Introduction Ceramics & Glass
(1st Meeting)
Dr. Widyastuti. S.Si, M.Si
Department of Material Eng FTIRS ITS
References
• M.W Barsoum.”Fundamentals of Ceramics, The McGrawHill Companies,Inc., New York.,1997
• Kingery, W.D, et all,” Introduction to Ceramics”, 2nd edn,
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976
• C. Barry Carter, M. Grant Norton “Ceramic Materials:
Science and Engineering” Springer-Verlag New York 2013
• Robert H. Doremus, James F. Shackelford, Robert H.
Doremus ”Ceramic and Glass Materials: Structure,
Properties and Processing” Springer US (2008)
Content
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preliminary
Atomic Bond Crystal system in ceramics
Defects in crystal systems
Phase Diagram on ceramics
Ceramic and glass synthesis
Manufacturing process in ceramics and glass
Special properties of ceramics and glass
Scoring System
No Scoring System
Percentage
1
Task/ Homework
20%
2
Mid Test (ETS)
30%
3
Final Test (EAS)
Journal/ Presentation/Industrial
visit
30%
4
20%
Task 1 (group 4 student)
Describe the differences between ceramic and
other material (15 Minutes : min 10 item)
Aspect
Compared
Visual
Density
Example
Ceramics
Where is Ceramic ?
1. Metal (Fe, Mg, Ti, Al, dll)
2. Non- Metal (N2, H2, O2, dll)
3. NMESs (Non Metallic Element Solids):
B,P,S,C,Si,Ge
• Only a little is used in its pure form Combined
to obtain certain characteristics (according to
the requirements / technical applications)
Definition
• Ceramic is combination between:
- Metal + Non Metal
- Metal + NMESs
- Non Metal + NMESs
- NMESs + NMESs
Example of Ceramic:
• MgO  Mg (Metal)+O2(Non Metal/gas)
• SiO2  Si (NMESs) + O2(NonMetal/gas)
• TiC  Ti (Metal) + C(NMESs)
• SiC  Si (NMESs) + C(NMESs)
Scope of Ceramics
• Ceramics are not limited to binary alloys, even to
complex alloys such as, BaTiO3, YBa2Cu3O7, Ti3SiC2,
(BaSr)TiO3, Pb(MnNb)O3, FeMgFeO4, FeTiFeO4,
ZnFe2O4, MgAl2O3, FeAl2O4, MnAl2O4, etc
• Thus oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, silica from
metals and NMESs are classified as ceramic materials.
• So, stones, mud, clay, dust, sand, cement, bricks, glass,
tiles, walls, rust and almost everything on the surface
of the earth is in the world of ceramics
General Properties of Ceramics
• Mechanical properties: Hard, Wear resistant /
friction, brittle / easily broken / cracked,
• Thermal Properties: High Temperature
Resistance - Electrical properties: Isolator,
except superconducting ceramics
• Magnetic Properties: Not magnetic, except
ceramics based on ferrite with spinel structure
• Optical Properties: Intrinsically Transparent
Traditional Vs Advanced Ceramic
Traditional Ceramics
Clay/Silicate based
Low Purity
Simple manufacturing
process ( Simple,
unhomogen
microstructure, high
porosity, multiphase)
Example : Brick, sanitary
ware
Advanced Ceramics
Non Clay/Silicate based
High Purity
Complex manufacturing
process (complex, homogen,
low porosity, single phase)
Resistor, coating technology,
superconductor
Home Work (individual)
• Find 10 ceramic material and chemical
Formula
Glass
• An inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition
without crystallization
• An amorphous solid.
• Lacking detectable crystallinity
• only short-range atomic order
• glassy or vitreouGlass is made from Sand
• Main Component of glass is silica
• General Properties of Glass
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hard but brittle
Chemically Inert
Non Permeable to gas and Liquid (fluid)
Non conductive for electricity or heat
Transparent
Crystal versus Glassy Ceramics
– Crystalline ceramics have long-range order, with
components composed of many individually
oriented grains.
– Glassy materials possess short-range order, and
generally do not form individual grains.
– Most of the structural ceramics are crystalline.
FUSED GLASS
• Simplest glass
• Main component : Silica
• General Properties
1. High purity, optical transparency
2.Chemical durability
3. High softening point
4. Low CTE (tidak besar pengembangan)
5. Difficult and expensive to produce
• Application : Laboratory glassware, Telescope mirror,
lenses, optical fiber
•
Soda Lime Glass
• Common glass
• Produced by heating silica with sodium oxide and
calcium oxide
• General Properties:
1. Low softening point (easy to make into different
shape)
2. High thermal coefficient of expansion
3. Low resistance to chemical attacks
• Application : glass bottle, window panes, bulb
glass,
Borosilicate Glass
• Boron Oxide is added to soda lime glass
• Developed by Otto Schott (german glassmaker)
• General Properties:
1. Very low CTE
2. High softening point
3. Resistant to termal shock
4. Chemically resistant
• Application : laboratory glassware/boiling tube,
Cook ware
Lead Glass
• Commontly known as lead Crystal
• Produced by using lead oxide and pottasium
oxide
• High refractive index, relatively soft surface (easy
to grind,cut and egrave) (mudah dibentuk)
• General Properties :
1. High Refractive index
2. High density
3. Attractive glitery/shiny appearance
• Application : Prisma, parfum bottle, decorative
PPT Sources:
1. Vania Mitha PPT handout 2017
2. https://www.slideshare.net/LindaMah/chap9-glass-n-ceramic
3. MASE 542/Chem 442, Ceramics and Glasses.
https://ais.ku.edu.tr/.../lecture%205%20cera
mics%20glasses