Social Development from
Infancy-Adolescence
Social Development in
Infancy
The First Emotional
Relationships:Infants share
this emotional bond to their
caregivers around 7-9
months . The fact they get
upset when seperated from
their primary caregiver
proves this universal
attachment.
Change in Nature of
Communication - infants look
up to their caregiver for
guidance on how they should
act and or feel when
introduced to something
unfamiliar and or an object.
A Sense of Self:recognition
of ones self, emergence of
self- conscious emotions,..
Developing Trust and
Autonomy: Infants go
through Erikson's stage of
trust v. Mistrust; either their
needs are consistently met
and they develop a sense of
trust in their caretakers, or
their needs are not met and
they develop mistrust
towards their
caretakers.They will also go
through the stage of
autonomy v. shame. If they
are in a safe environment
where they can test their
limits and explore, they will
decelop confidence and self
esteem. If not, due to
over-controlling parents, they
may develop a sense of
incompetence.
Autonomy vs Sense
of shame and doubt
1-3yrs)
Social Development in Early
Childhood
Social Development in
Middle Childhood
Social Development in
Adolence
-Friendhships: need
reciprocity, commitment, and
equality;
Developing Prosocial Behaviors:
-Voluntary action intended to benefit
others
-includes sharing, helping, caregiving, and
showing compassion.
-Empathy and sympathy correspond to pro
social behavior in a way anger responds
to aggression.
Peer Relationships:
-When a group forms, a social
structure emerges
- structures are described as:
1.Dominance hierarchies
2. Relative popularity 3. Popularity
statuses
Popularity statuses
Relationships with Peers:
-Friendships
-Social Media:
-Peer Group Life and Culture
-Romantic Relationships
Popular children, rejected
children, neglected children,
and controversial children.
Social Media: active involvement
may increase feelings of social
connection and intimacy
-Peer Group Life and
Culture: Cliques and Crowds
EMPATHY
-the foundation of prosocial behavior
-develops in 4 stages linked to piagets
cognitive development theories.
-Becomes sympathy or personal distress.
-Sympathy: feeling
sorrow/concern for others
-Personal Distress: self focused
emotional reactions to the distress of
others
-Emotional Regulation: sympathy
results from optimal level of
emotional arousal
industry vs
inferiority
(6-11yrs)
initiative vs
guilt
Friendship: special relationship
-important to well being
-important to social development
-precursor to later development of
interpersonal intimacy
The Influence of Parents:
1. Changing interactions
- social reorientation
-coregulation begins
2. Despite change
-parents continue to be important and
influential
Romantic Relationships:
central to sense of
belonging and group
status
Relationships with Parents:
-Parent Conflicts
-Attachment and Adjustment
Attachment and
Adjustment: those w/ secure
attachments are more likely to
ask for help when in academic
trouble and more involved in
sports; those w/o are more likely
to experience depression,
anxiety, drinking problems
Parent Conflicts: Control vs
Autonomy; cultural differences
in where boundaries are drawn