Honors Biology Cell Division Unit Test Study Questions Mitosis 1. What is the function of the Cell Cycle? 2. Why are cells limited in size? How do limits on the size of cells influence cell division? 3. Draw the stages of the cell cycle and write what happens at each stage. 4. What is the end product of DNA replication? In which cell cycle stage is DNA replicated? 5. Draw the 4 phases of Mitosis and describe what happens at each phase. 6. Why is the Cell Cycle Regulated? 7. What is Cancer? What are the causes of Cancer? 8. Why do the chromosomes condense into rod-like structures during cell division? 9. Explain the difference between homologous chromosomes & sister chromatids. 10. At which point does a cell have double its normal number of chromosomes? What is the purpose of this? 11. In organisms that reproduce sexually, why do chromosomes come in pairs? 12. Differentiate between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. Meiosis 1. Why do organisms reproduce? 2. Explain how asexual and sexual reproduction differ. 3. What is the purpose of sexual reproduction? 4. How does sexual reproduction contribute to how organisms evolve over time? 5. Describe how diploid and haploid cells differ from another. 6. List and describe the reasons why meiosis is an important process. 7. Why is it necessary for gametes to have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells? 8. At which phase in meiosis does a cell first become haploid? Explain. 9. What are three differences between mitosis and meiosis? Haploid vs. Diploid 1. Which type of cell are gametes? 2. Which type of cell contains two sets of chromosomes? 3. Which type of cell contains one set of chromosomes? 4. Which type of cell contains 23 chromosomes in humans? 5. Which type of cell contains homologous chromosomes? 6. Which type of cell contains a 2n number of chromosomes? 7. Which type of cell contains a 1n number of chromosomes? 8. Which type of cell is produced during mitosis? 9. Which type of cell is produced during meiosis? 10. Which type of cell are somatic cells? 11. Which type of cell does meiosis start with? 12. Which type of cell does mitosis start with? 13. Which type of cell is produced in meiosis 1? 14. Which type of cell is produced in meiosis 2? 15. Which type of cell contains two of each chromosome type? 16. Which type of cell contains one of each chromosome type? Chromosome Numbers 1. How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell? 2. How many chromosomes are in a human gamete? 3. How many different types of chromosomes are in each human cell? 4. How many chromosomes are in each set of a human? 5. How many sets of chromosomes does a human zygote contain? 6. How many total chromosomes does a human zygote contain? 7. Why do gametes contain half the number of chromosomes as other cells? 8. If a diploid cell contains 50 chromosomes, how many pairs of homologous chromosomes are there? 9. If a haploid cell contains 50 chromosomes, how many pairs of homologous chromosomes are there? 10. If a cell contains 20 different types of chromosomes, how many total chromosomes are in the somatic cells? 11. If a cell contains 20 different types of chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in the gametes? 12. A haploid cell contains 40 total chromosomes. How many different types are there in the somatic cells? 13. A haploid cell contains 40 total chromosomes. How many different types are in the gametes? Stages of Meiosis 1. When does crossing-over occur? 2. When do homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell? 3. When do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? 4. When does the nuclear membrane disappear? 5. When does the nuclear membrane re-appear? 6. When are 2 daughter cells formed? 7. When do spindle fibers break down? 8. When do sister chromatids separate? 9. When do homologous chromosomes pair up and line up in the middle of the cell? 10. When are 4 daughter cells formed? 11. When do haploid cells first form? 12. Which stage is responsible for producing variation? 13. When do centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell? 14. When do centromeres break down? Karyotype/Nondisjunction/Chromosomal abnormalities 1. What is a karyotype and what can they be used for? 2. What is monosomy? 3. What does trisomy mean? 4. Describe the process that can lead to the formation of a gamete with abnormal chromosomal count.
