Body Paragraph Follow this organization 1. Topic Sentence 2. Transitional Phrase 3. Introduce the evidence 4. Quote/Paraphrase or Summarize the evidence 5. Cite it 6. Explain the evidence 7. Repeat steps 2-6 8. Transitional phrase 9. Closing sentence Topic Sentences Paragraphs need to have topic sentences. It is a way of organizing and expressing the main idea of the paragraph! • • • • It answers questions like why, how, or where. It has supporting sentences or relevant details. It can prove, explain, or describe something. It should re-word the prompt or question! Example: Does the individual have the freewill to determine their fate? The individual does not have the freewill to control their own fate when they are born into genetic addiction. Notice there is no “I believe” or “I think” Transitions After your topic sentence • You want to lead the reader into your evidence. Using a transitional phrase makes your writing flow! Click Me Common Transitional Phrases ● ● ● ● ● An illustration of this For instance This can be shown For example To prove this point QUOTE IT! • A quotation should NEVER stand alone. • You should NEVER begin a sentence with a quote. • You should ALWAYS explain your quote after you properly cite it. Always ICE Always ICEit!It Remember the acronym ICE to help you properly and effectively include quotes in your writing. ▪ Introduce ▪ Cite ▪ Explain INTRODUCE THE QUOTE Introducing a Quote • To demonstrate how to introduce a quote, we use will a statistic from the American Addiction Center website. “ The National Association for Children of Alcoholics writes that those who grow up under drunk parents are four times more likely to develop alcoholism in their own adult lives than kids who grew up in better conditions (Children of Alcoholics). Introduce Your Quote • There are four different ways to properly and effectively introduce quotations into your writing, but we will only focus on two: 1. with a complete sentence 2. with an explanatory phrase “ Introducing Quotes 1. Introduce your quote with a complete sentence • Write a complete sentences that describes what your quote is describing • You must punctuate with a colon : “ Introducing Quotes EXAMPLE Alcoholism has many victims but perhaps the most defenseless of them are the children of alcoholics: The National Association for Children of Alcoholics writes that those who grow up under drunk parents are four times more likely to develop alcoholism in their own adult lives than kids who grew up in better conditions (Children of Alcoholics). “ Introducing Quotes EXAMPLE Alcoholism has many victims, but perhaps the most defenseless of them are the children of alcoholics: The National Association for Children of Alcoholics writes that those who grow up under drunk parents are four times more likely to develop alcoholism in their own adult lives than kids who grew up in better conditions (Children of Alcoholics). “ Introducing Quotes 2. Introduce your quote with an explanatory phrase • Use a phrase that explains where you got the quote from. • You must punctuate with a comma , “ Introducing Quotes EXAMPLE Further research from the National Human Genome Research Institute clarifies, “ ... how most medical conditions (such as alcoholism) have a genetic component to them, meaning that the biological child of an alcoholic parent grows up with a hereditary risk for developing that same condition (Children of Alcoholics). “ Introducing Quotes EXAMPLE Further research from the National Human Genome Research Institute states, “ ... how most medical conditions (such as alcoholism) have a genetic component to them, meaning that the biological child of an alcoholic parent grows up with a hereditary risk for developing that same condition (Children of Alcoholics). Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here Type Here “ Introducing Quotes EXAMPLE Further research from the National Human Genome Research Institute clarifies, “ ... how most medical conditions (such as alcoholism) have a genetic component to them, meaning that the biological child of an alcoholic parent grows up with a hereditary risk for developing that same condition (Children of Alcoholics). EXPLAIN THE QUOTE Explain the Quote • After your introduce and cite the quote, you still need to explain the quote and how it relates to your topic sentence. Aim for at least two sentences • There are many ways to explain quotes: • Explain why it is important and relevant • Make sure the evidence supports your topic sentence “ Explain the Quote Here are some sentence starters to help you explain your quote. • This proves that… • This illustrates… • This shows that… • This highlights the fact Example Further research from the National Human Genome Research Institute clarifies, “ ... how most medical conditions (such as alcoholism) have a genetic component to them, meaning that the biological child of an alcoholic parent grows up with a hereditary risk for developing that same condition “(Children of Alcoholics). This evidence exemplifies the likelihood of genes influencing addiction in the child’s lifetime.The evidence suggests the unfortunate fate destined for children born to alcoholic parents. Closing Sentence (Clincher) A closing sentence is the last sentence in the paragraph. Close the door to the paragraph! • • • • Begin with a transitional phrase It summarizes the main ideas or feeling of a paragraph. Do not add new information. Reword your topic sentence. Example: Thus proving the point the individual does not have the freewill to control their own fate when they are subjected to genetic addiction. Example The individual does not have the freewill to control their own fate when they are born into genetic addiction. For instance, alcoholism has many victims, but perhaps the most defenseless of them are the children of alcoholics: The National Association for Children of Alcoholics writes that those who grow up under drunk parents are four times more likely to develop alcoholism in their own adult lives than kids who grew up in better conditions (Children of Alcoholics). This highlights the fact that those with predisposition to alcoholism in their family are likely to develop their own addiction. A child cannot choose the family they are born into which further proves that fate cannot be determined by free will. Additionally, research from the National Human Genome Research Institute clarifies, “ ... how most medical conditions (such as alcoholism) have a genetic component to them, meaning that the biological child of an alcoholic parent grows up with a hereditary risk for developing that same condition (Children of Alcoholics). This evidence exemplifies the likelihood of genes influencing addiction in the child’s lifetime. The evidence suggests the unfortunate fate destined for children born to alcoholic parents. Thus proving the point the individual does not have the freewill to control their own fate when they are subjected to genetic addiction. Example The individual does not have the freewill to control their own fate when they are born into genetic addiction. For instance, alcoholism has many victims, but perhaps the most defenseless of them are the children of alcoholics: The National Association for Children of Alcoholics writes that those who grow up under drunk parents are four times more likely to develop alcoholism in their own adult lives than kids who grew up in better conditions (Children of Alcoholics). This highlights the fact that those with predisposition to alcoholism in their family are likely to develop their own addiction. A child cannot choose the family they are born into which further proves that fate cannot be determined by free will. Additionally, research from the National Human Genome Research Institute clarifies, “ ... how most medical conditions (such as alcoholism) have a genetic component to them, meaning that the biological child of an alcoholic parent grows up with a hereditary risk for developing that same condition” (Children of Alcoholics). This evidence exemplifies the likelihood of genes influencing addiction in the child’s lifetime. The evidence suggests the unfortunate fate destined for children born to alcoholic parents. Thus proving the point, the individual does not have the freewill to control their own fate when they are subjected to genetic addiction.
