Basic Concept of
MEANS OF EGRESS
October 23, 2020
Presented by:
Ar. Regalado G. Jasmin, uap pifpo
PART 1:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
2
TOPIC OUTLINE
PART 2:
2
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6. Standard Sizes of Exit Components
a. Doors
b. Stairs
c. Corridors
7. Area of Refuge
3
PART 1:
2
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EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
4
1. OVERVIEW
WHAT IS MEANS OF EGRESS?
A means of egress is an unobstructed path to
leave buildings, structures, and spaces. A means
of egress is comprised of exit access, exit, and
exit discharge.
2
1
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Image grab from: access-board.gov
In building code, a means of egress is a way to
exit a property. Having the appropriate number
of egress points can help save lives in a fire or
other emergency. It is important that all
property investors are familiar with their local
and statewide building codes.
5
1. OVERVIEW
CODES AND STANDARD
RA 9514: Revised Fire Code of the Philippines, 2019 Edition
2
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PD 1096: The National Building Code of the Philippines, 2019 Edition
Rule 12, General Design and Construction Requirements
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code 2019 Edition
IBC : International Building Code, 2018 Edition
Chapter 10, Means of Egress
6
1. OVERVIEW
OTHER CODES AND STANDARD
SBC 801: Saudi Fire Code, 2018 Edition
SBC 201: Saudi Building Code - General, 2018 Edition
Unified Guidebook of Building Permit Regulations, Bahrain
2
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7
1. OVERVIEW
REFERRAL CODES AND STANDARD
NFPA 1, Fire Code
NFPA 5000, Building Construction & Safety Code
NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction
NFPA 150, Standard on Fire and Life safety in Animal facilities
2
NFPA 252, Standard methods of Fire tests of Door Assemblies
NFPA 170, Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols
1
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ICC ANSI A117-2017, Standard for accessible & usable Building &
facilities
8
PART 1:
2
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of
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Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
9
2. THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
EXIT ACCESS
2
1
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EXIT
EXIT DISCHARGE
Image grab from: access-board.gov
10
2. THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
EXIT ACCESS
Is that portion of the means-of-egress system
that leads from any occupied portion in a
building or structure to an exit
2
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11
2. THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
EXIT
Is that portion of the means-of-egress between
the exit access and the exit discharge or the
public way.
2
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12
2. THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
EXIT DISCHARGE
Is that portion of the means-of-egress system
between the termination of an exit and a public
way.
2
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13
PART 1:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
14
3. NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
2
Means of Egress from any balcony, mezzanine, story or
portion thereof shall not be less than 2.
The number of
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15
3. NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
Except under the following conditions:
Occupancy
2
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Assembly
Educational
Merchantile
Business
Factory
Utilities
Maximum Occupant
Load of Space
49 persons
IBC 2018, Table 1006.2.1 Spaces with one exit or exit access doorway
16
3. NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
Except under the following conditions:
Occupancy
2
H4 & H5
Industrial
Residential R-1
Maximum Occupant
Load of Space
10 persons
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IBC 2018, Table 1006.2.1 Spaces with one exit or exit access doorway
17
3. NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
Except under the following conditions:
Occupancy
Maximum Occupant
Load of Space
Residential R-1 – R-4
20 persons
Storage Occupancy
29 persons
2
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H-1, H-2 & H-3
3 persons
IBC 2018, Table 1006.2.1 Spaces with one exit or exit access doorway
18
3. NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISCHARGE
Minimum Number of Exits or Access to Exits per
story
Occupant Load per Story
2
Minimum Number of Exits or
Access to Exits from story
1 -500
2
501-1,000
3
More than 1,000
4
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19
PART 1:
2
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SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
20
4. EXIT DISTANCE
1/2 of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served
In buildings protected throughout by an approved,
supervised automatic sprinkler.
1/3 the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served
2
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Separation of exit or exit access
doorways for a story.
21
4. EXIT DISTANCE
1/2 of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served
In buildings protected throughout by an approved,
supervised automatic sprinkler.
1/3 the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served
2
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Separation of exit or exit access
doorways for a space.
22
4. EXIT DISTANCE
1/2 of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served
In buildings protected throughout by an approved,
supervised automatic sprinkler.
1/3 the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served
2
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Measurement of exit separation when
exits are separated by a 1-hour corridor.
23
4. EXIT DISTANCE
PD 1096 Rule 12, Section 1207c.
2
Arrangement of Exits. If only two (2) exits are required,
they shall be placed a distance apart to not less than
one-fifth (1/5) of the perimeter of the area served
measured in a straight line between exits.
Example:
1
A room of 3.5M x 4M has a perimeter wall of 15M.
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15M / 5 = 3M
24
4. EXIT DISTANCE
PD 1096 Rule 12, Section 1207c.
2
Arrangement of Exits. If only two (2) exits are required,
they shall be placed a distance apart to not less than
one-fifth (1/5) of the perimeter of the area served
measured in a straight line between exits.
Example:
1
A room of 3.5M x 4M has a perimeter wall of 15M.
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5.315M / 2 = 2.66M
3M
Conclusion:
1/5 of Perimeter distance = ½ of the Diagonal Distance
25
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4. EXIT DISTANCE
2
1
26
PART 1:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
27
5.a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
1. Travel distance is essentially the shortest possible path
that an occupant must travel before an exit is reached.
2
2. The concern with travel distance is to ensure that
occupants can reach an exterior door or protected exit
enclosure without having to take an extremely long path
to get there, thus reducing the occupants’ exposure to a
potential hazard.
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28
5.a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
2
the measurement of travel distance within a space must
follow a path that would ordinarily be followed. In most cases,
a space will be filled with furniture, fixtures, and equipment
(FF&E) that would typically require an orthogonal path of
travel through the space to reach the exit or exit access
doorway
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29
5.a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
2
Using a direct path to the doorway would not provide a
realistic path -only in a very few situations would such a path
be acceptable.
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30
5.a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
Travel distance is that length of travel to an
exterior exit door opening
2
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1
2
1. Starting at the most remote point subject to occupancy
2. On the floor or other walking surface
3. Along the centerline of the natural path of travel
4. Around corners and obstructions with a clearance of 305 mm
5. Over open exit access ramps and open exit access stairs in the
plane of tread nosing
6. Ending where the exit begins
3
5
4
6
31
5.a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
Travel distance is that length of travel to an
an enclosed exit stair, an exit passageway,
or a horizontal exit. It includes building to
the nearest exit.
2
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1
2
1. Starting at the most remote point subject to occupancy
2. On the floor or other walking surface
3. Along the centerline of the natural path of travel
4. Around corners and obstructions with a clearance of 305 mm
5. Over open exit access ramps and open exit access stairs in the
plane of tread nosing
6. Ending where the exit begins
3
6
4
32
5.a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
2
The measurement of travel distance along stairs is to be made
in the plane of the tread nosing, not along each riser and
tread or horizontal dimension.
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THE BUILDING
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33
TRAVEL DISTANCE
WITHOUT SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
(millimeter)
WITH SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
(millimeter)
2
Assembly Group A,
Educational Group E,
Factory-1 (Moderate Hazard) Group F,
Mercantile Group M,
Residential Group R,
Storage-1 Group S
60,960
76,200
1
Institutional-1 Group I
76,200
91,400
Business Group (B)
60,960
91,400
Factor-2 (Low-Hazard) Group F,
Storage-2 Group S,
Utilities Group U
91,400
121,920
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OCCUPANCY
34
TRAVEL DISTANCE
WITHOUT SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
(millimeter)
WITH SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
(millimeter)
High Hazard Group H-1
Not Permitted
22,860
High Hazard Group H-2
Not Permitted
30,480
High Hazard Group H-3
Not Permitted
High Hazard Group H-4
Not Permitted
High Hazard Group H-5
Not Permitted
Institutional Group I-2,
Institutional Group I-3
Not Permitted
60,960
Institutional Group I-4
45,720
60,960
OCCUPANCY
2
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45,720
53,340
60,960
35
TRAVEL DISTANCE
OTHER CODES ON TRAVEL DISTANCE
PD 1096 Rule XII, Section 1207
Distance to Exits.
Without Sprinkler: 45.00 Meters (max.)
2
With Sprinkler: 60.00 Meters (Max.)
Acceptable Travel Distance
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Bahrain Building Code
Part Three-General requirements for escape means (emergency
exits) S
Section 4.1.4 Movement distance: 30 m. (Max) without Sprinkler
Section 4.17 Movement distance may be increased by 50% if
automatic sprayers and fire detective systems are available and the
increase should not exceed 25% as for the open areas.
Travel Distance along exit access stairway or ramps
36
PART 1:
2
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MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
37
5.b. COMMON PATH OF TRAVEL DISTANCE
The portion of exit access that must be
traversed before two separate and distinct
paths of travel to two exits are available.
2
Common path of travel is measured in the same
manner as travel distance but terminates at
that point where two separate and distinct
routes become available. Paths that merge are
common paths of travel.
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38
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5.b. COMMON PATH OF TRAVEL DISTANCE
2
1
39
PART 1:
2
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of
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Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
40
5.c. DEAD-END DISTANCE
2
Dead end is similar to a common path of
travel, a dead end can exist where there is
no path of travel from an occupied space
but can also exist where an occupant
enters a corridor thinking there is an exit at
the end and, finding none, is forced to
retrace his or her path to reach a choice of
exits. Part (b) of Figure
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41
5.c. DEAD-END DISTANCE
2
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Examples of common types of dead-end corridors.
42
5.c. DEAD-END DISTANCE
Dead end corridors have been blamed for fire deaths
more correctly attributable to common path of travel
problems. For example, the report on a 1977 Rhode
Island dormitory fire in which 10 people died reads:
2
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“Dead-end corridors approximately 18,592.90 mm long
existed at each end of the dormitory. These dead ends
were allowed by the Rhode Island building code in
effect at the time when the building renovations were
made in 1972. . . . A factor contributing to four of the . . .
deaths and several of the injuries was the long, dead-end
corridor. Residents who left their rooms in this dead
end were . . . [kept from reaching] their only exit.”
43
PART 1:
2
EGRESS
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EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Overview
THREE MAIN EGRESS COMPONENT
NUMBER OF EXIT REQUIRED
EXIT DISTANCE
a. TRAVEL DISTANCE
b. Common Path of Travel Distance
c. Dead-end Distance
d. Horizontal Exit
44
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
IBC 2015 Section 1025.1
A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from a
portion of a building, and where two or more exits are
required, not more than 1/2 of the total number of
exits or total exit width shall be horizontal exits.
2
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Exceptions:
1. Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise two-thirds
of the required exits from any building or floor area for
occupancies in Group I-2.
45
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
IBC 2015 Section 1025.1
A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from a
portion of a building, and where two or more exits are
required, not more than 1/2 of the total number of
exits or total exit width shall be horizontal exits.
2
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Exceptions:
2. Horizontal exits are permitted to comprise 100
percent of the exits required for occupancies in Group I
3. At least 0.6 m2 of accessible space per occupant shall
be provided on each side of the horizontal exit for the
total number of people in adjoining compartments.
46
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
X
2
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X
Example:
A one way to provide the required egress capacity
from the upper floor of a department store building
measuring 107 m x 61 m, with an occupant load of
1166 per floor, would be to furnish eight 1120
X
mm
stairs.
A Fire rated wall & fire rated door assemblies to be introduced
To provide passage from one building area to another building area.
47
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
The building is assumed to be divided into two sections
by a fire barrier meeting the requirements for a horizontal
exit, one 40 m 61 m, and the other 67 m 61 m, with two pairs
of 1170 mm double egress doors, with each door providing
1120 mm of clear egress width.
2
40m x 61m
67m x 61m
Therefore, only two 44 in. (1120 mm) exit
stairs from the smaller section and three 44 in. (1120 mm)
exit stairs from the larger section will be required if the exits
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The smaller section, considered
separately, will require the
equivalent of three 1120 mm
exit stairs,
Therefore, only two 1120 mm exit stairs from the smaller
section
48
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
The building is assumed to be divided into two sections
by a fire barrier meeting the requirements for a horizontal
exit, one 40 m 61 m, and the other 67 m 61 m, with two pairs
of 1170 mm double egress doors, with each door providing
1120 mm of clear egress width.
2
40m x 61m
67m x 61m
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the larger section will require five such exits. The
horizontal exits will serve as one of the three exits
required for the smaller section, and two of the
five exits required for the larger section.
three 1120 mm exit stairs from the larger section will be
required if the exits
49
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
Another option:
Use 2, 1420mm wide exit stairs to reduce total number
of stairways.
2
40m x 61m
67m x 61m
X
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50
5.d. HORIZONTAL EXIT
Another option:
Use 2, 1420mm wide exit stairs to reduce total number
of stairways.
2
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51
TOPIC OUTLINE
PART 2:
2
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THE BUILDING
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1
6. Standard Sizes of Exit Components
a. Doors
b. Stairs
c. Corridors
7. Area of Refuge
52
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
Door Width
2
What does NFPA 101 & IBC
2019 says about the minimum
required width?
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As per RA 9514, Section 10.2.5.2 (E.1)
53
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
Door Width
2
810 mm (minimum)
As per NFPA 101, Section 7.2.1.2.3.2
813 mm (minimum)
As per IBC 2018, Section 1010.1
1
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800 mm (minimum), Saudi building Code
54
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
CAPACITY FACTOR
LEVEL COMPONENTSand RAMPS
(width per person)
Area
2
RA 9514
Board and Care
5.0 mm
Health Care,
Sprinklered
5.0 mm
Health Care, Non
Sprinklered
13.0 mm
High Hazards
10.0 mm
All Others
5.0 mm
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NFPA 101
IBC 2018
5.0 mm
5.1 mm
5.0 mm
13.0 mm
10.0 mm
5.0 mm
5.1 mm
5.1 mm
5.1 mm
5.1 mm
55
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
2
In a space that has an occupancy load of 400 people,
1
For 400 persons, the number of exit required is 2.
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(Occupant load of 50-500 = 2 exits)
56
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
1
Therefore, for each door we need:
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MEANS
In a space that has an occupancy load of 400 people,
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
2
200 persons x 5.00mm/person = 1,00mm.
57
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
TIPS to avoid Exit Door Capacity Mishap
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
“Multiple means of egress shall be sized such that the loss of any one
means of egress shall not reduce the available capacity to less than
50 percent of the required capacity.”
IBC 2018, Section 1005.5
58
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Sample Problem:
● DOORS
1270mm
1270mm
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1540 mm
1020 mm
1020 mm
1020 mm
1829 mm
915 mm
✓
For an occupant load of 400, you will require 2 exit doors, then
each must have a sufficient width to accommodate an
occupant load of 200 (50% of 400).
✓
Computation:
✓
Therefore, the minimum required for each door should not be
less than 1,020mm.
X
200 x 5.10 = 1,020mm (minimum width).
59
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Door Leaf Swing Direction
● DOORS
The image on the left illustrates considerations involved in
evaluating door leaf swing.
2
1. Where serving a room or area with an occupant load of 50
or more.
1
1. Where the door assembly is used in an exit enclosure,
unless the door opening serves an individual living units the
opens directly into an exit enclosure
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1. Where the door opening serves a high hazard contents
area.
60
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Door Leaf Swing Direction
● DOORS
Door leaves shall swing in the direction of egress travel under
any of the following conditions:
Door Assembly C:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Is permitted to swing back into the room if the room has an
occupant load of fewer than 50 persons and does not have
high-hazard content.
61
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Door Leaf Swing Direction
● DOORS
Door leaves shall swing in the direction of egress travel under
any of the following conditions:
Door Assembly D:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Must swing in the direction of Egress Travel if the room has an
occupant load of more than 50 persons and does not have
high-hazard content.
62
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Door Leaf Swing Direction
● DOORS
Door leaves shall swing in the direction of egress travel under
any of the following conditions:
Door Assembly E:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Although it is an exit door assembly, it is not used in an exit
enclosure, so its door leaf is permitted to swing back into the
room if the room has an occupant load of fewer than 50 and
the room does not have high-hazard contents.
63
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Door Leaf Swing Direction
● DOORS
Door leaves shall swing in the direction of egress travel under
any of the following conditions:
Door Assembly A & B:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Door Assembly A & B are related to the provisions of Door Leaf
encroachment as per NFPA 101. They open into the corridor
directly opposite each other. Although this does not violate
any Code provision, it is preferable that door leaves do not
swing in a direction that blocks the use of the corridor when
both are open.
64
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
Sample Problem:
● DOORS
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Revolving Doors
1. A revolving door shall not be used in a means of egress for
an exit from the floor of discharge directly to the outside
except where specifically permitted in other Divisions of
this Chapter. It shall not be used at the foot or top of stairs
at the floor of discharge. Where permitted, the revolving
door or doors shall be given a credit of only fifty percent
(50%) of the required capacity of exit except as provided in
para K.2 hereof. Such revolving doors shall be of approved
type.
65
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 101
Revolving door assemblies, whether used or not
used in the means of egress, shall comply with the following:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
(1) Revolving door wings shall be capable of being collapsed
into a book-fold position, unless they are existing revolving
doors approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
(2) When revolving door wings are collapsed into the bookfold position, the parallel egress paths formed shall provide an
aggregate width of 36 in. (915 mm), unless they are approved
existing revolving door assemblies.
66
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● DOORS
REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 101
Revolving door assemblies, whether used or not
used in the means of egress, shall comply with the following:
2
1
(3) Revolving door assemblies shall not be used within 10 ft
(3050 mm) of the foot or the top of stairs or escalators.
(4) A dispersal area acceptable to the authority having
jurisdiction shall be located between stairs or escalators
and the revolving door assembly.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
(5) The revolutions per minute (rpm) of revolving door wings
shall not exceed the values in Table 7.2.1.10.1.
67
TOPIC OUTLINE
PART 2:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
6. Standard Sizes of Exit Components
a. Doors
b. Stairs
c. Corridors
7. Area of Refuge
68
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Stair Width
As per IBC 2018, Section 1011.1
915 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of less than 50.
2
1118 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of more than 50.
1
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
What does NFPA 101 & IBC 2019 says required
the minimum required width?
VERY IMPORTANT NOTE/ CAVEAT : THIS IMAGE OF AR. REGALADO G. JASMN INTERPRETATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
AND/OR RELATED LAW/S IS FOR GENERAL REFERENCE ONLY. THE DRAWING (OR A REASONABLE FACSIMILE THEREOF) WAS REVIEWED FOR THE
DPWH IN AUGUST 2015. IF THE INTERPRETATION SHOWN IS APPLIED TO ACTUAL SITUATIONS, THE CONCERNED/ COMMISSIONED
PROFESSIONAL (WHO MUST BE DULY REGISTERED AND LICENSED BY THE PRC FOR THE PRACTICE OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT OR
TECHNOLOGICAL PROFESSION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL AND/OR BY THE DTI CIAP PCAB FOR CONSTRUCTION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL) SOLELY ASSUME/S
THE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THEIR OWN INTERPRETATION (WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE
BASED ON THE AAIF INTERPRETATION) AND FOR THE SERVICE RENDERED/ RESULTANT WORK. FOR COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, PERCEIVED
ERRORS, ETC. PLEASE EMAIL architecture.advocacy@gmail.com. THANK YOU.
69
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Stair Width
As per SBC 2018, Section 1011.1
900 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of less than 50.
2
1100 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of more than 50.
1
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
What does NFPA 101 & IBC 2019 says required
the minimum required width?
VERY IMPORTANT NOTE/ CAVEAT : THIS IMAGE OF AR. REGALADO G. JASMN INTERPRETATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
AND/OR RELATED LAW/S IS FOR GENERAL REFERENCE ONLY. THE DRAWING (OR A REASONABLE FACSIMILE THEREOF) WAS REVIEWED FOR THE
DPWH IN AUGUST 2015. IF THE INTERPRETATION SHOWN IS APPLIED TO ACTUAL SITUATIONS, THE CONCERNED/ COMMISSIONED
PROFESSIONAL (WHO MUST BE DULY REGISTERED AND LICENSED BY THE PRC FOR THE PRACTICE OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT OR
TECHNOLOGICAL PROFESSION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL AND/OR BY THE DTI CIAP PCAB FOR CONSTRUCTION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL) SOLELY ASSUME/S
THE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THEIR OWN INTERPRETATION (WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE
BASED ON THE AAIF INTERPRETATION) AND FOR THE SERVICE RENDERED/ RESULTANT WORK. FOR COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, PERCEIVED
ERRORS, ETC. PLEASE EMAIL architecture.advocacy@gmail.com. THANK YOU.
70
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Stair Width
As per NFPA 101-2018, Section 1011.1
915 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of less than 50.
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1120 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of more than 50 and should
comply with the requirements of the table below.
Total Cumulative
Occupant Load
Assigned to the Stair
NFPA 101, Table
7.2.2.2.1.2(B)
RA 9514,
Table 4
<2000
1120MM
1120MM
>2000
1420MM
1420MM
VERY IMPORTANT NOTE/ CAVEAT : THIS IMAGE OF AR. REGALADO G. JASMN INTERPRETATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
AND/OR RELATED LAW/S IS FOR GENERAL REFERENCE ONLY. THE DRAWING (OR A REASONABLE FACSIMILE THEREOF) WAS REVIEWED FOR THE
DPWH IN AUGUST 2015. IF THE INTERPRETATION SHOWN IS APPLIED TO ACTUAL SITUATIONS, THE CONCERNED/ COMMISSIONED
PROFESSIONAL (WHO MUST BE DULY REGISTERED AND LICENSED BY THE PRC FOR THE PRACTICE OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT OR
TECHNOLOGICAL PROFESSION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL AND/OR BY THE DTI CIAP PCAB FOR CONSTRUCTION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL) SOLELY ASSUME/S
THE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THEIR OWN INTERPRETATION (WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE
BASED ON THE AAIF INTERPRETATION) AND FOR THE SERVICE RENDERED/ RESULTANT WORK. FOR COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, PERCEIVED
ERRORS, ETC. PLEASE EMAIL architecture.advocacy@gmail.com. THANK YOU.
71
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Stair Width
As per RA 9514-2019, Section 10.2.5.4
915 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of less than 50.
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
1120 mm (minimum)
for an area serving an occupant load of more than 50 and should
comply with the requirements of the table below.
Total Cumulative
Occupant Load
Assigned to the Stair
NFPA 101, Table
7.2.2.2.1.2(B)
RA 9514,
Table 4
<2000
1120MM
1120MM
>2000
1420MM
1420MM
VERY IMPORTANT NOTE/ CAVEAT : THIS IMAGE OF AR. REGALADO G. JASMN INTERPRETATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE
AND/OR RELATED LAW/S IS FOR GENERAL REFERENCE ONLY. THE DRAWING (OR A REASONABLE FACSIMILE THEREOF) WAS REVIEWED FOR THE
DPWH IN AUGUST 2015. IF THE INTERPRETATION SHOWN IS APPLIED TO ACTUAL SITUATIONS, THE CONCERNED/ COMMISSIONED
PROFESSIONAL (WHO MUST BE DULY REGISTERED AND LICENSED BY THE PRC FOR THE PRACTICE OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT OR
TECHNOLOGICAL PROFESSION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL AND/OR BY THE DTI CIAP PCAB FOR CONSTRUCTION ON PHILIPPINE SOIL) SOLELY ASSUME/S
THE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THEIR OWN INTERPRETATION (WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT BE
BASED ON THE AAIF INTERPRETATION) AND FOR THE SERVICE RENDERED/ RESULTANT WORK. FOR COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, PERCEIVED
ERRORS, ETC. PLEASE EMAIL architecture.advocacy@gmail.com. THANK YOU.
72
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Winder Stair
RA 9514 -2019
Section 10.2.5.4.E
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Winders shall be permitted in stairs, provided
that the same shall have a tread depth of not
less than one hundred fifty millimeters (150 mm)
and a tread depth of not less than two hundred
eighty millimeters (280 mm) at a point three
hundred five millimeters (305 mm) from the
narrowest edge.
73
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Winder Stair
280MM
150MM
RA 9514 -2019
Section 10.2.5.4.E
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
150MM
1
280MM
WALKLINE
Winders shall be permitted in stairs, provided
that the same shall have a tread depth of not
less than one hundred fifty millimeters (150 mm)
and a tread depth of not less than two hundred
eighty millimeters (280 mm) at a point three
hundred five millimeters (305 mm) from the
narrowest edge.
305MM
74
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Winder Stair
280MM
150MM
RA 9514 -2019
Section 10.2.5.4.E
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
150MM
1
280MM
WALKLINE
Winders shall be permitted in stairs, provided
that the same shall have a tread depth of not
less than one hundred fifty millimeters (150 mm)
and a tread depth of not less than two hundred
eighty millimeters (280 mm) at a point three
hundred five millimeters (305 mm) from the
narrowest edge.
305MM
75
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Winder Stair
280MM
150MM
RA 9514 -2019
Section 10.2.5.4.E
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
150MM
1
280MM
WALKLINE
Winders shall be permitted in stairs, provided
that the same shall have a tread depth of not
less than one hundred fifty millimeters (150 mm)
and a tread depth of not less than two hundred
eighty millimeters (280 mm) at a point three
hundred five millimeters (305 mm) from the
narrowest edge.
305MM
76
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
The walkline is the line of travel used to provide
for uniform layout of the tread depths in the
design and regulations of flights with the winder
treads.
2
WALKLINE
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Walkline
The walkline shall be parallel to the side of the
flight where the tread are narrowest and located
305mm from the point of minimum tread depth
used for placement of the foot on the flight in
ascent or descent.
77
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Curved Stair
NFPA 101-2019
Section 7.2.2.2.2.1
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
New curved stairs shall be permitted as a
component in a means of egress, provided that
the depth of tread is not less than 11 in. (280 mm)
at a point 12 in. (305 mm) from the narrower end
of the tread and the smallest radius is not less
than twice the stair width.
78
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Curved Stair
RA 9514 -2019
Section 10.2.5.4.C
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
New curved stairs shall be permitted as a
component in a means of egress, provided that
the depth of tread is not less than 11 in. (280 mm)
at a point 12 in. (305 mm) from the narrower end
of the tread and the smallest radius is not less
than twice the stair width.
79
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Curved Stair
IBC-2018
Section 10.2.5.4.C
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
New curved stairs shall be permitted as a
component in a means of egress, provided that
the depth of tread is not less than 11 in. (280 mm)
at a point 12 in. (305 mm) from the narrower end
of the tread and the smallest radius is not less
than twice the stair width.
80
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Spiral Stair
NFPA 101, Section 7.2.2.2.3.1
Spiral stairs shall be permitted, provided that the
following criteria are met:
1
(2) tread depth = 280 mm for a portion of the
stairway width sufficient to provide egress
capacity for the occupant load served in
accordance with 7.3.3.1.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
(1) Riser heights = 180 mm
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
2
(3) At the outer side of the stairway, an
additional 265 mm of width shall be provided
clear to the other handrail, and this width shall
not be included as part of the required egress
capacity.
81
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Spiral Stair
NFPA 101, Section 7.2.2.2.3.1
(4) Handrails complying with 7.2.2.4 shall be
provided on both sides of the spiral stairway.
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
(5) The inner handrail shall be located within 610
mm, measured horizontally, of the point where
a tread depth of not less than 11 in. (280 mm) is
provided.
(6) The turn of the stairway shall be such that
the outer handrail is at the right side of
descending users.
82
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Spiral Stair
NFPA 101, Section 7.2.2.2.3.1
2
190 mm
Where the occupant load served does not exceed
three, spiral stairs shall be permitted, provided that
the following
criteria are met:
(1) The clear width of the stairs shall be not less than
660 mm.
1
305 mm
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
(2) The height of risers = 240 mm. (Max.)
660 mm
(3) The headroom shall = 1980 mm. (Minimum)
83
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Spiral Stair
NFPA 101, Section 7.2.2.2.3.1
2
190 mm
Where the occupant load served does not exceed
three, spiral stairs shall be permitted, provided that
the following
criteria are met:
(4) Treads depth =190 mm at a point 305 mm from
the narrower edge.
1
305 mm
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
(5) All treads shall be identical.
660 mm
(6) Handrails shall be provided on both sides of the
stairway.
84
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
2
1
85
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
305mm
2
1 tread depth
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
865mm~ 965mm
Handrail
86
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● STAIRWAYS
Guard
Handraiil
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
Guard
87
TOPIC OUTLINE
PART 2:
2
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
6. Standard Sizes of Exit Components
a. Doors
b. Stairs
c. Corridors
7. Area of Refuge
88
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Corridor Width
IBC 2018, Table 1020.2
Group I-2 in areas where required for bed movement
2
2,438.4 mm (minimum)
2,438.4 mm (minimum)
1,829 mm (minimum)
1
In corridors and areas serving stretcher traffic in
ambulatory care facilities
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1,829 mm (minimum)
89
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Corridor Width
IBC 2018, Table 1020.2
Access to and utilization of mechanical, plumbing or
electrical systems or equipment
2
609.60 mm (minimum)
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
90
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Corridor Width
IBC 2018, Table 1020.2
Within a dwelling unit
2
914 mm (minimum)
1
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
Within an occupant load of less than 50
914 mm (minimum)
91
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Corridor Width
IBC 2018, Table 1020.2
Any facility not included in the preceeding slides
2
1,118 mm (minimum)
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
92
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
L1 = Required Width based on default width required by the IBC (See
Table 10.6-1 in Step 10) or width determined by calculation based on
occupant load, whichever is larger.
2
L2 = Minimum width between door swing and building element.
L3 = Minimum width required to ensure that egress path is not
reduced by more than 50% by door swing.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
L4 = 7 inches maximum if within required width L2.
93
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
2
Door leaves that swing within a recessed pocket of
The corridor, so as not to protrude into the required
corridor width, provide the best arrangement for
clear passage through an exit access corridor.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
94
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
2
Door leaves that swing 180 degrees so that they
come to rest against a wall and do not extend into
more than 180 mm of required corridor width provide
an acceptable arrangement.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
95
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
2
A door leaf that swings 90 degrees so that it comes
to rest in the path of travel is considered not to
encroach excessively on the exit access corridor
width if not more than 180 mm of the required width
of the corridor remains obstructed.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
96
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
2
Additionally, any door leaf swinging into the corridor
must leave at least 1/2 of the required corridor width
unobstructed during its entire swing.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
97
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
The Code does permit encroachment on the stair landing.
2
For most stairs, 1120 mm clear width. In cases such as
these, the B = ≥ A/2 rule requires that the clearance
between the leading edge of the opening door leaf and
stair newel post be at least 560 mm.
EGRESS
SIZING
EGRESS OF
MEANS
of
Concept
Basic
CODE
THE BUILDING
APPLYING
1
98
6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
The Code does permit encroachment on the stair landing.
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However, where the total occupant load of all floors
served by the stair is fewer than 50 persons, the code
permits a 915 mm wide stair; in this case, the B = ≥ A/2
rule requires that the clearance between the leading
edge of the opening door leaf and stair newel post be at
least 455 mm.
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6. STANDARD SIZES OF EXIT COMPONENTS
● CORRIDORS
Door encroachment into the required egress width.
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An acceptable arrangement for a door leaf opening onto
a stair landing in an existing building. In lieu of a B = ≥ A/2
rule, existing stairs are not required to maintain a
specified clearance between the leading edge of the
opening door leaf and stair newel post. However, the
maximum 180 mm encroachment when the door leaf is
fully open still applies.
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TOPIC OUTLINE
PART 2:
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6. Standard Sizes of Exit Components
a. Doors
b. Stairs
c. Corridors
7. Area of Refuge
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7. AREA OF REFUGE
Areas of refuge are fire-resistance rated and smoke
protected areas where those unable to use stairs can
register a call for evacuation assistance and await
instructions or assistance.
They must provide direct access to an exit stairway (or to
an elevator equipped with standby power). Horizontal
exits can substitute for areas of refuge.
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Image grab from: access-board.gov
The code requires 1 wheelchair space for every 200 occupants with
Wheel chair size 762 x 1219.2 .
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THANK YOU
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