An Overview Of Public Health
Administration
Prepared by : Soha Mamdouh
:Nermine Gamal
: Reham Abo Elsaud
Under supervision : Prof/ Dr / Nagat
Objectives

Describe meaning of public health and population health

Discuss history of public health

List Principles for public health administration

Indentify public health functions and essential services

Describe core competencies for public health managers and
leaders

Integrate the roles and responsibilities of public health
administrators
Out lines

Introduction

Definition of public health and population health

Define key terms used in public health

History of public health

Principles for public health administration

Public health functions and essential services

Core competencies for public health managers and leaders

Roles and responsibilities of public health administrators
Introduction
 From
the beginning of public health
activities in ancient time there has been need
for organization and management .
 Coordination
of effort to accomplish goals
necessities certain skills and abilities .

Professionals in public health administration work to
improve the welfare of the community at large, serving as
leaders of public sector and nonprofit organizations that
provide health services and disseminate information about
health and wellness. Public health administrators possess
the expertise and insight necessary to manage the people,
finances, and information that support public health
programs and initiatives
Definitions

Public health :- is “the science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized
efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public
and private communities, and individuals. (CEA Winslow )

Public health administration is the component of the field
of public health that concentrates on management of people
and programs.
What is a population health

A comprehensive way of thinking about the current and
future scope of public health

It utilizes an evidence based approach to analyze the
determinants of health and disease, along with options
for intervention and prevention to preserve and improve
health
 key
terms used in public health

Clinical care: prevention, treatment, and management of
illness and preservation of mental and physical well-being
through services offered by medical and allied health
professions; also known as health care .

Health outcome: result of a medical condition that directly
affects the length or quality of a person’s life.

Intervention : action or ministration that produces an effect
or is intended to alter the course of a pathologic process.

epidemic: occurrence in a community or region of cases of
an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
related event clearly in excess of normal expectancy. Both
terms are used interchangeably; however, epidemic usually
refers to a larger geographic distribution of illness or healthrelated events.

determinant: factor that contributes to the generation of a
trait.

pandemic: denoting a disease affecting or attacking the
population of an extensive region, country, or continent.

population health: approach to health that aims to
improve the health of an entire population.

prevention: action so as to avoid, forestall, or circumvent a
happening, conclusion, or phenomenon (e.g., disease).
 History
of public health
Sanitation and Environmental Health
500 Before Common Era
Greeks and Romans practice community sanitation measures
1840s
The Public Health Act of 1848 was established in the United
Kingdom
1970
The Environmental Protection Agency was founded

Pandemics
Influenza
500 million infected worldwide in 1918
Polio
Vaccine introduced in 1955; eradication initiative launched in 1988
HIV
34 million living with HIV worldwide; 20% decline in new
infections since 2001

Preparedness for Disaster Response
Biologic Warfare
Plague used as a weapon of war during the Siege of Jaffa
September 2001
Public health surveillance conducted after the 9/11 attacks
Hurricane Katrina
Emergency services , public health surveillance, and disease
treatment provided
Prevention Through Policy
Book of Leviticus
The world’s first written health code
Tobacco Laws
Laws banning smoking in public places
Obesity
food labeling and promotion of physical activity
Principles for public health administration

There should be a sound national health policy.

Sound administrative structure is required to implement
the policy.

Systematic planning of the health programs.

Integration of preventive and curative services.

Centralized directions and decentralized actions.

Health services must be irrespective of purchasing power
of people.

Health programs must be based on priority.
CONT..

Provide primary health care which is accessible,
acceptable and affordable.

Community participation is necessary.

Health education must be an integral part of health
services.

Doctors must be trained for social physicians.
CONT..

Community oriented training programs for the
paramedical staffs.

Promote self help programs.

Proper facilities and desirable working conditions for the
health personnel.

Provision of staff development programs.

Periodical evaluation of health programs.
A Public Health Approach
Cont,d

Define the health problem.

Identify risk factors associated with the problem.

Develop and test community-level interventions to control
or prevent the cause or the problem.

Implement interventions to improve the health of the
population.

Monitor those interventions to assess their effectiveness.
Core Functions and Essential Services of
Public Health
Three Core Functions of Public Health

Assessment
Systematically collect, analyze, and make available information
on healthy communities

Policy Development
Promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy and
decision making

Assurance
Ensure provision of services to those in need
Core public health functions:-
Ten Essential Public Health Services
 The
10 Essential Public Health Services
provide a framework for public health to
protect and promote the health of all people
in all communities.
1.
Monitor Health Status to Identify and Solve Community
Health Problems
A critical component necessary for all public health services is data.
Without it, communities don't know what is needed, where
priorities should lie, or how to allocate resources effectively.
2.
Diagnose and Investigate Health Problems and Health
Hazards in the Community
Epidemiologists collect and analyze data to figure out how diseases or
health conditions are distributed in a given population, what key
factors those cases have in common, and — most importantly —
how that information could be applied to prevent future cases.
3.
Inform, Educate, and Empower People About Health Issues
Once public health professionals know what's going on, who it's
impacting, and — if possible — how to prevent it, they then
spread the word to the population at large.
4.
Mobilize Community Partnerships and Action to Identify
and Solve Health Problems
Rarely is disease prevention and health promotion done by a single
entity in a vacuum. Public health relies on the cooperation and
support of a wide variety of stakeholders to investigate, resolve,
and prevent health issues.
5. Develop Policies and Plans that Support Individual
and Community Health Efforts
Some of the greatest public health achievements of the past
century were not actually due to one-on-one education or
small, local efforts.
They were a result of policy changes. Workplace safety
guidelines, seat belt laws
for example, all led to significant improvements to our
health and safety.
6. Enforce Laws and Regulations that Protect
Health and Ensure Safety
Inspections of manufacturing facilities by the Food
and Drug Administration help minimize the risk
that medical products become contaminated.
Policies can lead to population-level health
improvements, but only if they are enforced.
7. Link People to Needed Personal Health Services
Whether or not you are able to see a doctor when you need to can
vary based on a wide range of factors, including your age,
location, financial situation, health condition, and employment
status
Public health agencies help ensure some of the most vulnerable
populations in a community are able to access health care
8. Assure Competent Public and Personal Health Care
Workforce
Medicine is always changing to adapt to the latest research and
available technologies. That's why medical professionals are
required to take classes to stay up-to-date.
9. Research for New Insights and Innovative Solutions to
Health Problems
One of the most important ways public health works to protect
the health and safety of a community is through asking
questions, gathering data, and finding new and better ways
to solve problems
10. Evaluate Effectiveness, Accessibility, and Quality of Health
Services
Health initiatives are under near-constant monitoring and
evaluation to verify they actually work, and programs that
require funding are also assessed to ensure that resources are
being used efficiently and effectively
for example, can help estimate the cost-effectiveness of a given
policy change. Epidemiologists look at disease trends among
participants of a particular health initiative to see if they've
improved. Biostatisticians analyze data from surveys and
medical records
Core competencies for public :health
managers and leaders

D. Health Policy and Management| Health policy
and management is a multidisciplinary field of
inquiry and practice concerned with the delivery,
quality, and costs of health care for individuals and
populations. This definition assumes both ą
managerial and a policy concern with the structure,
process, and outcomes of health services including
the costs, financing, organization, outcomes, and
accessibility of care.
Competencies:

Upon graduation, a student with an MPH should be able to..D.

identify the main components and issues of the organization,
financing, and delivery of health services and public health
systems in the United States.

Describe the legal and ethical bases for public health and health
services.

Explain methods of ensuring community health safety and
preparedness.

Discuss the policy process for improving the health status of
populations.

Apply the principles of program planning, development,
budgeting, management, and evaluation in organizational and
community initiatives.

Apply principles of strategic planning and marketing to public
health.
Cont..

Apply quality and performance improvement concepts to
address organizational performance Issues.

Apply "systems thinking" for resolving organizational
problems.

Communicate health policy and management issues
using appropriate channels and technologies.

Demonstrate leadership skills for building partnerships
H. Leadership

The ability to create and communicate a
shared vision for a changing future, champion
solutions to organizational and community
challenges, and energize commitment to goals
Competencies:
Upon graduation, it is increasingly important that a student with an
MPH be able to.

Describe the attributes of leadership in public health.

Describe alternative strategies for collaboration and partnership
among organizations, focused on public health goals.

Articulate an achievable mission, set of core values, and vision.

Engage in dialogue and learning from others to advance public health
goals
Cont..

Demonstrate team building, negotiation and conflict management
skills'

Demonstrate transparency, integrity, and honesty in all actions.

Use collaborative methods for achieving organizational and
community health goals.

Apply social justice and human rights principles when addressing
community needs.

Develop strategies to motivate others for collaborative problem
solving, decision making, and evaluation.
Roles and responsibilities of public health
administrators
1.
Planning: is process to put goals ,establishing
priorities , identify and sequencing action to achieve
goals.
2.
Organizing: involve establishing a structure or set of
relationship so plan can be implemented and goals
achieve .
3.
Staffing: is the assignment of personnel to specific
roles or function so the organization work as
designed .
CONT..
4.
Directing: involves making decisions and
communication them so they can be implemented.
5.
Coordinating: is the task of assuring effective
interrelationship.
6.
Reporting: is transfer information and assurance of
accountability.
7.
Budgeting: is financial planning ,accounting ,and
control .
Reverences



By Robyn Correll, MPH Medically reviewed by Anju
Goel, MD, MPH Updated on July 10, 2020
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. National
health expenditure projections: 2008–2018.
http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data
Institute of Medicine. For the public’s health: investing in
a healthier future. Washington, DC: National Academies
Press; 2012