric Smoke Alarm, with some big features. This Photoelectric Smoke Alarm has a: 10 year long-life battery Penetrating sound at 85dB(A) at 3 metres 10 minute pause option 30 day low battery warning COST COMPARISONS A very simple and easy cost comparison is to consider a low cost smoke alarm at between $10 and $20. Add to this the cost of replacement batteries at approximately $10 per battery, per annum and after 10 years the total cost would be $120.00. The RRP for the CAVIUS Photoelectric Smoke Alarm with a 10 year long-life battery, is just $59.90. The initial cost may be higher however over time CAVIUS proves to be more economical. Plan to get out ~ Are You Prepared? Facing Fires Lets watch this video clip LIVE FIRE ASSESSMENT EXERCISES Fire Drills ~ Are You Prepared? Lets watch this video clip Students need to return a pre-course assignment to Fire & Rescue New Zealand as part of the assessment process You are now certified in being able to suppress fires: using Pot Lids, Fire Blankets and Fire Extinguishers and in doing so: You will receive a Workplace Fire Safety Instructors Certificate You will be accredited with assessment standards 3271 and 4647 on your NZQA record of Achievement. Your certificate will be mailed to your site within 7 business days Your host employer will also be notified of your achievement Lets review the course Student Evaluation Forms Thank you for your time today and have a Safe Day! Copyright 1996 © & Intellectual Property of Fire & Rescue NZ TIME TO FLY ! 44
