1.
Diagram 23 shows two types of animal cells (P and Q) as viewed by light
microscopy. Cells of type P have many more of the organelles with the
structure X than do cells of type Q.
With reference to these diagrams, which of the following is probably a true
statement?
a) P type cells come from tissue with a higher rate of oxygen consumption
than a tissue rich in Q cells.
b) P type cells come from tissues with a lower rate of metabolism than tissues
rich in Q cells, but with higher rates of protein synthesis.
c) P cells are probably more active in secreting substances synthesised within
the cell than are Q cells.
d) P cells are more likely to depend upon aerobic respiration than are Q cells.
2.
For multicellular organisms, growth involves cell division. Large organisms have
more cells than small organisms; they do not have larger cells. Which of the
following is relevant in explaining this observation?
a) The surface area/volume ratio is important in the normal functioning of
cells.
b) Surface area/volume ratio is constant for structures with the same shape.
c) The surface area/volume ratio of very large cells would be too great for
them to function effectively.
d) The surface area of membranes within cells is important for normal cell
function.
3.
Which one of the pedigrees illustrated below is consistent with an X-linked
recessive mode of inheritance.
4.
The effects of carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature on
the rate of photosynthesis are shown below.
What conclusion can be drawn from these graphs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
Carbon dioxide is a limiting factor for photosynthesis.
Light intensity is not a limiting factor for photosynthesis.
Temperature is not a limiting factor for photosynthesis.
Oxygen is a limiting factor for photosynthesis.
Diagram 36b shows regions of the alimentary canal of some different
mammals. These animals mainly eat plant tissues with a large proportion of
cellulose. The animals cannot make direct use of cellulose as food because
they do not produce the necessary digestive enzyme. Specialised regions of
the alimentary canal of these animals contain populations of bacteria, fungi and
other micro-organisms. These organisms are able to use cellulose as a source
of energy and the mammals benefit from this.
a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘enzyme’ and why an enzyme is required
before cellulose can be used as food.
(4 marks)
b) Different enzymes function best in different conditions. Explain how the
conditions within the alimentary canal of these mammals might be ideal for
effective enzyme action.
(4 marks)
c) Very little oxygen is available in the environment where these microorganisms live. Explain how this affects their cellular metabolism and how
the mammals are able to benefit from their presence.
(8 marks)
d) An association with internal micro-organisms is an important aspect of the
biology of large plant-eating mammals. Explain how the illustrations in
Diagram 36b give evidence that the associations are very important.
(4 marks)
6.
Two groups of tadpoles were kept in separate aquaria for 23 days. The water in
one aquarium was maintained at 28°C while that in the other was 7°C. The
length of each tadpole was measured at intervals and the results tabulated as
shown below.
Day
0
1
6
13
20
23
Average length in mm
Tadpoles kept at
Tadpoles kept at
28°C
7°C
15
15
19
17
25
19
33
21
38
22
30
22
a) Draw a graph of these results on the graph paper provided.
Use only one pair of axes.
b) Estimate the average lengths of tadpoles at 28°C on day 9 and day 26.
Day 9 _____________________
Day 26 _____________________
c) With which of your two predictions in b) would you be most confident?
Explain.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d) Suggest a reason for the decline in tadpole length between day 20 and day
23 at 28°C.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7.
a) What is the significance of the enormous surface area of capillaries in the
body?
(1 mark)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) Suppose that substances could pass readily through the walls of arteries
and veins. Would a circulatory system that consisted entirely of these
vessels be adequate for the needs of body cells?
(1 mark)
Explain _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) Some invertebrate animals have blood systems in which there are no veins
or capillaries. Blood escapes from the ends of the arteries and returns to
the heart through the intercellular and inter-organ spaces (called sinuses).
What effect would this have on the effectiveness of transfer of substances
around the body?
(1 mark)
Explain _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8.
In an experiment, seven cylinder of potato were cut using a cork borer. Each
cylinder was then weighed. The cylinders were then placed in separate testtubes as shown in Diagram 35.1. Each test-tube contained a different
concentration of sugar solution.
Diagram 35.1
After 24 hours the potato cylinders were removed from the test-tubes and
carefully dried using paper towel. They were then weighed again. Some of the
potato cylinders had gained mass; some had lost mass. The changes in mass
are shown in Table 35.2.
Test tube
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Table 35.2
Amount of sugar in
g in 100 cm3 of
solution
20
18
14
12
10
6
2
Increase (+) or
decrease (-) in mass
in g
-0.70
-0.40
-0.01
+0.20
+0.30
+0.60
+0.90
a) Draw a graph of the results of the experiment on the graph paper provided
opposite on page 27.
(2 marks)
b) Which test-tube contains the most concentrated sugar solution?
(0.5 mark)
____________________________________________________________
c) Which potato cylinder is the most turgid?
(0.5 mark)
____________________________________________________________
d) From your graph state:
(i) the sugar concentration at which there would be no change in the mass
of the potato cylinder.
(1 mark)
____________________________________________________________
(ii) the change in mass of the potato cylinder if it had been placed in a testtube containing 16g of sugar in 100 cm3 of solution.
(2 marks)
____________________________________________________________
e) Consider the potato cylinders which increased in mass. Explain in two to
three sentences what caused this change.
(2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
9.
The energy used by a cell may be obtained by the breakdown of energy rich
compounds. A cell structure which is involved in this process is
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
chloroplast.
cell membrane.
vacuole.
mitochondrion.
ribosome.
10. Which substance listed below is needed by a gum tree but not by all its living
cells?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
water.
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
a nitrogen-containing compound.
a phosphorus-containing compound.
11. The substance transported by a plant stem are chiefly –
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
water in the xylem and sucrose in the phloem.
sucrose in the xylem and water in the phloem.
glucose in the phloem and water in the xylem.
minerals in the xylem and glucose in the phloem.
sucrose in the xylem and starch in the phloem.
12. In the system illustrated here, a bag made
from dialysis (cellophane) tubing filled with a
starch solution is immersed in an iodine
solution in a beaker.
Shortly after being immersed, the level of the
liquid in the tube will be rising because
a) more iodine molecules will be entering
the bag than starch molecules will be
leaving.
b) more starch molecules will be leaving the
bag than iodine molecules will be entering.
c) more water molecules will be entering than will be leaving the bag.
d) more water molecules will be leaving than entering the bag.
13. The final result after the experiment in question 12 is caused by
a)
b)
c)
d)
Brownian movement (i.e. the random movement of particles in solution).
forces of capillarity and cohesion.
only water molecules moving across the dialysis tubing.
water and iodine moving across the dialysis tubing.
The diagram of the sheep’s heart refers to questions 14 and 15.
14. Blood passing through structure A would be
a)
b)
c)
d)
supplying the heart.
entering the heart.
passing to the lungs.
passing to the body.
15. The purpose of structure B is to
a)
b)
c)
d)
maintain the pressure on the blood.
prevent back flow.
oxygenate the blood.
ensure the blood passes to the head.
16. If living cells, similar to most of those found on earth, were found on another
planet on which there was no free oxygen, which of the following organelles
would be unlikely to be present?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
17. The diagram below represents the cross section of part of a plant.
The function of the structure indicated by the arrow is to
a)
b)
c)
d)
stiffen the shoot and not to transport materials
transport water and sugars from shoots to roots
transport water and mineral salts from shoots to roots
transport water and mineral salts from roots to shoots
Questions 18 and 19 are based on the following information.
Four test tubes were set up, each containing a suspended bag made of dialysis
tubing. The constitution of the fluid in each bag and of that around it is indicated in
the diagram.
18. In which tube will the contents of the dialysis tube turn black?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tube 1
Tube 2
Tube 4
Tube 2 and Tube 3
19. If the solution outside the bag in each tube was tested with Fehling’s or
Benedict’s solution, or with Testape, in which tube would you expect to find a
reaction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tube 1
Tube 2
Tube 3
Tube 4
Question 20 is based on the following diagrams which represent four types of
surface over which exchange of gases takes place.
20. Which group of animals is most likely to have the surfaces indicated?
Surface Type
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
Snake
Amoeba
Earthworm
Skin of frog
2
Cat
Crayfish
Yabbie
Goldfish
The concentration of water is:
3
Emu
Grasshopper
Rabbit
Ant
4
Tadpole
Elephant
Dolphin
Magpie
(a)
greater inside the cell than outside.
(b)
greater in the immediate environment than in the cell.
(c)
equal inside and outside the cell.
(d)
not important to the size of the cell
If the magnification of your microscope high power objective is x40 and the low
power objective is x10 and the low power field diameter is 1200 micrometres,
the diameter of the high power field of view in micrometres is:
(a)
300.
(b)
400.
(c)
600.
(d)
1200.
(e)
12 000.